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Show - I IHOW 'HOW HOW I ' HOW OCEANIC FL FLYING TING PROGRESSES PROGRESSESGiant PROGRESSESGiant Giant Floating Airplane Bases Start Trans-Atlantic Trans Atlantic - Flyers on onWay onWay Way by Means of Powerful Po\verfuI Po verfuI \ Catapult , Like 'Shot Shot ' Out of Gun . ' ByVILLIAl1 By \ WILLIAM \VILLIAl\1 VILLIAl 1 \ C . UTLUYT UTLUYRANSOCEANIC UTLEY UTLUY UTLEY"Tr /"Tr "Tr Tr / " RANSOCEANIC commercial flying flymg is here . The tests testsand testsand testsJ TRANSOCEANIC T _ and e explorations ploratIons which for several years have beengomg beengoing been beengoing going gomg on to lay the foundations foundatlons have been made With Withso withSo withso so much attendant publicity that the actual arrival of the thefact thefact thefact fact itself ItseU is comparatively httle lIttle known lmown . Regularly Regu1arly and on schedule schedu1e the Pan-American Pan American Pan-AmcrIcan AmcrIcan - AIrways AIrwaysships Airwaysships Airwaysships ships are now spanning spanrung the vast Pacific ; the South AtlantIc Atlantic"has Atlantichas ' " has subjected its expanses to transversal by airplane mrplane , andit and andit andit it is expected that soon even the tempestuous North AtJantIc Atlantic AtJantIcwill Atlanticwill Atlanticwill will see regularly regu1arly scheduled commercial flights between betweenNorth betweenNorth betweenNorth North America and Europe . , It is more th than 1n < 17 Jears years ears now since sincethat sincethat that mad . , storm tossed flight over overthe overthe overthe the Atlantic by the two BntIshers Britishers BritishersCapt , Capt John Jhn ( ) Alcock and Lieut Lleut Arthur ArthurWhItten ArthurWhitten ArthurWhitten WhItten BrownIt BrownIt Brown BrownIt It is more than 150 years smce since smcethe sincethe sincethe the first successful journey by airover air airover airover over the English ChmnelYet ChdnnelYet Chunnel Chmnel Chdnnel ChunnelYet , Yet the North Atlantic only re- re recently recently re recently - cently shows signs of giving gwmg up reg reg- regularly regularly - . ularly to the flights of man WIth WIthheaVIer withheavier withheavier heaVIer than air craft And it IS ISonly isonly isonly only a few months since Sl1ce . ' the first firstsuccessful firstsuccessful firstsuccessful successful trip of the great flYIng flYIngbonts flyingboats flyingboats bonts boats over the new air lanes in the thePacific thePacific thePacific thePacificPacific Pacific PacificPac1f PacificPacific Pac1f Pacific e Passenger Runs Begin Begm . , Only a week or two from the time timethat timethat timethat that you read this the giant Clipper ClipperShIPS Clipperships Clipperships ShIPS will begin begm carrying carrymg passen passen- passengers passengers passengers - - gers on the Pacific Pacl c run , from frm ( ) San SanFrancIsco SanFrancisco SanFrancisco FrancIsco to ChmwIth Chmi Chm\ Chm Chma ' \ , with stops here hereand hereand hereand and there at islands some of whIch whIchnre whichare whichare nre are not even cven big enough to be a arespectable arespectable arespectable respectable dot on a map of t'l1e tl1e the t'l1eocean theocean theocean ' ocean Already the Clippers Chppers are arecarrymg arecarrying arecarrying carrymg carrying mail mall and baggage . The comings commgs and goings gomgs of the theCl1pper theClipper theClipper Cl1pper Clipper ships sbJps are no longer news newsand , and neither are those of the gIant gIantZeppelm giantZeppelin giantZeppelin Zeppelm Zeppelin Hindcnburg Hindenburg , , which flIes flIesback fliesback fliesback back and forth wrth m in all kinds of weath weath- weather weather weather - - er over the Atlantic The number numberof numberof of passengers she carries has been beenIncreasmg beenincreasing beenincreasing Increasmg increasing with every trip , until to- to today today to today - day 70 persons are just lust a neat pack pack- package package package - age for her . . Behind Beh10d the scenes of these flIghts flIghtsis flightsIs is where "here here 'here " ' most of the important workis work workIs workis Is conducted For the Pac Pacific c fughts flights flightsstations , statIons have been built bmlt and crews crewstramed crewstrained crewsframed tramed trained at Honolulu , Midway island islandWake , Wake Island , Guam and Mamla Manila MamlaEven ManilaEven ManilaEven Even in these out of the \ way nay ay spots spotsthe spotsthe spotsthe the early travelers on the trans transPacIfic transPacific transPacific PacIfic lines lmes will find modern ho hotels hotels hotels tels and efficient organizations orgamzahons to totahe totake totake tahe take care of ot the comfort omfort as \ ' well 'ell ell ell as asthe asthe asthe the safety of their trips . The trips trJps of the Zcppelms Zeppelms Zeppelins betweenGermany be between betweenGermany \ \ een eenGermany Germany and South America Amenca have haveIJterally haveliterally haveliterally IJterally literally been going gomg on for years yearsSo yearsSD yearsSo So SD regular is their performance performancethey , they aie ale as much taken for granted grantedas as street cars m in a big city . Big airships , however , only cut cutabout cutabout cutabout about a day from the time hme ( ) of f the thefastest thefastest thefastest fastest of the new ships which cross crossthe crossthe crossthe the Atlantic AtIanllc If speed is to be the thebIg thebig thebig bIg advantage of Hying flymg flying , it is to toheavier toheavier toheavier heavier than air craft that we must mustlook mustlook mustlook mustlookCatapult look lookCatapult Catapult New Ncw DevtlopmcntFrench DevelopmentFrench Development Devtlopmcnt DevelopmentFrench French and German airplanes airplanesha airplaneshate airplaneshave ha\ ha hae hate \ e for some years been carrymg carrying carrymgthe carryingthe carryingthe the mail mall across the South AtIanlle Atlantic AtIanlleIn AtlanticIn AtlanticIn In the hundreds of crossings crossmgs that thathave thathave thathave have been made only one or two twoShIPS twoships twoships ShIPS have been lost Their SWift SWiftplanes swiftplanes swiftplanes planes take oft off from the water or orarc orare orare arc are speeded on their way from an anchored anshored anchored chored shored catapultsThe catapultsThe catapults catapultsThe The catapult is one of the most mostimportant mostimportant mostimportant important developments in m the the1hghts theflights theflights 1hghts flights across the Atlantic Atlanhc wIth wIthwhich withwhich withwhich which Germany has lately been ex- ex exper1mentmg experirnenting ex experimenting - perimenting per1mentmg perirnenting The device is used by method , actually the pilots of the theShIPS theships theships ShIPS ShIPSould \ would \\ould ould \ be right at home m in the therole therole role of human 'human ' cannon ball ' for fora fora I a : circus Besides this , the upkeep upkeepof of the 8 000 ton "mother mother " " ships Is Isan isan isan an item that cats eats up any profits thitmight th\t th t that thtmight thatmight ' \ might be expected e.pected epected . from l1rShlpS airships airshipswhich airshipswhich l1rShlpSwhIch whIch can carry at most a small smallnumber smallnumber smallnumber number of passengersWill passengers passengersWill Will Wilt Try Larger Ships Ships.The ShipsThe . TIle The two new German planes Aeo AeoIus Aeolus Aeohis Ius lus and Zephyr are the \ tv/o tv o 1\/0 1 0 two / largest largestever largestever largestever ever to be catapulted from a ship shipFully shipFully shipFully Fully loaded , they weigh ten tons tonsapIece tonsapiece tonsapiece apIece The catapult of the Ger man ship Sch\\ Sch Schvvabenland Schabenland Schwabenland \ \ abenland is so pow pow- pow1 poweriul powerful powerful - 1 erful eriul that in m a space of 100 feet itstarts It Itstarts itstarts starts these great grcat flying flymg boats from fromstandmg fromstanding fromstanding standmg standing still shll to 80 or more mIles mIlesan milesan milesan an hour hourNet hourNe hourNext Ne Ne\t Ne t Next \ " < : t spring sprmg the Germans mtend intend mtendto intendto intendto to try the catapult with even larg larger larger larger er ships They will make mahe 24 4 cross cross- crosslOgS crossings crossings - ings lOgS to South America and return returnWIth returnwith returnwith WIth 14 ton planes of the Dormer Dormertype Dormertype Dormertype type , which will take off of ! from cata- cata catapults cata catapults - . pults pultsThe The catapult is a scientific scienhfic devel devel- development development development - - opment of the siege weapon , from fromWhich fromwhich Which \ \ hlch it takes tahes its lts name , that v . was wasused wasused as asused used in m ancient times The one oneaboard oneaboard oneaboard aboard the Schvvabenland Schwabenland is 126 feet feetoveralL feetoverall feetoveralL overalL . It is mounted on the port portsIde portside portside sIde of ot the ship , with the take off offflush offflush oIflush ( flush with the stern Even the themountamous themountainous themountainous mountamous mountainous waves of the North NorthAtlantIc NorthAtlantic NorthAtlantic AtlantIc do not put it out of com com- commiSSIon commission commission - mission , , for the ship carries carnes a great greatsheet greatsheet greatsheet sheet of canvas which is spread out outover outover outover over rough wa waters ters to make mahe them themlIe themlie themlie lIe flat fiat and permit operation operatJon ThIS ThISapron Thisapron Thisapron apron lies about a foot or two un- un under under un under - der the water and extends from fromthe fromthe fromthe the stern of at the ship about 40 feet feetWhen feetWhen feetWhen When it is used the ship has to be . F f/Gkl f Gkl fGklryq'95If / , / /ryq'95If ryq'95If ryq95If / , ryq'95IfhJ ' hJ hJrf r/f r f / I / z z4 / /4 4 y l lf . f Y.v3 Yv3 Y.v3J J ) . - / / tl - yr \ \ [ } Q { r rd d/ d dw / w a t3 9xt3 t3sac sac > , , . t rs rsJt , Jt i Lt LtN X 9x N ' 14 , , Wl W Wt WFi t Fi ' O H HThis ) . ; " " ' < This amphIbIan wIll be Amcrlca's Amcrlcas America's Americas ' large largest t . It will carry 32 pas- pas - paslengers passengers lengers sengers and a crcw crew or of four , and Is rapidly nearing completion in tho the Douglas thoDouglas theDouglas factory at Santa l\IonIca l IonIca Monica \ , Cahf Califf . I the two German ships which re- re recently recently re recently - - cently inaugurated commercial fly- fly fly - ing 1ng flying fly1ng over the North Atlantic Atlanbc . , Officials of American aVIation aVIationcompanies aviationcompanies aviationcompanies companies were interested . , specta spechl- spechl specta- spechltors spectators spectators - tors at demonstrations of the Ger Ger- German Ger- Ger German German - - man floating aerial base ships re recently re- re recently recently - - cently . One of them contains contams the themost themost themost most powerful catapult aboard ShIP ShIPI ShIPGermany shipGermany shipGermany I Germany now has converted three threefreighters threefreighters threefreighters freighters into catapult ships andis andis and andj andI I j Is building bUIldmg another . , Each of at the ships has a crew of ofGO ofGO ofCO I IEach GO or more men They carry cnough enough cnoughCuel enoughfuel enoughfuel Cuel fuel : and provisions to stay out at atsea atsea atsea sea for 1JJr several weeksI weeksAlthough weeks I | Although the South Atlantic llr- llr air- air airlines air airlines llrlines - lines ships carry as much as 500pounds 500 500pounds 500pounds pounds of ma mail on a n single smgle flight filght , , j they do not yet carry passengers passengersOne passengersOne passengersOne One of the reasons for this is the thecatapult thecatapult , catapult method of take off ot1 . It is isnot isnot I Inot not exactly comfortable tor for passengers passen- passen passeD passenceri - . I I | ceri gers to be shot into the air by this I moving movmg forward at a speed of about abouttwo abouttwo abouttwo two knotsThe knots knotsThe knotsThe The ingenious mgcDlouS Germans are clev clev- clever clever clever - er at picking plckmg up ships from choppy choppywaves choppywaves choppywaves waves . There is a great crane on onthe onthe onthe the starboard side of the Schvvaben Schwaben- Schwaben Schwabenland Schvvabenland - . land droppedinto , from which lines hnes are dropped into the water The mechamsm mechanism mechamsmWhICh mechanismwhich mechanismwhich WhICh controls these lines lmes causes causesthem causesthem causesthem them to rise and tall fall in m time llme WJth with WJththe withthe withthe the waves wavesAir Air Propels Propcls Catapult Ca.tapult . . Compressed air is the force forcr whIch whIchdrives whichdrives whichdrives drives the great catapult The TheKrupp TheKrupp TheKrupp Krupp hugeGerman works , which built the huge German cannon of the ' World 'Vorld Vorld war warconstructed , constructed the cylinder cyl1nder which it itself it- it itsel itself - self sel ! looks not unlike a cannon cnnnon It is Is16 16 feet teet long . , mounted beneath the thetrack thetrack thetrack track of the catapult , and drives a apiston apiston apiston piston 2 feet teet in m diameter dJameter . Six Sur steel cables are wound around arounda a drum which forms fonns the end of the piston shaft These extend beneath beneaththe beneaththe beneaththe the cylinder cylmder to another drum at the thefar thefar thefar far end From this end there are aretwo aretwo aretwo two more cables which extend e'Ctend eCtend ' up- up upward upward up upward - ward between the rails of the cata cata- catapult catapult catapult - pult to a sort sod of steel sled , upon uponWhICh uponwhich uponwhich WhICh the plane about to take tahe aU off aUis offIs ofis ! is mounted mountedThe The airplane is held in posJtion position posJtionby positionby positionby by tour four hinged arms with braceslilte bracesliice braces 'like like ' lilte liice cantilevers Two of these press pressagainst pressagainst pressagainst against plates on the boat hull , and andthe andthe andthe the other two fit into slots forward forwardon on the hull hun and beneath the wmg wing wmg.When wmgWhen . I When the machine starts into mto mo- mo mobon motion mo motion - - . tion bon , these last two drop This leaves leavesonly leavesonly leavesonly I only the two in the rear to propel propelthe propelthe propelthe the airplane along the 100 foot footgreased footgreased footgreased greased runway . The pump which loads the aircompressor air aircompressor aircompressor compressor is powered by a Diesel Dieselmotor Dieselmotor Dieselmotor motor . Beneath the compressor IS ISanother isanother isanother another compressed air tank WhICh whichis IS charged to 150 atmospheresRegulate atmospheres atmospheresRegulate Regulate Air Alr "Charge Charge "Cha.rge Cha.rge " . . . " The charge in 10 the "air air " gun " has hasto hasto hasto to be regulated for different dlJI'erent dlJIerent ' wmds winds wmdsand windsand windsand and loads of d dulcrcnt Ierent different sizes The Thecaptain Thecaptain ' captam captain of the "mother mother " " ship , Alfred y ' 7 'F F ' viy < yff , . , v SR " "No No A Y # W'l.c Wl.c Wlc # 4r 4rM'M " ' 'l l . > " ' 'l1 M'M MM ' M , . . ) Uir/.p/INANQ.M UirpINANQ.M Uir .p p INANQ.M INANQM / . / { w < ( , yy . v Il " IM "y y " ' ' - " , rr ' " ) ' /1 1 / . . 1 . < " 1'f Y 'f f ' 'ft 4 Zw -t t - , { . > { Y a . JA 4 A / J ' JJ J " ' i f . { ' Yl . { , 1 l ' } . , ; . < . i r 0 . G - l ) f .fr1 fr1 . . , of . > t < ( > " ' ) , . J < . N ; 4 4Y / < y y / j jf ' .s s . < # / 4 Y ' < , < Y 0 4 4r 4xy r t tb b xy f ' r ' x x4 /4 4 / 4Yak / \ r f ' Yak YakAh . < : ; , -Ah Ah - , . a 9L r rl f ' t l " xk xkr xka xkJ r a < - a + aa r r ) J " . - - / .y\ .y . .yJ \ - , ? ' T " ? s J j " + , xs / ' t 4 0 l vrrs , 5 , t 3 3ri ri , r " ox dl dl.q . -.q .q - . .qThe The Aeolus , shown shonn shorn here , is one of the tbe German planes plancs , launched launche from froma a . "mother mother "molhcr |