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Show URGES WORLD PEACE, NEW SEA LAWS, FEWERARMS Ferrero Advocates Equality of Races and Armament Restrictions BY GUGLIELMO FERRERO. Fimoui Italian Historian. Written for Universal Service. Home, Feb. 12. A peace treaty worka only if the vanquished are willing- to observe It or the conquerors are In a position to Impose It. There must be either agreement or force if a treaty is to exist. In the peace treaties of 1919 and 1920 both agreement and force are lacking;, because, be-cause, while the vanquished do not admit ad-mit that they are obliged to observe thf-m, there Is no certainty that the victors are In a position .to impose the inure important conditions. No one, therefore, can nay what these treaties are; whether they are the sound basis of a new order or mere scrape of paper. Kurope is as if she were suspended In space, in a desperate situation, full ..taw tit hate and of fear. These are the two predominating feeling; The peoples hate one another because each fears the other, and they fear just because they hate. Jt Is obvious that TIMS fcTrflnge"&TTtr ation cannot endure for long. Kurope is tending; towards a terrible "peace crisis." That underlying ferment of puHxione that precedes the greater convulsions con-vulsions may already be observed everywhere. ( It is difficult to foresee what form these peaces crises will take, but it is .almost rertnin that the place where they will begin to appear is in the Kast. SEVRES TREATY STUPID. The Sevres treaty is, perhaps In homage to its name, the moHt fragile of alt treaties, because it is the most stupid and fantastic. The aliiance o Turkey and Russia that Is to sny, the most incredible combination that the mind of diplomat could conceive has been concluded ; and it will not fail to accomplish its office against Kurope, which has more desires and ambitions in Asia than she has forces. But as regards all the rest the future fu-ture Is very obscure. We may make various suppositions. The first is that they may be an overturning of the two great questions that were mixed VP in the wnrld'a arne The great war, which began as a new struggle for hegemony and liberty lib-erty In Kurope, was then extended to the seas, after America intervened. Then the struggle for liberty and the hegemony of the seas was added as an appendix to the struggle for the continent. But peace has not been able to settle either the European question or the question of the seas. And since all the Kuropean powers are more or less displaced, it may even be that the Kuropean question will become an appendix ap-pendix of the question of the seas. The competition for naval supremacy has already begun between Kngland and the United States. It could not X happen otherwise, since the seas were excluded from the peace plans. Lord Northchffe's wonder is, in truth, very ingenuous. And if Kngland persists in ier policy, the competition will grow bitterer and spread from the waters to the land. In order to prepare for the struggle England will endeavor to secure the alliance of France, sharpening, if necessary, neces-sary, the hatred and suspicion of Ger- many. In fact, she has already begun. Che t'nlted States, in Its turn, will ?e driven to get into closer relations ivith Germany. SEES NEW DISPUTE. The two groups will dispute about Italy and the other states of Kurope; they will try to win over Russia, whenever when-ever the day comes that Kusnta is ruled by a government with which a treaty can be made. Who knows? The hatreds and fears which are latent in urol'-ni.lKn!t?-urwt llt, npr,)n on tne day the first cannon Is fired over the seas. And that day may be much nearer than one imagines unless some change lakes place In the course of events. Another not improbable supposition Is this: That a revolution should try to bring about the peace which the governments have not succeeded in giving us. This would be the most probable supposition if there were in leads peoples, without their realizing it. to the threshold of death, from which there is no return. We have not yet reached this threshold, but we are not very far from it. Kurope was and is a chain. Friends ;and enemies, we are all united, one to i the other, like the climbers in an Al-I Al-I pine ascent, and by a cord that will not break and cannot be cut. There are two corpses already at the. end of the cord: Hussia and Aus- tria. The remainder of the caravan is .proceeding slowly, because.it has to support and drag these two dead bodies ' with it. Germany comes next, and she is still on her feet, though wearied almost to death. After her comes Italy. If Germany and Italy were to fall, who can suppose that France and Kngland at the head of the column would still, have the strength to mount, bearing Kurope parties and doctrines capable of bringing peace to a world on the I ruins of the present regime, j - Unfortunately these parties and doe-I doe-I trines either do not exist or they are jtoo feeble, at least for the moment: , , hence comerthe danger that there will jbe revolutions, but that they will be sterile, and Instead of bringing peace will only add new wars to the old, as in Russia. There is nothing that can prevent us I from supposing, and indeed, many facts induce us to fear, that inter revolutions revolu-tions and the preparation for a great new war, in which we shall fight on the seas for the dominion of the land, may proceed together. It Is not a fact that Ills and misfortunes misfor-tunes come one by one; very often they come in couples. In that case, alas for Europe! HOPE FOR EFFORT. all these corpses with them? The whole line would rush downward to the abyss. ! No one can pretend now to guess what destiny is preparing for us. This 'alone is sure: that if things continue to go on in this chance fashion, driven forward tumultuously by the unexpected unexpect-ed developments of hate and fear, Kurope Ku-rope will have to pass throu3h some terrible times. He who remembers the pat feels fluttering around him. Invisible, the shades of Aurelian, of Diocletian and Constantine, The most precious treasures treas-ures of our civilisation are In danger of being dispersed, and not by bar bar- Finally, we are at liberty also to hope, since hope is also a conjecture In regard to the future, that the peoples peo-ples and governments will think over things, and will make a supreme effort to save themselves. What they ought to do to save themselves la clear, after aft-er what we have set forth. It would be necessary first of all, that the great powers of Europe, victors vic-tors and vanquished, should, in the name of the league of nations or some other title, conclude a fifty years truce, similar to that which the great monarch mon-arch of Kurope concluded in 1815. inns i ruin uumiur, vuu i i""1' ' , y but by the barbarians which our civilization civil-ization holds within her own bosom, who are the more dangerous because they are everywhere, in every social order. i Kor this reason every man who has still the strength.to think of the future, who is unable to live in the suicidal i fatalism of the time, must use every f effort, in Kurope and in America, to draw back western civilization from the! jaws of death, towards which it Is ! recklessly tending. ! These efforts niicht be sterile but they j might also succeed. And even if they! should fall, those who have made them! may console themselves with the thought that they have done their duly ' They ought to agree to a sincere land universal limitation of land and ! naval armaments; to compile a statute of the seas which should make the oceans the common pathway of mankind, man-kind, placed under the vigilance of all; to come to an agreement for a liquidation of the ruin of war. And finally, all the states of Kurope ought to recognize as a foundamental principle of the new public right, the political equality of all races, a it has for some time been recognized by UelKium and Switzerland. These things are not easy, I know, i although some of them have already! been done. Many person shrug thejr shoulders when one speaks of thee things. But Kurope would be deceiving deceiv-ing herself once more, as she has so often deceived, herself since 1914. if i in the face of the greatest danger of, iruin that has ever threatened human-j ity. ! Jt is as well to note that the first i grod example bus been given in Ita!.! The treaty of Hana.Ho isth f.ryt of, the peace tre;.Us which hH,i mad m !attetnit to . reconxtit ute a certain; 'amount of order in a corner of Kurope, jby agreement and n-t bv imposition j jand to apply the principle of political cality to the races. J f V.'e may hope tfiat this treaty will , I prove to be valid, because the contract- j line partiis des're to execute it, con-i ' sidering theinseK os bound to obHerv it by faith and not by far. out of mutual interest and not ' by force.-; Therefore, it may be greeted as the hope of a better future in this strange drama of peace which s-ema to te pre-, paring so many new sorrows for hu-j maniijf. j she supposed that the price of safety will be a small one, after so m.my errors and so many follies. She deluded herself in 13' 4 with the idea that the war would be a small one; and she ileluded herjlf ia the following years with the idu that it might be long without ruining every -tiiir.g. and that victory oulcl put everything right. She deceived herseif iA 19i8. .md iPls wlih :he notion that i it would be sufficient lo write a Ireaty for a new ordor to -x. i And she has r M farther persuaded, hcrseli that this fr.chtful disorder will settle down by lti"lf, by a kind of nilracu'ous internal force, and without j there being any necessity for Kurope i to purify herec!f of-the bad passions1 ttat generated the dlaorJer. j Bui iiiusion a flowery paia that ofLen : ' ' ' V |