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Show "The Changing Face of the Nation" A 4- EDITOR'S NOTE Following is a talk given by George Komnoy, president and chairman of the Board of American Motors Corp., at the Golden Anniversary membership mem-bership meeting of tho Utah Manufacturers Manu-facturers Assn., held in Salt Lake City recently. A native Utahn, heading one of the largest corporations cor-porations in the world, Mr. Komnoy has a keen insight concerning conditions con-ditions in this country and in the world. Among other things lie states that more progress concerning concern-ing illness, improving health and lengthening life will be made in the next 25 years than in the entire en-tire history of mankind. His talk Is so fine, we are printing it in its entirety believing that everyone who reads it will find it interesting interest-ing and very enlightening. Mr. Romney is now president of the Detroit Stake, LDS Church. His talk follows: Chairman Parson, ladies and gentlemen. I want to say to all of you that it is a real thrill to be here, and particularly to be here with so many distinguished guests ! and so many good Utah friends. I have never been in a room with so many people who have played important im-portant parts in my life, and this is a real thrill. As a matter of fact, this whole day has been a thrill, as I am sure it has been for every man at the head table. I am sure they share the pleasure I've had of going through the city and meeting good friends. As a matter of fact, it seems to me I've kept bumping into people I've wanted to see all day long. I am sure they would want me to thank you for the opportunity op-portunity of being here on such a wonderful occasion. One of the great characters it has been my pleasure to know was the late William S. Knudsen, who was president of General Motors and who later was in charge of the total war production effort. As a (Continued on page three) Well, the progress of the past 50 (continued on page 4) the saving of human life. 4 As Henry Luce has pointed out, at the end of this 50 years, we are confronted less with the problem prob-lem of sweat to earn our daily bread, and the words, "Give us this day our daily bread," don't mean quite as much to us because we have a surplus of bread, and a surplus is our most urgent economic econ-omic problem. How about the next 50 years? tivities of his own organization, and to the extent he could the I activities of the industry, to that I concept. The result was that all ; the big and tough problems that ; confronted the automotive industry through World War II were ap-1 ap-1 proached on that basis. Those prob-! prob-! lems probably reached their peak 1 in World War H, and the automo-! automo-! bile companies cooperated in every aspect of war production. It took the initial companies 15 to 20 months to tool up on, tanks, airplanes air-planes and things of that type, displaying dis-playing cooperation unmatched even by the armed forces. Subsequent Subse-quent companies, having the full know-how of the companies which tooled up first, did it in five months, seven months, and eight months with all that meant in ; ago. This was a period of huge cs-$ I tates and ducal palaces, and to the j rich cost was of no consequence. The average wage earner received less than $500 a year, and he worked work-ed 9Vi to 10 hours a day, or 55 to 60 hours a week. Our hourly wage was from 18 to 20 cents, but reform was in the air, and William Allen White said the era from 1900 : to 1915 was the one in which "men I and women were laboring in a hun- dred different ways to give the un-! un-! derdog a better kennel." We have much better dog houses today. In 1900 the average life span was 49. Today it is 68. We were still a debtor nation. British investments invest-ments in this county were substantial, substan-tial, and we were benefiting substantially sub-stantially not only from British investments in-vestments but also from British industrial know-how. Theodore Roosevelt was battling the trusts, and he eventually broke up some of the key ones. The automotive industry was still in its swaddling clothes. Ford was just establishing the Ford Mo- MThe Changing Face 18 Of the Nation" (Continued from page 1) matter of fact, he had more to da with winning World War H, in my judgment, than any other single man, because it was he who had the understanding to mobilize the productive resources of this country. coun-try. In the latter two or three years of his great service he traveled trav-eled across the country many times and he told me after the war that it was his studied conclusion that the finest people in the United States lived right here in this In-termountain In-termountain Area. Now the committee actually suggested they would like me to talk about the next fifty years. Well, in trying to focus on a subject, sub-ject, I came across an article in Business Week two weeks ago that said there had just been a meeting of the American Economic Association Assoc-iation and that the economists tor Company, ana the General Motors Corporation hadn't even come' into existence. To me the automotive industry is the highest expression in our industrial fabric of the principles of economic freedom, free-dom, and I think the two men who have contributed most substantially substantial-ly to the development of that great industry which is now our number num-ber one industry were Henry Ford and Alfred P. Sloan. Henry Ford was the man who had the cburage to resist the entire en-tire industry and to prevent the rest from using patents to form a controlled monopoly in the early period of the industry. He it was who preserved and brought about the expression of the competitive principle as it has operated in the automotive industry. He made another an-other major contribution, a contribution contri-bution that sprang from his vision of making his product available to the masses as well as the classes. That was a revolutionary concept. Alfred P. Sloan's great contributions contri-butions have been in another area, one which to me has played the most fundamental part in the development de-velopment of this county. That is the area of voluntary organization organiza-tion and cooperation. It was Alfred Al-fred P. Sloan who developed the unexcelled concepts of decentralized decentral-ized management and created organizational or-ganizational structures that enabled en-abled men in the large companies to give expression to their talents and abilities without too much control con-trol from a central office: Now it was also Alfred Sloan who did something for the automotive auto-motive industry that has contributed contrib-uted more to its development than people realize. In fact, there are many people in the industry itself who don't realize the part he played. play-ed. But he it was who as head of the industry's largest corporation, established a fixed policy of undertaking under-taking to determine the industry's and the nation's interest and the public interest and then pursuing that interest and shaping the ac- had all flubbed the question of our future economic growth. And then I recalled that the Census Bureau once predicted that we would have 165 million people in this country by 1990 and we've already got 166 million people. And they are now predicting we will have 227 million people by 1975. Right after the war, the Public Roads administration predicted we would have 50 million motor vehicles ve-hicles in this country by 1956, and we've already got 500 million, and we probably will have 80 million by 1965. So I decided I wouldn't devote de-vote the bulk of my time here tonight to-night in trying to forecast the future. fu-ture. Instead I was impressed by words that have always impressed me, expressed by the greatest man of our age, as far as I am concerned, con-cerned, who said that when we were asked to talk we should talk the words of life. That to me means we should talk on the basis of our experiences ... at least that is one interpretation of those words. The other thing that impressed im-pressed me was the statement on a recent Saturday Evening Post cover by Benjamin Franklin to the effect that if printers printed only that which would offend no one, there would be very little printed. So I have decided tonight to just quickly take a look at where we were 50 years ago. We certainly should know where we are today. Permit me then to quickly touch on some of the things we can expect ex-pect and then devote the bulk of my time to discussing what I consider con-sider to be the major challenge to our realization of our possibilities during the next 50 years, and to do it against the background of my own life's experience. Now the last 50 years have been the greatest years of progress in the history of mankind. Certainly America today is the highest expression ex-pression of religious political and economic freedom that the world has ever seen. At the beginning of this century this country was characterized char-acterized by monopoly conditions. There was irresponsible control of the economic life by big business. We were wasteful in the utilization utiliza-tion of our nation's resources and there was exploitation of labor. All this resulted in extremes of wealth and poverty. The distribution of wealth in this country was little better than in Europe 50 years the international Ibor u g tion I learnpeodn0y and other econ-tWeen econ-tWeen our economy omies. I tnea lu b t of pnnci-to pnnci-to agree on a f statemen h cQm P'trnterprise6 Finally the petitive ente4tish Federation of head of the.,B" me- "George, free industry said to me. maelous. enterprise competitive out SU.. to nbar- rass me at home. that the NT f Euiope believe that the people Of EuPeri"le is purely a competitive EJJipie F Qf dog-cat-dogTPnnPe fl i encouraging signs. That is Vh , Great Britain, when the So ists were in power, CripPB' "a'-say "a'-say to the British people have only two alternatives,,..;?1 monopoly or private mono, , That was because their Cv. sceme of things was built Un e monopoly. The Conservative ernment in the past year and half has begun to push for ip lation similar to our anti-tn laws, which is a very signifiP change in British economic im1 Before the Stockholm confer''Cy' I used to use the term "free em 1 prise." I dropped it becaus t didn't describe the unique asiL of our economic system as fa. I was concerned. After a nun of years the term that satisfies 7 concept of our system is "comtifiJ' tive cooperative consumerism' Not "capitalism" but "consuml (Continued on Page Five) t ,ipd to take tnev benefits because I used to annual aluminum proa Qf Mines. ures over to the cm an The total aluminum proa nuaUy was less toan wej last month in tms ; j. uses for aluminum have oe q tiplied amazingly m this per competitive activity. t The automobile bness in same penod there ompeti-about ompeti-about 2,000 firms in th conp tive race in the last a &s was down to 10 mam cQn. far as passenger car w -t lf rerned. One tried to estaDiis." SThe lush postwar pe od. It faU 6d- Five arrnowhXwng0toefivye. By way. We are now u acyy the COinCideSmbetrheof "LSgr car ldN-alumircompan. yesUinethe public interest you ce - going to have to earn it by approaching ap-proaching it in the spirit of the oia Turkish proverb, by "reading new books but old proverbs.' And i think we are going to have to ao it by one of the most difficult things on earth there is to do, ana that is by denying ourselvesana, more difficult, denying our children of enough things so we will have to make enough sacrifices and put forth enough effort so as to develop devel-op the spiritual and moral strengtn required to meet the challenges, political and otherwise, what he ahead. . I think the greatest threats without and within are, objectively: objective-ly: From without, collectivism, Communism in its most derelict form enslavement or freedom; from within the greatest challange is an exclusive concentration or industrial labor and government power which cuts right acrubi, uic basic concepts on which this country coun-try was founded and on which tne progress of the past 50 years has been achieved. Now, in reaching into some of the experiences I have had which have influenced my thinking, at least on the next 50 years, let me go to Washington. When I arrived there I got a job up at the Capitol through Ike (Stewart) and worked work-ed for a Democratic senator while he was working for Senator Reed Smoot. He and I kind of fought the Smoot-Hawley tariff bill on the ! floor alongside our two senators. ' But there -was a more pressing problem in that period than the tariff, and the pressing problem in that period in this country was the I agricultural problem the farm tainly need at lea mer rndCg'eVe consumer the benefit bene-fit of competitive enterprise. After all, what is this compel -tive principle? Look, o- Tt aooUes exactly like athletics in their capabilities and abilities. Tne pos Uons of industrial concerns m the industrial league depend on how well they play the g And that is determined by free customers custo-mers who either buy their product, "The Changing Face Of the Nation" (Continued from page 3) years in a large sense parallels that of electricity and the internal compustion engine. Modern electronics elec-tronics and atomic energy are unbelievably un-believably greater in their potential poten-tial power and revolutionary impact. im-pact. And transportation! Planes on order will enable you to fly to London in six hours, and before 50 years are up the flying time probably will be three hours. Cars ? Sure, at the end of 50 years you will have not only jet turbines but, without any question in my judgment, judg-ment, you'll have cars operating on atomic energy. You'll have atomic long distance units for travel tra-vel purposes. You will have corn- problem. The great leaders in the farm movement at that time were George Peek and Hugh Johnson. George Peek was expressing the viewpoint of farmers most fully and articulately, and he boiled it down to the basic idea that the difficulty in the farm situation was that agricultural products were being priced on the basis of world markets because we then had substantial world markets and that the farmers were compelled to buy in protected markets protected pro-tected by tariffs and, therefore, they were having to pay protected national prices for the things they bought and to get world prices for the things they sold. In his view, that inequality between agricultural agricultur-al prices and tariff prices had to or aon i uuy Liii The late Henry Simons of the University of Chicago said that any community that loses the discipline dis-cipline of competition exposes itself it-self to the discipline of absolute authority. . Now the other great principle operating is the cooperative principle prin-ciple Woodrow Wilson stated correctly cor-rectly that the most powerful force in the world is the spontaneous cooperation co-operation of a free people. Herbert Hoover has said: "Ours is a voluntary volun-tary system. The very fabric of American life is built around its tens of thousands of voluntary associations. as-sociations. The inspiration for human hu-man progress comes from these voluntary agencies and not from bureaucracies. If these voluntary be wiped out. Now I know the sensitiveness of the tariff subject in this great area, but what happened ? The administration ad-ministration decided, among other things, to buy the farmer off with the McNary-Haugen bill, and that started the real farm subsidization and boosted tariffs still higher. Thnt is what harmened. Now the agencies were absorbed by government, govern-ment, this government as we know it would be at an end, and something some-thing neither free nor noble would take its place." Sure, our system is one of individual in-dividual freedom, but it is also the most cooperative system in the world At the end of World War pact urban commuters for use where the bulk of travel will take place and is taking place on the basis of personal mobility. Health ? Those who know the potentials of new fields of technology in this area say we will make more progress pro-gress in the next 25 years not 50 years, but 25 years in reducing illness, improving health and lengthening len-gthening life than man has made in the entire history of mankind. The social change is almost beyond our imagination. There will be an abundance of leisure a good thing if properly handled. In summing up the world's prospects pros-pects economically, the World Bank makes this observation: "Economic "Ec-onomic progress now for the first time in history has proved to grow out of a state of mind, out of knowledge of people that a better life is in fact attainable, and out of determination of people to win by their own work. It has been shown that economic development requires more than machines, more than money. People are still the most important element in economic econ-omic progress and accomplish- mont Tt rpmiirps not onlv the agricultural issue is still with us, and I want to come back to it as I get to what I consider another aspect of the overall problem. I think one of the great challenges chal-lenges that we face as a nation is the fact that we are no longer a debtor nation. We are the world's largest creditor nation, and yet we are still operating substantially on the basis of foreign trade policies poli-cies laid down when we were a debtor nation. And that just won't work, in my humble judgment. That is one error we have to face and correct. I don't mean that we should wipe out tariffs that protect pro-tect industries which are essential to national defense. I don't mean we should wipe out tariffs where we need some protection from ririco e-oue-in? from foreien sources. building of great power plants and roads. It has to be an awakening in the minds of millions of people in all walks and conditions of 'ife ... an awakening that will move people to work more effectively for tomorrow's reward." Now people and their wills will continue to be the most important elements during the next 50 years. And people will have to awaken to the present challenges that I believe be-lieve could thwart their desires, it is not going to be enough to want what we can potentially have in the next 50 years. We are going to have to earn it, and I think we are Not at all. But I do mean that the greatest creditor nation on earth must eliminate barriers to world trade to the extent that this does not impair military security and economic econ-omic protection if we are going to play our proper role in the world and stop losing even further our already vastly shrunken agricultural agricul-tural markets. , I joined the Aluminum Company of America in 1930. I worked for that company for about nine years. During that period the Aluminum Company of America was the only producer of aluminum in the United States. It was a monopoly, so I can say I have seen a monopoly monop-oly operate from the inside. Now the Aluminum Company of America Amer-ica made a great contribution to the country by developing the art of making and fabricating aluminum. alumi-num. But a private monopoly is just like a public monopoly in its inefficiency, in its reliance on seniority sen-iority and in its inability to marshal mar-shal the individual effort that comes as a result of competitive enterprise. I left the Aluminum Company of America in 1940 to go to the automobile industry because there were 10 companies manufacturing manufac-turing passenger cars, and I felt there was more opportunity for a young fellow in a competitive industry. in-dustry. I decided to take my chances, and I left absolute security secur-ity to do it. That was 15 years ago. In that interval the government govern-ment has used its power to bring into being four other aluminum companies. I know the resulting (Continued from pngo 4) i ism." the capitalists prolmbly were t"l0 primary licnoficiarios of our h dustrial system in the early stages of its development, but that is no longer true. The chief beneficiaries 'today are the consumers . . . and we are all consumers. And the thinp that is happening is that the different enterprises are competing have done here. What the wholes world is yearning for is the type of economic abundance we have. They don't understand how we created it. I think we will have to use money for humanitarian purposes and military purposes. I don't believe the economic problem can be handled by our government through other governments, because be-cause that simply increases the control of the foreign governments over their peoples and their enterprises. enter-prises. It has to be done, in my judgment, through private enterprise. enter-prise. Let me point out that my com- pany has the second largest worl organization in appliances. W have plants all over the world tha are being operated by men we hav brought here and trained. Thes don't include Just the presidents and the general managers, but thi foremen and even the men in thi plants. International Business Ma chines is a good example of tha sort of thing. Burroughs is anothei good example. Look, we have goi to do for the world what the Brit ish did for us if we are going tc keep our enemies from mobilizinf the envy of the world to attack us (Continued on page six) (can face the union problem. AndS you can't solve the agricultural problem until you get over those problems. You can alleviate it, but you can't resolve it. I think our anti-trust laws have served a wonderful purpose, but I don't think they are up to date in the light of today's realities. The anti-truet laws need to be strengh-ened strengh-ened and modernized to the point where in these basic industries where we now have "oligopoly" there may be born new companies and a larger number of companies. The process of birth and death must be allowed to continue in such industries because if you create a situation where everybody survives the consumer does not benefit in the least. Now I learned at the Stockholm meeting another fact, and that is that America's world role is far bigger than we realize. There isn't Hime to go into the details of it. but I found the keenest minds I met in Europe concerned for fear they couldn't compete with us for world markets. They thought we ought to divide up the world markets mar-kets so their countries could avoid economic depression and so that communism wouldn't take them over. The only answer I could find to that was that even our country doesn't produce enough yet to meet the needs of the people or what they would like to have. These backward countries are deficient. Our problem is to enable more people to get the things they want and to help these backward countries coun-tries to improve. In my humble judgment, we must use primarily our talents, primarily our ideas not our might and our machines but our skills and talents to help these other countries to duplicate economically and socially what we Mo see if through teamwork and' cooperation they can't produce something that the consumer will want more than the thing the thing the other fellow is producing. Our system has moved beyond its early stages. Now wc have seen a tremendous tremen-dous change in our country as a result of collective bargaining. We needed unions. The abuses in industry in-dustry were too rampant not to have the balancing effect of unions. un-ions. But in shaping legislation to protect the right to organize, our legislators completely removed any limitations on the right of labor to organize, with the result that today we have industry-wide national na-tional unions. Just this year we've witnessed two of the largest companies com-panies in the United States, General Gen-eral Motors and Ford, grant wage increases that were followed bv price increases. All of which indicates indi-cates union power may have reached reach-ed the point where they can secure economic concessions that take a disproportionate share of the pro gress that has been made at ex pense of consumers generally. i And it has even reached the point where young Henry Ford says publicly: "All the automobile companies have to get together as a unit, and we have to have an industry-wide organization to deal with the union organizations." That is his approach to it. In my book that would lead us down the road to cartelism some form of corporate state. I don't think the government of the United States the public, would permit the government gov-ernment to stand aside to allow a handful of men seven or r eight men in the automobile industry ' to determine wages, costs and prices without insisting that somebody some-body sit in to protect the public interest. In my judgment, this problem of concentration of labor power must be dealt with on the basis of making unions subject to the same laws that everybody is subject to and that all other organizations or-ganizations are subject to. We must either do that and thus retain re-tain a competitive society or we must resign ourselves to giving ourselves over to some form of cartelism or collectivism. Now this power I am talking about has complicated the agricultural agricul-tural situation because the farmer today as a consumer is not merely subject to price disparity, which comes about as the result of tariff protection for industry, but he is also confronted by an industrial pricing structure that reflects the growing imbalance of power in the collective bargaining relationship. A result is that the farmer has to pay higher and higher prices, and this is throwing the whole agriculture-labor-industrial cost structure struc-ture out. of balance, similar to the situation in the 20's. Let me again emphasize that I believe in unions properly managed. In my book, up to this point the good results of collective bargaining outweigh the bad. In my humble judgment, the president's program and the Secretary Secre-tary of Agriculture's program in dealing with the most urgent aspects as-pects of the agricultural problem falls far short of dealing with the fundamental issue. We will still have an agricultural problem as long as we duck the problem as we are ducking the problem of facing foreign trade policies that are realistic in the light of the fact that union power now exceeds the power of most individual compan- xes ox empiuyeia. I am not unrealistic enough to think that the political leaders can tackle the union problem without first facing up to the problem of excessive concentration of power in industry itself. We have a relatively rela-tively new form of economic concentration con-centration in this country today, one which the economists describe as "ligopoly." That is where two or three firms have such dominance domin-ance in an industry that they can shape the course of that industry and where the dispersion of economic econ-omic power in the basic industry involved is not sufficient to prevent pre-vent one or two firms from absolutely abso-lutely determining the economic character of the industry and its market. Now that is true in the automobile automo-bile business today. There is no question in my mind but that during dur-ing the past two or three years the automobile industry has been pursuing pur-suing policies that are contrary to the best interests of this country. The economic struggle that has been taking place between the two largest units in the automobile industry in-dustry on the basis of a sheer battle bat-tle for position has resulted in over production and the forcing of cars on dealers. Some dealers thus are being forced to engage in marketing market-ing practices that are destructive of the market and destructive of our very future. They have had to create forms of distribution called "bootlegging" that will ultimately destroy them unless they are stopped. stop-ped. And this has resulted from the fact that since the Ford renaissance renais-sance the policy in the automobile industry of determining the public interest and pursuing it has not prevailed. We have at the present time a deficiency in cooperation and we have an excess in competition, whereas you have to have a balance bal-ance of both in a free society if you are going to avoid excesses and abuses. We are witnessing the creation of situations where the government, or others, must step in to correct these excesses and abuses . . . and the government is already on the verge of stepping in. Note that presently there are two committees holding hearings on the automobile industry, the O'Ma-honey O'Ma-honey committee and the Mon-roney Mon-roney committee. I think this problem of "oligopoly" "oligop-oly" has to be faced before you the sheer weight of his being to overcome the disadvantages 0f mass and discontinuity." And I'll add envy to those disadvantages disad-vantages Dr. Malik cites. It has not yet dawned upon us how much is required to develop the kind of hu-manity hu-manity we need. I think the most penetrating article ar-ticle I have read on the future is the one ,in the December issue of Fortune by its editor, Henry Luce In speculating on 1980, Mr. Luce says: "Havisg not yet had time to learn to live and to think in one new economic world, we are already al-ready waking to another newer stranger, greater." He goes on: "The future of organization then must be at least a world-spanning future perhaps involving the moon and several planets as well, in "The Changing Face Of the Nation" (Continued from Page Five In my opinion, most people in the world envy us, and we need to approach ap-proach the problem more seriously serious-ly than we have been doing. I had a personal- experience in my life that leads me to appreciate the power of envy, the danger of envy. My grandparents were sent down into Mexico. They were poverty pov-erty stricken when they went down there, just as poverty stricken as the Mexicans among whom they went to live. But they and others, through work and knowledge, built dams, sawmills and other things to create relative prosperity for themselves. them-selves. They helped the Mexicans around them but the Mexicans didn't enjoy the benefits to the same extent because they hadn't put forth the same effort. Finally the Mexicans became so envious and so desirious to take over what had been built that thev drove our other words, the vast, complex subtle, flexible and efficient organization organ-ization for men and means in America today must become still more vast, complex, subtle, flexible and efficient." And then he says: "We need a restatement of Christian Chris-tian faith and a religion that unites the worlds of the spirit and science, and a clear concept of the problea I of man." Now these are the 'three things Mr. Luce says we need , above all. In this fabulous world of atomic i power and electronic control, ire must raise children who, to use President Eisenhower's words, "can blend without coercion & individual good with the pubic good," which, he adds, is the essential es-sential of citizenship in a free society. so-ciety. By self-denial in the midst of abundance we must help them to realize the truth of Helen Keller's statement that: "Not until we csa refuse to take without giving we create a society in which tie chief activity of man is the com- mon welfare. e must help ties to beware of those who have fervent fer-vent but false desire for the unfortunate unfor-tunate over whom they first gait mastery and then enslave." i,' Through the glorious principles of freedom as embodied in our is- ' spired Constitution, we must preserve pre-serve the nation's political and economic freedom that will produce pro-duce the individualism on wbici La cooperation depends. In the wors of Henry Ford, "it is individuals that makes cooperation possible." e You stop and think about that It wasn't weaklings who came cut te Ju the West and cooperated ar.i cos- C0 quered the West. It was the strrc? ari) men who had some capacity rt: ig came out and cooperated ani flE- cn quered the West. pie It is my experience that it is cooperation in the face of the t;- cia gest problems that makes ir.din:- sin ualism possible. We will need anc abundance of individualism and cer operation on a world scale to f-; fill our national destiny that obliterating all forms of t'-s bondage. To achieve our opportur.- , itios we must convince others tts- j we approach them as broL. enf Only thus may we prevent oc ,wt enemies from mobilizing the bam I of the rest of the world against u ends land substituting slavery f ft- ous present freedom and unh JJith I destruction for unimaginable F" been I gress. . ened I believe that while your to . trial growth in this area ww "i tremendous, your greatest !. duets will continue to bf h men. vour people. These poop children of today as they maturity, must be prepared toi-not toi-not only a Utah role or s m:' . role but a world role. Tlw , live tip to that ehallans u " fervent hope. " V. v people out. In the Gospel according to Matthew Mat-thew it is told that the Jews delivered de-livered the Christ because of their envy. Unless we take steps to help the rest of the world begin to duplicate dup-licate our progress, the Communists Commun-ists who seek to enslave us will use the envy of the world to mobilize mobil-ize substantial forces against us. In the discharge of its new world role, America must have men with world vision, men who can be as dedicated to helping build up economic econ-omic strength in nations throughout through-out the world as in their own country. coun-try. Let me reau you what the minister min-ister from Lebanon said recently. I think this is right to the point. He said: "In world affairs there are two serious handicaps which it is difficult for the United States to live down. In massiveness the Old World has a devided advantage advan-tage over the new both as to population pop-ulation and to sheer quantity in matter. In time, therefore, the Old World will certainly overtake vou on the material plane. The second disadvantage is that whereas there are cultural and racial continuities between the Soviet Union and the rest of Asia, there are no such continuities con-tinuities between the United States and Asia." This is one of the most destinv-shaping destinv-shaping facts in the world situation today. The only way for America to overcome these two disadvantages disadvan-tages is by concentration on quality- Then the United States needs to develop, Dr. Malik savs, "a typo of man who sums up in his character charac-ter such a quality of understanding understand-ing of humility, of truth, of moral stature, of strength and resourcefulness resource-fulness of mind, of pregnant ideas, of universal sympathy and friend-slup friend-slup and love as to enable him by ' 11 """"""" mn ,, , |