Show HOW ICE RIVERS ARE MADE A NATURE LESSON BY CHARLES JiAJtNARD Snow fulling on lop of ahigh mountain moun-tain may accumulate into heavy drifts More snow continually falling may press upon the old snow and It wSIl gradually turn Into Ice In time as more snowfalls snow-falls the lee slips down the mountainsides mountain-sides and forms In the valleys great rivers ri-vers of ice called glaciers Such a glacier forced down by the weight of new show behind It may till a valley several miles long till at lust Ft reaches warmer air in the lowlands and melts as fast as It advance1 llowlnrj away in a stream of white ice waiter I + Get a piece of Ice from lihe I refrigerator refrigera-tor and examine It We can break it into Irregular fragments having sharp f edges If we try to bend a piece we find it will break but will not bend Should we visit a glacier or look at a good photograph ot a glacier we would observe that the valley may be very crooked and that the solid river of Ice bends and twists about as if It were so much soft dough How can t river of I Ice turn a sharp corner when ice Is a brittle solid that will not bend If we want to know anything about nature the = beat plan Ms to perform an experiment Get a pail or basket and about a yard of stove wire Pass the wire through the I handle of the pail and twist the ends together to form a loop Then place two tables of the slime height side by side leaving a space nine Inches wide between them Ask the Iceman Ice-man to cut a block of Ice twelve Inches long and six Inches thick and wide Rest this on the two tables to form a bridge between them Not lift one end and bill the wire loop over it reeling It on the middle of the block The pall supported sup-ported by the wire Will now hang under the Ice Place a pan under it to catch the drip from the Ice and put a llatiron in the pail for weight Presently we shall see the Ice behave in the most surprising manner Gradually Gra-dually the wire prcscd on the ice by the weighted pall will sink into the lee As it sinks deeper we feel suit It will cut the ic 1 In two pieces and pail Ice and all will fall As the wire sinks deeper wrj make a discovery The ice Is being chi but docs not break At last the wire passes clear through the leD and the pail falls The block of Ice appears to be as whole as ever the two parts having frozen together It recon seiled Place the Ice in a pail and with a hammer break It Into small pieces Shako the pall lo prove the lumps are loose Then lay a plate on the broken Ice and placea HalIron on the plate In twenty minutes take the plate off and 1 the broken lumps of Ice will be found j frozen recongealed together Into an Irregular Ir-regular mass of Ice These experiments are the key to the winding glacier Years ago many people did not believe a glacier Mowed down a valley To prove it did a man of science in Switzerland Swit-zerland set up a row of stakes on a glacier gla-cier In a straight line across the top of the ice In a few days the line of stakes was bent down stream proving that the olld ice did How down and that like so much water the middle moved faster > than the two sides next the edge of the valley The top of the glacier Is 1 always full of deep and dangerous dan-gerous cracks Many travelers have lost their lives l by falling Into the cracks In the lee Ihe cracks tell us that the Ice continually breaks In Its slides down lime valley and recongcals again It is this continual caking apart and freezing freez-ing together again that enables the apparently ap-parently solid and continuous stream of ice to pass around the corners of the valley Sometimes two glaciers meet and congeal together and form a new larger and yet solid glacier The Immense Im-mense weight of ice in a glacier that Is a hundred feet deep also helps to press and squeeze the ice around sharp corners cor-ners Very great pressure may make the ice appear to be plastic like soft lead and yet It may only IK the breaking break-ing and econ elllnlr of minute crystals crys-tals of ice that give It this appearance of flowing water under great pleasure So by lltlle things we learn the meaning of great things I I ac b r 7 I 5 1 r 1 c a I s r I q M J t 4 qj r 5 r 1 rib u L I r t I 1 f t P v I 1 I i r I r f < AA ti rrerir l 4c JTho Ice Will Form Into a Solid Lump S t l S |