Show 0 t t l F 1 t F t 4 I 5 be n A t tn y Y r rY r lo 1 and her w S i Y r iF hl st ft w wr AR r fit t 4 3 i rt of h P Dealt PecA streaming a R Scotch bag bagpiper bagpiper bagpiper piper reeling off The Tho Campbells COLORS Are Coming and the whistles ofa of ofa a hundred craft mingling with the detonation of ot saluting cannon from the tho fortresses around Greater New ew York the nonmagnetic survey surrey yacht Carnegie re slipped out of New York harbor on Its world which has bas for Its purpose the correcting of t e compasses at the principal observatories of ot the world orld This cruise Is given under udder the th auspices of the Carnegie Carn le t Washington and before belore the Carnegie returns re returns returns turns from her trip those scientists S aboard her ber will have determined the magnetic I conditions of ot the waters of ot the world The Carnegie Is the first fint vessel built in which iron steel and other magnetic metals have hare little or no BO part With the exception of thin liners in the cylinders of the bronze Internal com coin comb In b engine and the steel cams necessary necessary sary to operate the valves aggregating less than no magnetic metals were used hi in the construction of this trim and deep seaworthy f little ship As the Carnegie will have bave to weather many storms In the deep of the th world It was determined to construct her of the very tery best bost materials that could be obtained It was necessary nece ry to combine the finish and fine workmanship lavished upon a yacht with the sturdy strength of ot ofa a n merchant ship tier ller principal dimensions dimen dimensions are Length over all nil feet teet length on load water line 18 feet 8 inches beam molded 33 feet teet depth of hold bold 12 19 1 feet 0 D with a n mean draft of 12 1 feet t t inches l and nod a displace displacement ment of tons with stores and equip equipment went ment aboard tier Her lines Unes ure fair and easy eRsy running in an unbroken sweep from stem to stern and her model shows power and seaworthy qualities of ot pronounced type Her lIer beauty has teen been e n enhanced by handsome of t gold Agold leaf leat and altogether sheds she is the prettiest craft that tint ever evor sailed from this harbor where palatial yachts are wont to rendezvous So staunch is this tha little ship that it might be well to describe In lu detail her construction The scantling employed in inthe inthe the construction of her bull is of the same sam dimensions as that required by bJ th thAt thAT the theAt At mean Driest n Bureau of Shipping for mer mercha merchant hat chant cha t marine of ot equal tonnage The keel stem stern post and frames and dead deadwood wood are of white oak the deck beams planking and ceiling of or yellow yellowpine yellowpine yellowpine pine and the deck of ot length len th comb com grained Oregon pine The fastenings fast con consist consist slat of ot locust tree nails balls copper and Tobin bronze bolts and composition spikes all nil through bolts riveted over o er rings both In Inside side and outside All AU metal deck fittings metal work on spars and rigging are or of bronze copper and gun metal The vessel Tessel has full sail power with a n brigantine rig carrying nearly 1000 square feet of plain sail her spar plan measuring lr feet teet from foremast truck to the water surface and feet from the forward end of the bowsprit to the after end of the main boom The dis distance distance distance tance from the forward end of the bow bowsprit bowsprit sprit to the forward end of the load loaa water line is 48 43 feet teet from the forward end of the load water nater line to the fore foremast foremast foremast mast 35 3 feet and from the foremast to the mainmast 48 43 feet reet The hemp used aboard her was made in lu Russia and was especially prepared for this cruise Due care calC has been given to the con construction construction construction of the machinery for the Car Carnegie Carnegie Carnegie negie For the purpose of maneuvering ma the vessel Tessel in port and in crowded road roadsteads roadsteads roadsteads or during a n calm at sea an auxiliary power plant consisting of a n six cylinder internal combustion engine capable of or developing 1 5 indicated horsepower at 3 revolutions a minute which driving driving ing lag a feathering propeller of ot special de do design d sign gives g es the vessel Tessel a speed of ot at least six knots in calm weather The engine is constructed of or and other bronzes The engine Is driven by gas generated In a n producer gas plant with a capacity for gasifying ISO pounds of ot pea peak coal an hour producing a fixed well cleaned gas J possessing SO 60 per cent of the heat units possessed by coal conk With 25 23 tons of coal In her bunkers hunkers the Carnegie has a 1 radius of 2000 miles mlles at atan atan atan an average speed of ot six knots So much mach for or the physical detail of the Carnegie Carnele The quarters for tor the officers crew and members of the scientific expedition expedition expedition aboard are fitted with nil all the mod modem modern modera em ern and elaborate fittings to be sound round on Oil the tM most palatial yachts of the world Nothing has been omitted that t might I tend to hamper the men meu engaged In to this i I Iy y Yi Sp e k R 3 AlO ff Je e o y m A r hi 10 w 11 c a or ur ascertaining the thet agnette t conditions that have haTe heretofore proved so tattling to t the navigators of nil all countries A little than four lour years ago the Carnegie Institution undertook the tir task of making a se les of magnetic burleys With Dr L A Bauer installed as director tx department 0 terrestrial terrestria magnetism was organized Dr Bauer nag i formerly In charge of the survey suncy conducted by the Const Coast and Geo Geodetic detic Surrey Survey The first step stell was to make a n magnetic I survey ey of ot the Pacific Ocean where only shore observations had been taken along the coast and on some of the Islands since the notable voyages of ot the Challenger and the tho Gazelle a It German ex expedition of more than thau 30 SO years yearn ye ago Ob lib serrations were mode made from the converted wooden craft the Galilee which between August An 1 I 1005 and 81 31 mui mud 1 three successive voyages in the Pacific tracing the Great Circle Route Houte by zig zigzagging zigzagging zagging in and out of the Islands and all tho the points left uncovered by bythe bythe bythe the Challenger length of or these cruises amounted td t more than rilles riles Alaska was the post most north northerly northerly northerly erly point visited by bv the Galilee and aud Lyt Lyttleton Lyttleton Lyttleton New cw Zealand was the most mo t south southerly southerly erly W J Peters who commanded the Galilee is likewise In charge of the Car nesle negle It was the experience of those aboard tho the Galilee that only a n nonmagnetic I yacht would be he adaptable for this work wort rand and lI d It was through the generosity of An Andrew Andrew Andrew drew Carnegie that tho the of If tho the yacht bearing his hta hi name naDle became pus pos possible sible The work to be done is of such sucha a delicate nature that only a boat of or the type of the Carnegie could coull engage in It For Instance there are aro three classes of observations to be made the magnetic declination or variation of ot the compass needle ne dle the dip of the needle towards the magnetic pole and the force Lorce acting on o a am m needle The latter is deter determined determined determined mined for example by timing the swing of the compass needle with chronometer and by the method of ot observations te h known as ns deflections defections From this it can cnn be seen how bow delicately the ship to engage In this work must be constructed v 3 t r S S j t r Cern re I COP w 4 Y r i y When the scientists of the world are through dissecting the data brought to them by Commander Peaty Peary and Dr Fred Frederick erick A Cook new light may be shed on the magnetic conditions at nt that Pole When the set forth on her crul cruise e those aboard nb rd her were wore working on the presumption that the tho earth is a great grent magnet It has bas two magnetic ma poles like Ike all magnets but iut because it is isa isa Isa a spherical magnet manet these poles are both buth near the earths center and practically equidistant from every point on the earths surface The he points where the magnetic axis of ot the earth e rth intersects intersects the are known as ns the magnetic poles They do not net coincide e with the true truo pole but lut are approximately distant about 1000 miles from them The magnetic needle of the compass is Influenced by these poles and it is a most fortunate fact for polar explorers that they are located where they are because the compass comp ss Is their only guide back to civilization as it is claimed that all astronomical methods fail rail at the true poles to point out some definite direction It is an fact that the tile mag magnetic magnetic netie poles of ot the tite earth parth are movable mmble It has been proved that at certain spots because of this tl s the compass needle changes a as much as five degrees decrees d rees In Ina a century In some parts of the tho world this deflection is as great as 10 degrees in a hundred years It is Js at only a n few tew places In the world that the tho compass needle points due north It generally bears rs a few tew degrees to the east enst pr west of the true north n rth As the compass is brought nearer to the magnetic poles potes It become becom more mort and more fickle and sod at times so unreliable that the explorer or ua i ator is hard burd put to ascertain his true bearings OJ P 0 c t c Jc a P It is the purpose of the Carnegie scientists iris I to tale take observations at every point 01 of the globe and then prepare charts showing how the compass points in all parts of the world and to what bat extent it changes at a given point frog r year to year jear ear Itcan It can readily re dlly be seen Inestimable In 1 estimable value these charts will wills be to navigators explorers and surveyors sur the world over Observations will also be made upon which can be based data datil showing the tile various yarl us variations of ot the dip of the needle in the dip circle in various points on the tho globe The Carnegie Institute of ot Washington which Is financing this expedition is a n corporation founded by Andrew Carnegie ID III 1002 for the meat ment in the broadest sense of Investigation research and discovery aid Id the application of ot knowledge to the Improvement of ot man mankind kind It is controlled by a board boord of trustees to whom Mr r CarnegIe has turned over in all an nn endowment fund of or An executive committee controls its affairs af at affairs fairs this committee being chosen from the members of ot the board of ot trustees I Dr William H U Welch of the Johns Hop flop Hopkins kins kin University at Baltimore is chairman of the executive committee committee the other members including John Billings Cleve Cieve Cleveland land II n Dodge Dr S Weir Mitchell William B n Parsons Elihu Root Charles CharlesP P Walcott and Robert Bobert S E Woodward There are arc upward of OO scientists sel employed em m in research work under the Institutions Institutions auspices and in all nil tea ten great grent de departments departments departments have hate been founded These are made nade up of ot botanical research economies and sociology experimental evolution geophysical laboratory historical re research research research search marine biology meridian astron astronomy astronomy astronomy omy terrestrial magnetism solar observatory observatory observatory tory and ond nutrition laboratory In charge of ot each department depart nt is a specialist whose name tiame stands boldly forth as the most scholarly and best adapted man for his bis particular line of ot work wort In addition to the ten major departments depart departments departments ments numerous special investigations and ud researches are being carried on by individuals and these hese have baye been subsidized d zed Work in iri di almost every fi Geld ld of research from archeology a and aad ad tc to thermodynamics and zoology has bas been pursued and aDd the tile geographical range of toe tile work west leas bag Ii bees t ed to 90 10 coun countries tries The rhe of o tb the affairs of this most moat comprehensive falls UI upon OO Ute the ef of R It RS i S Woodward who at present is busily engaged in is preparing pre preparing paring a palatial p lame home for fogy the executive offices of the l and too where the books and aad ao records will a Ilse tee be stored This chis new borne home will cost coat It is rapidly nearing and aad is III un unequaled unequaled unequaled equaled In la every every detail for tb the purpose for r which it is fa designed |