Show I Ho Machinery Has Hai Made Wars Last Much Lon Longer er ON long present world war last V That Is the tho Question uppermost In nIl all minds and and- andon on all tongues practically tho world over A review o of history shows that all the most momentous clashes or of arms have resulted In long I wars and indications seem to bo be today toda that the tho present conflict may prove pro to be no exception In the ages b waged an Int tent conflict with I France known as the tho hundred years war while the corresponding conflict between be be- tween England and Scotland may be said to have bave been a five century one Civil ar var in in England lasted from 1642 to 18 1660 years cars contemporaneous con con- part of the time with the thirty years war Which divided all Germany Into two opposIng camps It found the empire with a population lation lallon ot of and left It with less than with a loss ot of wealth from Crom which the tho nation had but recovered at the outbreak out out- break of at the present world war In III the next con con- tUr fury Germany A 1 was to suffer from r Fredericks Frederick's seven years cars war Other long conflicts of tho and cen cen- tunes were various succession wars notably those for the Orleans succession to the Palatinate 1686 Ii 07 the Spanish succession 1700 13 the period or of Marlborough's vl the succession Jj all and the Austrian succession But DUl even those protracted campaigns C were NI T t f Kr r dwarfed b by the t e war ar which Napoleon may be said to have waged for tor nearly 20 years cars with all Europe and with the tho sa same e world as Is now being pursued b by his present day pinch beck Imitator In that colossal conflict I England took n a prominent a protagonist part by sea and land and in the tho Iberian peninsula alone aone more especially waged what was very nearly another seven years war The next considerable war after aCter a 11 lon long peace was that of oC the tho Crimea which lasted about two years ears but was ont only a great ono one not so BO much In political which results were almost nil nil-as in Its records of oC BrItish heroism and endurance The Tho civil war wal In America which lasted four years ears 1861 to minus three days dad was mo mo- momentous from Crom every point or of view This fratricidal fratricidal conflIct cost more than halt half a million lives liveson on both sides thou though h the tho forces In the tho field were we're were nothing in like so vast ast as now The civil war In AmerIca was toll followed in owed owed-In hy by the Austrian campaign In lie lie- hernia hemin which may ma- mabo bo be said to have lasted only seven beven weeks since ince A ri a was completely brought to terms lIy by her ber first crushing detent defeat at The rho logical sequel to the Prussian war or of with AustrIa was the German one ot of 1870 with France which was all over In about seven se months though indeed tt It may be said to have ha been heen practically decided In less than one month month-at Sedan the rest of the tho time being but buta a lon lon drawn n agony on of oC fighting despair on the tho part of the vanquished This comparatively quick smashing down both or of the Austrians and the thu French was mainly due to lack ot of organization and on the tho part ot of the tho defeated At the conclusion of at these two conflicts as Charles Lowe points out In the tho London Illustrated News war now showed a decided tendency to be shorter than especially before war on a large scale as was to bo be again shown In the tho Russo Turkish campaign or of 1817 which lasted only somo Bomo nine months and the Russo Japanese War ot of r of oC which the duration was about a year whereas the South African war had dragged on for tor over two and n l halt half years for very lory specIal reasons including in in- eluding the element ot of vasty space veldt which was a against the British But now the tendency Is again all In the reverse or old direction says Mr Lowe that Is toward long drawn wars and for Cor the reasons rea rea- sons that tactics It if not nol strategy have o been revolutionized revo revo- by modern Inventions War Vax ot of movement has practically been bean r r- r placed place by bp wa war of oC position with trenches antI and subterranean sub sub- strongholds the tho functions ot of cavalry cavar y have been Leen encroached upon b by aviators who ar arnow are arenow now not only the 0 of eyes their own army but also aso agents or of Sodom and Gomorrah to theIr opponents machinery is now almost as much a means mean of oC carrying on war as men the role of artillery has been immensely enhanced submarInes have o completely altered the conditIons ot of naval warfare war war- fare troops are now so 80 well fed Ced and clothed and cared for Cor that disease has practically practIcal ceased to decimate armies as it always did before and in fn port hort victory will now incline to the tIlO side with the biggest numbers the longest purse and the most mon enduring nerves |