OCR Text |
Show DAIRY AND POULTRY. INTERESTING ' CHARTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. Saw ImmmIiI Tirautt OptnW Deartaoal tela a to lli 4 Paultry. . Htot InporlMl ( TMi tki Yerai A Turn at Ut ttlwk Cara - Oaa Thhif la Datryla. T the present time, the uyjst important In item Ingle lalring. Is the of cows, writes Prof. W. N Cook in Jersey Bulletin. Thi may lertlng ing. rapid seem a simple matter. but If rightly conducted, its in- fliiejireJ far reacheasy, the present of method cheap With and testing milk, by the Babcock teat, no one ran afford to be ignorant of the butter rapacity of his cows. First, as to the method of testing. and then as to its advantages The milk of rows, whether taken separately or In herds. Is constantly varying from day to day. and from milking to milking, these variations usually falling within an extreme range of one per cent. In addition, the milk Is gradually growing richer, from the time the cow calves until it dries up. To overcome these variations, a cow should be tested for at least four consecutive milkings, and eight milkings are still better. This Is easily done, ' tty mixing samples of the different milkings and making one test of the mixed sample. To get an average test, for the whole milking period, two tests can be made, one aix weeks, and tha other, aix montha aftr calving. The average of these two, pill closely approximate tie average quality of the " milk given during the year. If but a single test it to be made, the samples should be taken toward the end of the fourth month after calving. It will be necessary to know the weight of milk given, and this can be learned Just as accurately, by weighing the milk the first and fifteenth of each ivonth, as by weighing every day. The real labor of doing all this weighing and testing, is much less than would be Imagined, by one who has never tested cows. Having now the weights and tests, what use ran be made of them? In every herd, there are some cows better than others. Testing enables the owner to weed out his herd successfully, to get rid of the unprofitable cows, 'and !. Cattle Condition. ts The following letter from T, R P 1 uert, an low atockxian, will ba read with Interest by many feeder, lfi that neath the skin. The youag maggots renother states, says Live stock R and which they the fruit, grow within Js'o doubt the conditions port when wal6 der worthless, sad e therein will apply over a broad nl sB(1 from the . apple emerge of the feeding district In the first ground, lying in the pupa state the grass place young cattle are Very scare. he the surface soil among tuchea freest in twenty-fiv- e years roots. Samples ofthe earth, six of own knowledge. Everything i oa number the and were taken, square a cord- - feed, from yearlings up, and there bave maggots under the trees varied than not beep nearly enough cauls to mg to the size from 1.S00 to moresome- I Undated strongly for the ground 12 000 under each tree, the pupae to feed of wheat, t feeders of my neighborhood kernels what resembling corn, Now come the point which was par- - j cattle, and consume this cheap ,h8t The ex- (even If they bad to go to the me to ticularly Intetestmg - for their many which poula whether good u feeder, as perl merit was tried tj0Ut nd that ia how we ha try if confined to a small range our usual number of cattle on would destro) s to ratch, eneouraged rut A large movable wire here. But right here is where tji these pupae. 111411 whose mure in rumes not will There be fence was placed about a ties run fruit had been destroyed !v insects. aalf our usual number of cattle to tliat and of here raised from out this t11 was fall, the One side of the fence about fifty hens were called into the 'rom now on we usually ran oM attle Why, I used to buy from tliree The fence was let down enclosure tattle the to space Confined to were six, eight, tea or twelve cart of and they wod had as and soon half of the they per week, around the tree As eaten the corn they naturally began to oe gravs cattle, but I do not know ol sernt b for the pupae, aud in the course where I would get a sing! I041 not of three or four days It was found that griss cattle in my territory bo that the latter bad disappeared As these sven feeders, let alone cattle untl1 P 1881 from state do would From the to in pupae ship. Insects remain the the fall of the apple to the following last fall everybody cut and sUsbed It may be cittle, especially the she stuff, calves, when appear they spring, your expected that nxt year the number bulls and everything. You kao shortof files breeding the apple maggot will selves how it was: and whel raib8 be greatly diminished In the loialities age come you cant breed nd market d From perfollow for is them cattle andtet where Ibis plan ready sonal experience extending over many In six months as you can with 'l'gs-AI regard the situation it vould acem years, 1 can speak positively of the fowls and of as allowing though there would be plent5 advantage tat cattle for this summer n1 ebb kens a free range In apple orchards They not only manure the soil looking at it without careful ithdy. Me and destroy all Insects hai boring In It, are getting only forty to fifty thousand cattle per week in Chlcagd BliW a tnt they find, for some weeks, a t0 food own of tlieir told, whereas we used to get proportion windfalls, which they devour eighty thousand per week fw yearsgreedily, with any grubs they may con- ago. We havq Just gone through a petain. The raising of poultry for sale rlod of three years of hard ties- 1'iSt may ba much more advantageously year was presidential elect!- - That carried on where the land Is made to is out of toe way now and !erylhlng y, apples and Is teglnuing to move along re even prod ue two eggs Than where only um is gathered. ly. Times are getting bells' ln east, and gradually moving this way; more men going to workery day, Hatter Vraads. re de and wil gradually k A few years ago 1 spent some time mand for the products fro now on In ferreting out the black pepsin butunless I miss my guess. Then there ter swindle, says Milo Baldwin, in the will be a quargreat demand fro Otsego Farmer, and now, here comes ters right along for young cattle to go Its twin brother, the electric churn, on to grasr and on to corn In short, which originates Its own electricity, by a better consumptive demand on th the aid of which, you can churn in one one Bide and a better demud for feedminute, without regard to the temperaon etock the other. R do 1(K)k ture or condition of the cream. But ing to me there wont be an? too many the greatest saving claimed, is In the cattle for this summer and fall the quantity and quality of the butter. The market to go into consumption. 1 "One hun descriptive circular says: could a good many Bore reasons dred pounds of milk contains fourteen for give so, but think I have covthinking, pounds of solid matter, consisting of ered the main part of th ground. 01 course we will have fluctuations, but the tendency will be for the better, especially when the cattle now on feed are out of the way. tarks of this Insect I 15,8 matrt state this Insect a fly, which deposits beIts eggs In the pulp ot the apple ' CshtWlM of Orchards. If orchard are to he profitable, the u WISE MEN OF CHINA, must receive as good care other crops, STUDY PHILOSOPHERS FOR ALL Good tillage increases the available THEY ARE WORTH. food supply of the soil; R also cob. serve moisture- - - Trees should be made to send their thn They'ro Rappoud to Knew A ad It tha Eapcror ffa,U a Man to Baa a roots deep Into the soil, In order to forBlnabwt tha fbUoohcr Is CaUod tify themselves against drought. This is dons by draining the soil and by Oa to Do It. plowing the orchard rather deep. This deep plowing should begin the (Special Letter.) very year the treee are eet and ii HE Chinese are a should be continued every spring unp e o p le ambitious til the habit of the tree Is estabfor literary honors. lished. They seek knowlMoisture is retained in the upper soli edge from the writby very frequent but shallow tillage: ings of Confucius by means of which the surface of th and other ancient land becomes a mulch for the soil p h 1 losopbers, and have not, in the Tillage should be begun Just as soon past, laid stress on, as the ground is dry enough in spring. what may be styled This tillage should be repeated aj the practical side often as once in ten days through growuf edneatiom the side that enables one season from until ing spring July or to use to advantage that which he August, one to Tillage should not exist for the pur- has acquired, and that incites most of kind the knowledge acquire of pose killing weeds. Late cultivation may be Injurious by likely to be of use. A Chinese young man of ambition Inducing a late growth. At all event The It can be of small utility when the tre tries to pass an "examination. begins to mature and rains become fra. examination halls at Foochow would quent. This season of respite gives ths probably cover some six or eight acres, A grower the opportunity of raising a situated in the hpart of the city. street runs to the from the long gate green manure, and of adding fertility examination hall to his land at trifling expense and with main or middle In this building the various officials no harm to his trees. Fall plowing may be advisable for sit, and receive for comparison, essays presented by students. Half way from farm crops, but not for orchards. Only cultivated crops should be al- end to end, this street Is arched by a lowed in orchards early In the season guard tower, some fltfy feet In height, Grain and hay should never be grown, and about the grounds four other In general, level culture is best. Th guard houses are situated. Running off from the main street modern cultivators and harrows make spoken off, are 200 aisles, in each of such cultivation easy. Trees, especially apples, are often which are fifty or morO cells three by trained too high, because of difficulty oi four feet, with seat in bak, and slidworking close; but modern tools permit ing board which is put in place after the student ha taken his position, and the head to be made low. serves as a desk. Thus there Is acHarnesses with no projecting hamee nor metal turrets should be used in comodations for about 10,000 students. The first degree a man may obtain at bearing orchards. Those requiring no any of the smaller towns; for the secwhlffietrees are also useful. Potash is the chief fertilizer for fruit ond, he must go to the "Foo or capital of his province. On the first day of trees, particularly after bearing. Potash may be had In wood ashes, these competitions the various scholand muriate of potash. An annual ap- ars arrive at the examination halls, plication of potash should be mads and in passing through the entrance Of the muri- gate, each is presented with a slip of upon bearing orchards. ate from 500 to 700 pounds to the acre paper containing the subject upon Barn manures can be used with goo which he is to write an essay, and the number of aisle and cell he is to ocresults, particularly on old orchards. Cultivation may be stopped late ! cupy. On finding the proper location the season, and a crop can then bk the student is locked in by the guard sown upon the land. This crop may on duty and is then seated in a cell serve as a cover or protection to th three by four feet, with solid stone Prof. I work on three sides, while the front soil, and as a green manure is open to the alley-wawith a dead H. Bailey In Stark Bros. Orchard wall opposite which forms the back of the next line of cells. He remains In this cell three days and two nights, Growing Blackberries. In a soli reclaimed for timber ani cooking all his food on a small charhe has brought with affording sufficient moisture, viz: not coal stove, which and coal being proStandard V ar Idles of Chickens. subject to drought, blackberries will him, provisions, vided every morning by friends, Leghorns. Leghorns it the betA do well. Most 'people plant them toe the guard. through and ds the close In beginning they d known of the varieties sting la dismissed and may go he Then six feet Rows ar not grow. apart or Mediterranean class. They are ths few days, after which he home for a If the cannot wide. ground premiers in laying and tk standard by none too which the profllcacy ofkher breeds is be spared one may for a year or two returns and again goes Into the cell. or better,, potgtpes or This completes the examination; the Judged.- - pf - the origlsA-thLeghorn cultivate, qorn. fowl there are differ ekes of opinion, bush beans between the rows. Th papers are handed to the censors, and Is the red rust, at the end of a week or so the result and there is but litth Information to greatest drawback on o account be per- is announced on big placards. Not should which be found anywhere concerning thedi one time, out of 10,000, to get a foothold. These mitted pass; many conceded early history. It k generally plants grow very rapidly, bu) only 120 students were successful. that a race of fowk bearing a close re- are easily pulled up. Every bit of rusi "Successful students are at once lionsemblance in many respects to the Legmust be burned as soon as seen. Oi ized. Banquets are spread In their horn has existed lo Italy and othex weather Just before honor, they become men of much imvery course, dry parts of the Continent of Europe for a or in fruiting will be disastrous. When portance. They may go to Pekin, the long period. That this race of fowls the are well up cultivation of China, where they may plants has been widely disseminated admits should be by horse or band hoe. As capital study for the third degree, and If sucalso of little doubt, inasmuch as at ths soon as possible after the plant are cessful In this also are "expectant offpresent day the breed ia known In Den- well started a good mulch of wet straw icials. They receive no compensation mark and other countries as Italian should be applied. This, when done but their names There seems to be good ground for th properly, need not hinder the growth from the government, If a list, and a vacancy ocon are put statement that Leghorns were first In of potatoes for a year or two. SubIs called to fill it. these of one curs, troduced into America from Italy. Tha sequently the bushes will have to be are supposed to be prepared to story goes that as early as 1834 a ves cut back severally to admit of horse They lead an army, command a man of war, el from Leghorn, Italy, brought to cultivation. or rule a province, and yet they have this country as a part of Its Cargo a teally only passed such an examina- small shipment of fowls, which were at Water Cud bv Plante. onco named "Leghorns. They ImmeWe cannot well overestimate the Imdiately became popular, their prolific portance of water to the plant All art laying and nonsitting qualities being acquainted with the fact that green Whit plants, if cut and dried in the Bun, lose recognized at this early .date. and Brown Leghorns were the first va- much of their weight They are largerieties known. Modern breeders art ly composed of water. Thus 100 pound! responsible for seme of the of meadow hay contains from sixty tc of the breed, and, in point of color eighty pounds of water; 100 pounds oi at least, exhibition birds of today, even red clover about eighty-si- x pounds oi of the older varieties, vary considerwater, while our garden plants, such ably from those seen at the present lettuce, cucumbers and cabbage, contime in Italy. The Leghorn fowl hold tain from ninety-fiv- e to ninety-eigthe same place among poultry that th pounds of water to the hundred. Th AT Jersey holds among cattle. The quesseeds of plants do not contain so mucb EXAMINATION HALL tion of profit la poultry, has been de- water as the leaves and stems. When cided in favor of breed well dried, wheat, oats and rye con- tion as might tie held in this country They are lively, active, and of a rest- tain about 14 per cent each, while In- on the writings of Carljle or the less deposition, the best of foragers, dian corn contains about 11 per cent poems of. "Shelley. and wt'i pick up a good part of their of water. Inirg ibimyjthe year. Leghorns are SOME QUEER FLORIDANS. Good Growth fetops Disease. Tht light ,r. m and th cost of raising thi that aturity is about one-liagreat drawback to the prest nt late sea- 4atnjiilfl Wliic li Hue C uriuuft luterest if Hi- it ic varieties. They mature son Is that all sorts of fungous diseases for M.m. ,. ,er quickly, the pullets of- have done more damage than In a seaOn the borders of the Everglades jou W. The ten '"tmeg when 4 month old, son like that of He often see a late ytllow yuder. K, ,'i row at ths same ag. pearlies has been especially destructive, swings a strong w rii from two plianc in trees old on A Soil, ) poor she ii 'i'o ,i notably beri layers, averaging twigs on each side of a purii or clear n I n ,imi 2 o eggs per year. Their large grower said the othejuay that, apace of ground and wait fur his prey. own orchards, he ire white in color, and weigh judging from his The web ts in the shaiie of a liammoek, to the pound.- As table fowls would say that the difference in ferand tapers at each end to a fine point, be told could the difference by fsirly good. By many they are tilizing quite broad In the middle. The though curl-leaf, in or, other words, in one excfllent. The only thing in of the owner seems to orchard where hq had fertilized freely bright color c.1,1 be $a,d against them is that out for destruction he is him mark curl-lea- f, no but In had he practically t'uv are smU in size. Altogether, defined against the wlilte sand tin v are on of the most profitable another orchafd where fertilizing had clearly Or dead leaves, and you wonder what the curl-lea- f done was been not very breed-- of that can be kept upon bad. Ex. he would do for defense In ease qf atthe and the cheapness of their tack. Approach quietly and he watches Vet pm, wtUeiiow the raising of two ACentury Plant. A press djspatch you intently. ,Now raise your hand L glue ns for the cost of one Asiatic. from Washington says: "A century suddenly, and he will disappear. While Thn hum be warmly housed In winter that has been in the White you are wondering what became of him plant to lay well tad to protect their pendu- conservatories at least 60 years you see a first blur where he had been, jiouse lous wattles from frostbite. is about to bloom tor the first time, then several spiders, then you catch of the yellow ball you noand Gardener Fister is watching it It does pa f dairymen to raise good anxiously. He expects the bloom to sight again ticed at first Repeat the performance first-claheiti - alv cows. appear In about two montha. Th cen- knd the stage effect is renewed. The from Even he dairymen who are Ih the dead plant was at the White House disappearance is absolute there can be whhl of tripping milk to supply the tury when Gardener Fister went there, no doubt about it and the little maNew York trade have found that out twenty-on- e year ago, and he was gician trusts to it entirely for his proIn Drang eounty, N. T., the tuoet prostold that it had been In the President How is it done? As soon as perous dairymen now raise the promisHe tection.threatened 1 starts the vibrahothouse forty years previously. Is he ing calves, about la seventy year thinks the plant tions of his airy hammock; these beand says It will die after R come too rapid for the eye to follow, Put faro machinery and implement! old, ' blooms. , in good repair before storing them to he vanishes. As these become slower ' winter, dona. you see a blur, and then several spiders Happiness Is Just beyond duty it, - did.-itn- s -tha - cruiot-namel- sub-variet- YVHI.TE LEGHORN COCK. milk of the offspring, has been but little studied, and offers a fruitful field for investigation. The owner of a herd of rows, of his own breeding, will be able to trace many lines pf influence, from parent to offspring, and tojiute, not only those that are prepotent but equally important, to determine prepotency for evil. The man who ia BtcniBtUidly testing his cows, soon begins to note the relation between food and milk flow to know his rows Individually, as to whu h ones will make suitable return for increased feed. He bag brought knowledge to bear on many questions that were previously indefinite, and the result can not fail to ba increased rommeulul a well as intellectual profit, Poultry In Orchard. Mr, Tegetmeler, the famous English .authority on poultry, tn commenting on a report of the Rhode Island experiment station regarding the value of - fowls to orchards, says: For many years I have- - advocated the Introduction of poultry Into apple orchards, maintaining that , they do good service, in two very distinct modes first, by manuring the ground, and, secondly, by the destruction of Insects snd grubs that hibernate In th 'sail, . The apple maggot appears to be attending in America, attacking th Raid win, which Is to well known as being Imported largely Into this country, and rer dering it entirely unfit tor use. but the spraying the tree with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green - has apnea red to prevent all serious at-fa-vo- 8h Saved a lachttni? Party. When a small catboat put out at Winthrop beach a tew days ago it was y, red-tinge- d to know which ones are paying the beat returns for their food. With this knowledge at hand, the dairyman has a powerful aid to correct breeding The Influence of the dam, and partlcu ktrly the sire, on the quality of the s fr e B " th-r- egg-pro- SINGLE-COM- as the eye catches him at different ha points of his swing, until finally rest before you. -- Haunting the rookeries erf the birds In the southern part of the peninsula Is a large blue crab. He make a hole In the ground, usually under a log, and when he hears a noise elevate his head and protrudes his eyes" with startling effect. He is sbl to take care of himself, for his pincers are powerful, and his shell Is hard he is often as large as a saucer. There la perpetual war between him and the birds. He aanders among the nests t night and appropriates the bits of fish left hy the nestlings, and the young themselves if he can find a mother off her guard. But he has to be sly or he is killed by the stroke of a bayonet bill, and eaten in his turn. When the plume hunters hare driven off or destroyed the parents of a rookery these crabs swarm out and devour the Orphan young in short order. But while the mothers are allowed to do their duty the crabs are Ideal scavengers, and devour the refuse-awell as the Insects that Infest the bird cities. Their bright colors, like those of the tiger, make them less dangerous than their appetites would otherwise be. One of the most beautiful shell found along our coast is that of a large snail which climbs certain trees and grows delicately fat on the young birds. The shell Is as thin as tissue paper, oddly curved and almost as transparent as the finest glass. It belongs to the family of edible snails so prized as a delicacy on the coast of France, and if properly prepared makes a delicious dish. It is most abundant about New River Inlet, where the slight bhake of A tree about sunset will bring a shower of them to the ground. The breakage of a shell seems to be of little trouble to the snail he repairs the damage ana moves on. Jacksonville (Fla.) Citizen. four pounds of oleo, found pounds of casing, four pounds of sugar, and two pounds of varied salt production, and by .the old process, jou only save the oleo. or butter oil; but the electric churn, takes up a portion of the sugar and casing, ami combines It with the oleo, thereby increasing the quality and quantity of the product Hut we decide on the quality, let us understand wliat this "casing" is. According to YVebfter, casing is a roverare. That would - cm a hard ing. c thiug to work into butter, hut we annul tell what ih.s oiectrh Uutu may do IWHdy, in try ing-the he uses the wind in lieu of mem imilk nrd). If so, It must be i gieat improvement jin the quality of the butter knew a man in my Knhmtd dais, who the art of making this same kind of butter, but he prod, iced the electricity, by dropping a little lennet luto the cream jus as it began to hren k for butter, and it fixed it In a minute, so that it turned out a large quantity of what he called extra butter He sold a quantity of it to a dealer. who had him arrested for fraud, and when be got through and settled up. he found it the highest-price- d butter he ever sold. If anyone is not satisfied with the above expose, let him invest six dollars and try his hand. bo-fo- 1 dhu-ove- The Little Leaks. The little leak on the farm amount to a considerable sum every year unless they are carefully looked after and stopped, says an exchange. Every hill of corn missed in planting or .rooted up In cultivating reduces the .crop without reducing the wink of cultivating it, A leak In a roof that might be stopped In a minute may be the means of spoiling a dollar's worth of grain, snd Is a warning to look for other leaks, E ht FOO-CHOY- um 'I MISS DOROTHY DEARBORN. ifct expected that a vyoman would sail it The young men aboard thought themselves good enough skippers for that. It was pleasant sailing, with a light breeze. AH at once a sharp squall struck the sail with-- loud, rush- ing sound. The sail was trimmed in and the boat careened over so that the sea poured over the washboards. The young women screamed all but Miss She Bprung to the main-sheDearborn. and quickly loosed It while the boat was luffed into the wind. She tended the sheet until the squall had passed and afterward showed her ability to sail the boat alone. She is a daughter of Captain Georgy Dearborn, of Brooklyn, and is spending her vacation at the bench. Besides being a skilled yachtswoman Bhe is the leading lady in Brooklyns amateur dramatic corps. eurl-leaF- -- ! 1 w j- -- 4 et best-kno- Canid Stand the Strain No Longer. A woman who was traveling alon not long ago wandered one eveninj Into a hotel parlor. A pretty younf girl at once rushed toward her anc breathlessly asked her what time 1( was. Somewhat astonished the woman glanced at the big mantel clock and repeated the hour. Oh, thank said the stranger, but without you, I suppost any signs of going Away. you think it queer my asking that, she burst out a moment laer, but tc tell the truth f dont want to know the time at all; 1 just had to speak tc sometody. You see, Im on my wedding trip and for a whole week havent spoken to a soul but my husband. Why, Ive hardly heard the sound of any ones voice but his I) was reellv a question of my speaking to some one or going wild. Kansas City Star. 1 turonlfl orrcspmi'lrnc. Mrs. Garrick, the. wife 0f the faunas actor, would never admit that any one la the profi'Shion appro.uh, d in al ilif, have pi rh Keene in the part of Richard III One criticism of hers r r hr,l unexrtr r pected confiiraation Kean plav "Abel Druggir, sheefeag3at hr hue-ba- nd down and wrote him' "Dear Sir You cannot at 'Abel Drugger.' M. Garrick Yours, His reply was equally to the e I know it. f' ss -- a lf v 11 "Yours, E. Kean. Sunken Some of the famous treasure shir which He at the bottom of the set include LOrient, sunk by Nelson at tt battle of the Nile, with ff3 000 0 aboard; the Latune, sunk in the Zm der Zee, with 17,000,000 In her holl the De Brake, lost off Delaware with Spanish bullion; and the Jht Golden Gate, which went down Hatteras while returning from i fornla in the fifties loaded with r Official statistics show that two tom sand vessels are sunk annually vessels and cargoes being valuM 1100,000,000. 1 - |