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Show j I W One of the great scientists of A merica when asked the other day what was the most wonderful Invention In-vention of modern times, replied. "Photography. ' He classed photography pho-tography as the eighth wonder of the world and asserted it was doing more for the advance of science than any other one thins. Photography is a toy for the amateur, it is a comforter for the mourning mother, it Is the right arm for the astronomer and chief consulting surgeon for the physician. physi-cian. The salesman uses it as his chief mouthpiece. It is the scout captain of the General; It is the servant of the teacher, preacher, lecturer and theatrical man. The artist has learned accuracy through the photographic Ions and as a result re-sult art more wonderful than ever has been produced. Yet. the possibilities of photography photog-raphy aro only beginning. Seventy-fix Seventy-fix e years ago Daguerro startled the world when he reproduced a likeness like-ness of a person without paint or pencil. In Daguerre'E day there 'jfc were a half dozen brainy men in the world working to perfect photography. pho-tography. Today there aro thousands. thou-sands. Every photographic magazine maga-zine Is full of new discoveries of the Investigators. In Daguerre's day It sometimes took as long as five minutes to take a picture in the bright sunlight. The man posing for the picture had to sit perfectly still all that time. Today with the modern cinematograph, cinemato-graph, we catch the man running at full speed. We pick up a picture of an engine without difficulty We even photograph a bullet. Photography Photog-raphy Is swifter than lightning. Lenses and plates today are so fast that a photograph can be taken In one-twenty-flve hundredth of a second. sec-ond. Since the days of Daguerre the two greatest epoch-making discoveries discov-eries in photography probably aro the discovery of the X-Ray and the discovery of the dry plate. Gustav Cramer, who with Elmer Norden, a German, perfected the modern dry plato was a boy when the daguerreotype daguer-reotype was startling the world. The first time he over sat for a picture pic-ture was In a family group when hla father took the entire family to the artist to sit for a daguerreo-Wk daguerreo-Wk type. Those pictures were taken out of doors in the bright sun. RIIVKR SOLUTION THAWED OUT. Tho Invention of the wet plate from which any number of pictures could be printed was the next important im-portant development. Cramer, who had always been Interested in tho making of pictures, began to do photographic work with wet plates. "The biggest troublo was that we had to prepare our plates right before taking tho picture," he said. "If we went out on the field to take a picture we had to take a wagon with us to carry the apparatus. I remember during tho Civil War w hen I took pictures of army scenes that my silver solution froze and 1 had to thaw It out before I could go ahead. "In taking pictures of children there was Infinite difficulty because we could not get them to sit still long cnourh. We had to show I them i he 'birdie' and -ut all kinds of antics In front of them to hold their attention. "If, after a plate was prepared with the siher solution, the child would cry wo had to calm him at once or the plate would be spoiled. It was one of tnese long-time exposures ex-posures that sot Cramer to thinking about producing a faster plate. One afternoon a woman came to pose for a portrait. It was In the later 70's. He had the woman posing at a pedestal. With the quality of light, Cramer saw he would have to take a long-time exposure. He began be-gan to count, intending to count to 100. The tensity of standing still while the photographer counted to 100 overcame tho woman. "I happened to glance away as I was slowly counting' said Cramer. "As my head was turned there was a crash. I looked back and the woman wom-an had fallen to the Moor in a faint and the pedestal was on top of her. Soon after that a scientist, Elmer Norden, came to America from Germany, Ger-many, trying to interest men In the development of a dry plate, one that could be kept for years. Older photographers photo-graphers did not take kindly to his plans, but I saw the advantage of a dry plate and asked him to use my ttudlo for his experiments "Together we worked for a long time. uften I was rushed by day with my customers and could not Join in the work until night. Often I worked all night at the problem. We were only working on discoveries discov-eries already made. Several other men throughout the country were working on tho plate at the same time. Early In 1SS0 our work was rewarded with success. Triumphantly Triumph-antly we went to Chicago to tho National Convention of Photographers, Photo-graphers, and there showed our work. NKW PHOTOGRAPHY FOOLS CONVENTION. "So slmplo was our process of photographing that tho men In the convention trrbught we were fooling fool-ing " Cramer became president of the National Photographers' Association In 1887. Though he has long ceased to make photographs he is still affectionately af-fectionately known by all photographers photo-graphers as "Pop" Cramer. In 1S94 at a convention a watch fob was given to him by tho photographers of tho country, and across It was Inscribed In-scribed "From Papa's Boys." X-ray photography has been of wonderful value to surgery. In the Civil War, when a man was wounded wound-ed the surgeon had to probe for the bullet. Sometimes a bullet would enter a man's chest and be deflected deflect-ed by a rib so it would enter the shoulder. Tho only way the bullet could be found would bo by probing. Sometimes the doctors would probe and probo until they had killed the man. Today In a hospital a wounded wound-ed man is photographed by the X-ray X-ray camera. Tho body is transparent trans-parent to the X-ray and a picture of the Internal organs of the man can bo shown. The bullet will stand out clearly In the picture and all the surgeons have to do Is to cut straight to the mark. "Wonderful Indeed is the ad- i vance In photography." said Cramer, discussing Its progress. "In the days of the old wet plate sometimes some-times we used to forget to pull the slide when trying to take a picture. One time, when an assistant of mine forgot to pull tho slide- I told him ho was trying to photograph through wood. That, of course, was considered con-sidered tho hclnht of Improbability, but today we photograph through wood " Physicians are aided by the photomicrograph. photo-micrograph. That Is photographing lnflnltefislmally small objects and enlarging thom at the same time. Cyanide can be detected In the blood by Its means. The photomicrograph can see objects our eyes cannot toe with the most powerful microscope By tho photomicrograph we can study the tiny animals in a drop of water. Tho stars, too. are studied by photography. Stars hitherto unknown un-known have been recorded by the photographic plato. Often we wish to study a passing condition in the heavens. Perhaps the condition exists ex-ists only for a moment, and we have no time to study It. even If our telescopes tele-scopes are strong enough. Suppose It is a changing 9unepot. We can take pictures of the spot and study it on the photographic plate for years If we desire. One of tho great educational factors fac-tors Is tho moving picture. We are teaching geography today by moving pictures and giving children an accurate ac-curate Impression of lands they aro studying about. The action of a bullet bul-let in passing through a pleco of teel, or any other substance, can be studied by the moving picture Recently moving picture shows all over thn country showed on tho screen a bullet passing through a ITPPIHR left, Gustave Cra-Y Cra-Y mer; upper right, L. J. M. Daguerre. Center, fly's foot magnified 60.000 times by photography, and baseball player in action. He hfts missed the ball, but the camera caught it. Lower left, X-ray photo of a woman's wom-an's hand. Lower center, a picture from the wmg of an aeroplane. Lower left, a photo of the moon in its last quarter. Tf?jpj ' JfBSB rlnprc' d u c : d . and TTjarssaaxsi there Is reason to believe that soon S '"""TCpl vfc can reproduce everything In its j SEKrNJBS natural colors. I BB1 1 f 9 When photography first started Ij T7". 1 ;-rt. Frederick Remington drew his j "'agalffl y'. . u. rSci horses with two feet always on the lfftflg ground. rhe was not quick I '- : enough to see that for a time be- !J tween every step all of the horse's I feet were otT the ground. The cam-' cam-' era can catch tho feet. Lightning ' was always drawn with unnatural I ' '' 'vtiM angles. As wo looked at pictures of lightning e knew there was t iomething wrong, but could not teU piece of cheese. The bullet was so BWlft the eye could not follow It. but the cinematograph fallowed it. The film was unwound 6lowly before a lantern. On the screen appeared the ploce of cheese and the bullet slowls traveling through it. We even tire seeing colored moving mov-ing pictures. Color photography has been highly developed. By thl new process things almost in their why because lightning Is so swift. Wth the camera we have caught f'. lightning and the artist can make ft reproductions more true to life than f ever before. WmM None pan tall what the future P. will bring forth, but with men of Jr . brains all over the world working towards perfection moro startling jg Improvement will be witnessed in F another decade. g. I |