Show I II oj I EXPERIMENTS OF His Application of the Darwin in the Vegetable t Kingdom Has Proven Highly Successful BY DAVID DVID STARR JORDAN of oC Santu Rosa Cal Ca Cao o Ii 11 don tIe Ie most skillful ment monter In till the field of thc formatiOn of oC new flew forms or of plant lIfe by the liC s sor or of and sl Net He Is the tho creator or of many or of OUT our moRt mORl nuL i fruits grains and nM well RB os osof of runny of oC our om most beautiful flowers flower 1118 arc aro the practical cation of oC the ho or of Darwin and hIs hIR and to a degree wholly amon among breeders Mr lr Burbank has kept kepI In touch wIth most modern work In tho field or of bionomIcs nad ve very much or of time and ener energy Ii 16 to or of scientific Interest not lIkely of oC themselves to yield immediate practical resultS Not man many or of Mr Ir Burbanks results result are duo to unassisted ted as the theo thet o t or of crossing and time tinie b by the Increase or of the rate or degree or of variation There Is 15 however no evIdent limit to the le results to bo be obtained d b by sImple New and permanent specIes of wheat have without n a shadow or of doubt been een produced hy by selection alone In tho California poppy stripes ot of oft t crImson arc aro never seen on Ue tle Inside Mr once found a 3 seedling In whIch the outside crimson had struck through lIko Ilko a crImson thread which had been mIsplaced In other s hy by selection red was more and ancI more Increased until finally out of oC It Is developed a crimson poppy or of which Mr Burbank pow ow has man many specimens seeding mOre or less true to the type Tho Shirley poppy Is well on the tho way to b by selection From the plc yellow Iceland poppy are developed white while yellow ollow and orange for or ls s and somo with striped petals and a strong tendency to become double Selecting the Iceland poppy DOPp for tor sic alone lIone flowers three and one hill Inches across have hlo been developed A large laro scarlet poppy clo closes es Its two inner petals when a bee beo or two have hao entered shutting In the bees hee which bm buzz 7 angrily and CoYer cover themselves with until the they are arc set Ir If not visited b by bees the flowers do not A wild form of one or of the tho wao made b by selection or of the among thc palo pale wild ones taken front rom tho It Is a dwarf after two elilS or of cultivation more twIce IS high os as the tho orIginal stock hut not nearly 88 high as aM the tho samo grown In the tho valley Crossing sn says K Mr Burbank Is done to lo secure LL a wealth or of variation n By thIs means we set get the species into a state or of or and take advantage of oC the Ito to tho life liCe forces Into the Uie desired I habits or channels Tho first crossing Is generally a 0 astep step In the direction In whIch we arc going oln but repeated crossin Is often necessary and judicIous selection al alwa always wa ways s necessary to secure valuable practical I results Cro Crossing nH may the best or the Iho worst qualities of the tho parent or any other qualities and pro pre Ious crossings often affect the re resu su omits Its H differs from ordinary crossing crossin only In degree A specIes I Ionly is only a race which has assumed greater fixity The purposes s and re results of oC crossing withIn the and n 1 h hybridization or of different species nr ari essentially alike TIe The formation or of the new individual b by the sexual relation or of two tso parents Is In Itsel a species of cros crossing giving each eadi new In Its dl ee new traits or new combinations Bees and 01 other her t as well as the thc wInd crO cross s plants hut but they do not hot work intelligently therefore rarely to toan an any advantage economically to man mano manNo No o mechanIc could invent devices ns as tho those o which t tend to prevent self crossing in plants All evolution and improvement are dependent on cross InS therefore nature has produced more wonderful devices for this pur purpose pose poso than for an any other |