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Show sivc operators now use this system j almost exclusively. Dr. Eloise Gerry, Ger-ry, of the Forest Products Laboratory, Labora-tory, describes the production of oleorcsin, from which turpentine and resin are made, in a bulletin just issued is-sued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Ag-riculture. This bulletin, No. 10G), can be had for the asking. Studies of soils taken from burns in chaparral on the Angeles show a decided reduction in the moisture holding capacity. Before the fire this amounted to 58.2 per cent and 53.fi per cent immediately after. This j had decreased to 3 1.7 two years lat-i lat-i er. Thus 100 lbs. of soil, with a capacity ca-pacity of 58.2 lbs. of water, was re-jduced re-jduced by fire and erosion to a capacity ca-pacity of r!l.7 lbs. two years later. It ' is this reduction of 40 per cent in i I he water holding capacity of soils that is partly responsible for the floods and high waters from burned areas. MANTI NATIONAL FOREST NOTES. . j Colonel W. B. Greeley, chief for- ester of the United States, and R. H-Rutledge, H-Rutledge, the district forester in charge of District 4, spent July 2, 3 and 4 in looking over the Manti Forest For-est ranges, inspecting some of our timber operations, meeting with the local otlicers and getting an insight into the work being done in this section. sec-tion. When the trip was first planned, plan-ned, we expected them to spend four days with us. Later on we received j a memorandum from the district for- ester stating that it was planned to! look over the Manti Forest begin-! ning at Indianola and ending the trip at the inter-forest boundary in Gunnison Gun-nison valley. Owing to the absence of Supervisor Mattsson from the office of-fice at Richfield, it was impossible to rearrange our schedule and as a result the trip was somewhat strenuous. stren-uous. The Thistle Canyon road, Ephraim-Orangeville Ephraim-Orangeville road, Manti Canyon and Twelve Mile Canyon roads were all looked over by the visiting officials, and a delightful trip was had by all. The first cars to cross the mountain moun-tain over the Ephraim-Orangeville road went over on June 2(i. Because of the. heavy bank of snow at the top. it was possible for cars going east to get over the snow quite easily, but the snow banks on the east side were difficult to cross for cars going west. At the present time there is some little travel both ways, and in a few-days few-days it is expected there will be dozens doz-ens of cars going over the road daily. Stockmen are of the opinion that! forage was not quite so ad- j vanced this season as it was on July i 1,1921. However, owing to the Juiy: frost a year ago, there is perhaps, more feed over all the range now (July 10) than there was on the same date last year. The showers which occurred June; 28 soaked up the forest ranges in good shape and temporarily at least put an end to the danger from fires. J A number of fires that started outside out-side the Forest came dangerously close to the boundary. At the present pres-ent time forest fires are raging in the northwest. At this time brush. June grass and other inflammable i material is very dry here on the Man-i Man-i ti Forest. For this reason we expect everyone interested in the Forest to be extremely careful wilh fire. Ranger Ollerton reported ,1'S of an inch of rain during June at !he Mam-jmoth Mam-jmoth station. Dr. Sampson states that .91 of an inch of rain f"il at the Alpine station. It was approximately approximate-ly one-fifth of an inch less al the experiment ex-periment station and in the O.-.i s. ! A majority of the sheep permitted to enter the Forest on July 1 was : ready to go onto the rang' s on that 'date. Ranger Ollerton n ports counting count-ing fourteen bands in one day. i The trappers, Messrs. Averett, j Kofford and Whitbeck have been on the Forest during the past ten days I burning their old bait stations placed plac-ed on the range last fall. The stockmen using Gunnison Val-j ley have been compelled to employ! an additional herder to keep their cattle off that range for two or three weeks, or until the low larkspur dries up. At the present time the upper valley is as blue as an alfalfa field in bloom. Pitch or oleorcsin, which exudes from living pines when the wood is wounded, has been the world's chief source of naval stores. Noah was commanded to pitch the ark within and without; the basket of bulrushes, in which Pharoah's daughter found Moses fioa'ing on the Nile, was daubed with pilch; in the fifth century cen-tury before Christ, the pines of Macedon were valued for this valued commodity. As a lining for food and g'-ain containers, it held a significant place in the economic life of the nn-cVets. nn-cVets. And even now it is u ed for waterproofing woven wal'-r baskets by the Indiar.s in the southwest. As a covering for altars it lias served many gods, and r.s calking for the scants of armed trirenus it was one of tha sinews of va' Until rather r, r, :v!; many of the Ttoth"-!. used in the early days of tee iri:n-'vy in this country won sti'l in !. I:i It1'1! the cup sy.-tem. v.lf h now I.:ru.'iy supplants to va-teful box method, was introduced e:i a fvmmcrcial i , a.i-1 rro;ri3- |