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Show Vs jm am s o iiiiti wnr jtinf lywrifpn DESERET NEWS SLT LAKE CITY, UTAH We Stand For The Constitution Of The United States As Having Been Inspired Div-rtel- SATURDAY, May 31, 1969 12 A FDIT0R1AL PAGE Editor' Nat: Thu y n H th 20th annivtrury of the seizdo H rrvsinlAnt Chin by th Communist Whet has corrm usm accomplished in those V year under .Aao Tetun9 In complete racotd i covered in this review plus a loo at wtia "Mao Think" future portend for the world' By ROBERT BETTS Copley News Service French Foreign Policy Takes On New Look Frances foreign policy looks like it la finally about to move off dead center. That seems to be the prospect regardless of whether Georges Pompidou or Alain Poher becomes the next president of France following tomorrow's elections. These two are the leading candidates among a field of seven. If no one wins an overall majority Sunday, the two candidates with the most votes will proceed to a second ballot run-ot- f on June 15. But to the English in particular and Frances other conti- nental allies it makes little difference which of the tvo major candidates wins out.. Although Pompidou remains associated with Charles De Gaulles outlook because of his years as De Gaulles premier, Pompidou already has shown a far less negative attitude toward expanding the European Common Market to include Britain. The development of Europe, he says, is impossible if England remains outside. and candidate of the As for Poher, the center, he describes himself as a "convinced European. He rose to the Presidency of the Common Market Assembly at Strasbourg and has devoted much of his career to developing a more united Europe. If Poher wins, he will be up against a huge Gaullist majority in the National Assembly which might allow General De Gaulles foreign policy to be modified but certainly not destroyed. Pompidou, of course, would no doubt have an easier time working with the Assembly, but the people of France seem to have tired of Gaullism. Whoever becomes the next president of France will have to correct the legacy of mistrust that De Gaulle left among France's allies. In 1963 De Gaulle and West Germanys Conrad Adenauer worked out a pact of reconciliation which was supposed to end the traditional hostility between Paris and Bonn but didnt and cooperation between the two West European powers should be given top attention by De Gaulles successor. The generals advocacy of freeing Quebec will have to be scrapped as a meddlesome, unproductive nuisance. So will Geneva disarmahis refusal to participate in the ment talks, since Frances absence hurts its own best interests. , Its too soon to tell just how deep and lasting the change in Frances outlook will be. Bu its significant that none of the contenders for the presidency is repeating De Gaulles tired old refrain about going it alone in the world in pursuit of Frances glory. interim-preside- nt One More Study? How much is the federal government in competition against private enterprise? No one really knows for sure. About all that can be said for certain is that theres too much such competition, that its growing, and that its grossly unfair. Some 20 years ago the Hoover Commission listed 985 separate fields in which the federal government was in direct competition against private, taxpaying businesses. But that was before the Great Society programs and the War on Poverty came along. To bring the findings of the Hoover Commission up to date, Congressman Gene Snyder of Kentucky is calling for an investigation by the House Committee on Government Operations. The investigation would determine the full extent of federal competition to private enterprise, what part of it simply must be handled by the government, and how much could be turned over to private business. This competition is unfair because government businesses basis, while private busioperate on a subsidized, ness must show a profit and pay taxes. Then, too, the increasing federal in flsion of the private sector of the economy no doubt has contributed to federal extravagance, since government business ordinarily doesnt operate as efficiently as private business. But before Congress duplicates much of the work of the Hoover Commission, how about blowing the dust off that earner study and trying to get some more cf its recommendations put into effect? non-prof- it Label Those Drugs Should di uggists be required to put the generic (official) name on the pill box when filling a prescription ? The matter is important to consumers, since generic drugs are often sold at considerably reduced prices from trade-nam- e diugs. A bill sponsored by Senator Gaylor Nelson of Wisconsin currently is before the Congress. It would still allow physicians to prescribe by copyrighted trade names, hut every drug would also have to be identified plainly by its generic name. There are, of course, arguments for trade name drugs: They often are more uniform n quality and conform to closer standards than their equivalents marketed at lower prices; drug companies tend to stand more firmly behind their own for someone else to drugs rather than those sell; and the great thrust of drug research is accomplished generally by those companies marketing such brand names. But generic labeling might help lower drug prices if the bu er knew he could buy the same thing at a lower price. How about giving it a try? mass-produce- d Afterthoughts film In the parlance of the and novel advertisements, Realistic:" has come to mean with all the brutality of life left in, and all the beauty cf life left out. Om way to find out whether you ate truly an educated person is to see if you can distinguish the differences among the following: education, schooling, learning and training, which are all quite different things. I Communist versal China holds the key to uniaccording to the happiness thought of Mao Tse-tun- Its fnemies are more inclined to regard it as a growing world threat To most westerners China is a puzzle particularly so as U completes 20 yea's under Communist domination. Some picture a frightening Red Chinese dragon breathing fire and hatred across the world, ready at any time to unloose its latest horror, the nuclear bomb. Others, bored by Pekings frenzied propaganda, the oppressive deification of Mao and the incredible claims to superhuman feats performed under his magic spell, say Red China is ail bluff. They see a Gulliver tied hand and foot by its own deficiencies. The universal spying, public accusations, contrite confessions, brutality and spite, the Maoist miracles and other bizarre happenings lead some to think of the Chinese mainland as one vast insane asylum. Young lovers are condemned for holding hands Instead of hurling themselves wholeheartedly into the class struggle. Children drill with bayonets, spy on their parents and publicly beat old people for having revisionist thoughts. Surgeons are made to atone for their middle class origins by sweeping hospital floors and bringing patients their meals. When they do operate, someone stands behind reading aloud from the little red book of Maos thoughts. The Chinese have long been an enigma to the West. For centuries they remained cut off from the rest of the world. Where there were no natural barriers like the Ocean, the Himalaya Mountains and the northern deserts, they built the Great Wall to shut out the barbarians. Pa-cir- The worlds oldest continuous civilization, the Chinese followed their own way, believing their culture to be superior, traditions as cherishing such family loyalty, common courtesy and reat least until 20 years spect for the aged ago. time-honor- How such a proud, Independent, intelligent and cautious people allowed themselves to be overcome by the ideology of a pair of Darbarian upstarts, Marx and Lenin, confounds the West. It was no overnigiit transition. The ground had been prepared long beforehand. A secret Chinese Communist Party was organized in 1921 by envoys sent by Lenin. Mao was a founding member. i' r " I tors have been tolerated, although their movements are still severely restricted. The Communist regime continues to keep Westerners at a distance, partly for strategic reasons, partly out of traditional Chinese distrust of everything occidental. An of Red China can nevertheless be formed that Is not entirely dependent on trade statistics, crop reports or whatever information Peking is pleased to put out over-a- ll picture It is built up fronf the testimony of thousands of refugees and defectors, from Nationalist Chinese intelligence, and from reports of the few westerners having direct contact with the mainland. It is a picture of people living in terrorized conformity under ruthless dictator-snithe majority receiving little reward for their hard labor outside a meager food and clothing ration and the daily dose of p, Mao-thin- 1958, was supposed to bring about an economic miracle In record time. Ambitious as it sounded, It was in fact a desperate bid g to even up the race between a slow-movin- economy and the galloping population increase. Peasants were mobilized into comFactories underwent a Production targets were progresspeed-up- . sively pushed up. Everybody was exhorted to work harder. Pledges were elicited to munes. produce moe. All Maos magic, however, could not make up for lade of experience and technical skills. The frenzied pace was convulsed by bad planning, inefficient organization, mismanagement and administrative lunacy. The gieat leap was a big flop. To what extent China has recovered from the disastrous setback, the government is not prepared to say. Almost no statistics have been published since the exaggerated claims of the early great leap years. according to most Pekingologists. Mao 1 said to have initiated the cultural revolution in order to regain power which he saw g away. I After three years of violent struggle purges and wild rampages by the fanaticai Red Guards, the Ninth Party Congress was held recently at which it was proclaimed that the cultural revolu-no- n had won great success. Despite the outward conviviality of the leading comrades, however, and the general assumption that the frail, Mao will be succeeded by his vice chair-maLm Piao, there is a rising current of discontent with the Maoist way. Some China watchers predict Maos death will be the signal for a new bloodbath. But few Predict which group will eventu-all- y hold power. slip-pin- n, Chinas long, ?.caus? isolation, its leaders today are pathetically ignorant of the outside world. Their e is matched only by their arrogance by means of a stream of heckling, propaganda to igno-rane- heavy-hande- While Communists were at first admitted into the Kuomintang (Dr. Sun s ruling Nationalist Party) they plotted for Its overthrow. By the time Chiang k assumed leadership in 1926, the Communists had considerably strengthened their own position, had formed guerrilla bands and were determined to eliminate Chiang and his supporters. d t0 Yat-sen- 'Children drill with bayonets, spy Kai-she- The Communists used the war against Japan to consolidate their position. By the time the Japanese were driven out in 1945, the Communist Chinese forces under Mao were more strategically settled in North China than were Chiangs forces. Chiang challenged Mao, and lost. He retreated to the island of Taiwan. On the mainland, Mao proclaimed tlie Peoples Republic erf China on Oct. 1, 1949. Maos stated aim was to rescue China from feudalism and transform It from a traditionally weak and backward nation into a dynamic, modem Industrial and military state. He promised freedom of thought, speech, publication, assembly, association, correspondence, person, domicile, religious belief and freedom of procession and demonstration." Instead came mass brainwashing, Indoctrination, forced labor and rigid discipline. Nobody can say how many Chinese have truly embraced communism or how many secretly curse Mao and long for Communisms overthrow. The Chinese Communist Party claims 18.5 million members. All power resides with the party, which rules through a central committee, with Mao at the top. Western Advancing left technology China far behind. The need to catch up, and Pekings bid for leadership of world communism, has lately brought the nation irfore into the mainstream of international affairs. More missions have been sent abroad. More business and diplomatic visi-- Today Red on their parents, China can count on few friends outsrie of tiny North Korea in Asia and timer Albania in Europe. Although it has given aid to the North Vietnamese their war against South Vietnam it ran in by " H CW :,Iinhs UndyinS foya7tyanS beat old people publicly cJltures their own, while still making no attempt to understand how those people think and behave. . . It has for 20 years been barred from a t seat at the United Nations, with the United g States leading the opposition. The Chinese number some 760 million, nearly a quarter of the world's population. Their territory, a third larger than the United States, has giant mountains, great rivers, vast deserts, fertile plains, just about every variety of flora and fauna. A little over a tenth of the land is cultivated. Until the Communists took over, China was chiefly agricultural. During the first few years of the Red reign the rehabilitation considerable period progress was reported in both agriculture and Industry. Factories destroyed during World War n were rebuilt. The disrupted transportation network was restored. Inflation was checked. Output began to rise, although not so rapidly as the Communist regime tried to indicate in wildly inflated figures. Private farmlands were bn ken up and shared among the peasants, only to be collectivized later, with Peking controlling collection and distribution of materials and foodstuffs. Such control kept per capita consumption from rising, while the lions share of Chinas total resources was channeled into Industrial and military development. The Great Leap Forward, a crash program launched with much fanfare in Statistics are not needed, however, to lack of what other peopoint up the over-al- l ple would consider everyday necessities. Figures cannot measure the frustration, disillusionment, discontent and apathy now evident in the land. Neither could figures disguise the miserable plight of millions who still live at a near primitive level, crowded into shacks in muddy villages, working fronf early dawn until long after dusk with the kind of wooden plows and ancient sickles that their ancestors used, sweating over backbreaking jobs that machines should be doing. While anxious to keep the Interior well- sealed from prying foreign eyes, the regime has been unable to keep secret the increasingly frequent strikes, slowdowns, absenteeism, sabotage and outright rebellion. Armed dashes occur not only between groups of workers and between o Communists but between and pro-Ma- o anti-Ma- and The seriousness with which Peking views the latter is evident in its recent charges that Nationalist Chinese agents and their imperialist masters are fomenting the trouble. Chinas current turmoil is the outward sign of a power struggle, deep-seate- d The most vehement g abusa comes these days from Moscow. The s call Mao a foul liar who is tryin to destroy the unity of the socialist camp. They charge the Communist Chinese lead. ?rs with being ready to sacrifice hundreds in a nuclear conflict to ?ns establish world communism. Rus-sian- Pekings nuclear capability is the most uncertain part of the Red Chinese puzzle. Military experts do not believe China is presently capable of fighting a large-scal- e offensive war, despite its imposing conven tional strength an army of 2 25 miDion men and an air force of 2,300 aircraft It has in the last few years made rapid strides in nuclear development, however, sacrificing much of its more immediate needs to do so. As well as building up a nuclear arsenal, it is developing a delivery system. Western intelligence estimates it will have an effective one within the early 1970s. The greatest fear Is that someday some Chinese dictator, in a moment of angry frustration because the world refuses to conform to his vision of what it should be, will take it upon himself to commit the ultimate madness, and blow it up. power-drun- k Japanese Recovery: A Modern Success Story AOMORI, JAPAN At the lifeboat station on one of the great ferries that makes r the crossing between Honshu and H o k k aido, Japan's , nortn island, there is this translation in Eng- JENKIN LLOYD JONES four-hou- lish: When going down the chuter: You will be down in a few seconds. So, feel easy and get sliding with your face turned up. Get up only after the sliding is well over. r oms The fact is that at the end of Wond War II Japan didnt take the chutcr. It fell, utterly and completely. Its industries were in ruins, its cities in asnes. Nor did it take its own advice. It got Up immediately, before the sliding was well over. Its recovery has been a phenomenon of modern times. Three things helped put Japan on Ps feet. Gen. Di rglas MacArthur rejected any nonsense such as Henry Morgerihau's scheme to turn the Gr-ins into a pastoral pnoole. MitAiihut recognized that the sal- non of Jana i la ,n its indr .a! genius. The U S. governm'uit poured in foreign aid to rebuild Japanese factories with the latest equipment, much to the discomfiture of American competitors who were paying m t taxes to support the reconstruction of their competitors. Secondly, the Japanese understood their that of a people reputation in the world who could make anything cheaper and worse than anybody else. A council on quality was set up. No goods were licensed for export that did not meet exacting standards. Within a few years the world was discovering that the Japanese could make things cheaper and just as good. Thirdly, there were the golden factors of deft fingers, quick brain., and the willingness to work long hours. You cant raise a people who live in lassitude, who have a social system and sloppy work habits. The doers will lick the dancers every time. And the Japanese are doers. Today they build the biggest ships. They are foe worlds No. 1 manufacturer of cameras and optical equipment. Their expoits of little automobiles to America are beginning to press the Germans. Thor steel exports are a major headache to Pittsburgh and Gary. And their competition to Americas textile industry is causing a loud howl for import quotas or new protective tariffs. Now the Japanese standard of living is almost on a par with tnat of Italj . No long g er is civilization. The birthit a rate has dropped from 4.4 per hundred per year 30 years ago to 1.8 per hundred now. Of all the great nations, Japan is closest to getting its population in control. There is an acute labor shortage. Because of their greatly Improved diet since World War n, the aveiage height of young Japanese is growing by quantum leaps and millions of mattresses are becoming obsolete. The trouble is that while the Japanese glory in. their own success story, they like to pretend, also, that it hasnt happened. While they press for ever larger export markets, they impede imports by all kinds of subtle obstacles licensing requirements, deposit requirements, exchange controls, pressure against the acquisition by equities and so forth. In short, while the American companies of Japanese industrial Japanese hae developed the muscles of gian's, they still insist on protections generally accorded to developing" nations. Although no one knows what pmanoia may develop acro.s the China Sea, the Japanese contribute practically nothing to their own defense and live comfortably beneath the American atomic umbrella. America could compete better with Japanese indus if it didnt have to spend 10 per cent oi its gross national product on armament, part of it designed to defend Japan. This hasnt prevented the Japanese from making an emotional issue of continued try American occupation of Okinawa. Tne radi-caZengakuren never mention Russian seizure of southern Sakhalin Island aftei World War II, but they riot continually ovei Okinawa. An editorial in the influential Japanese newspaper Yomiuri on May 15 argues tliai military bases on islands close to conti nents are no longer useful as strategic dtt errents. This true if one is speakin? about intercontinental ballistic missiles But how would we protect another Pueblc from Guam? What the Japanese dont seem to realize is that if they help cripple the Americar presence in the Far East and if a tionism seizes the American people, the Japanese will either have to trust the Chinese or euoimou.sly expand their own military outlays. The Japanese are like a child who Lai attained the stature oi a man but whe would like 1o retain some of the specia consideration accorded to a child. That daj is drawing to a close. The gtavy train is a the end of its run. The Japanese are a great people wU must now resume their responsibilities. l neo-isol- |