Show f fW RULE STARTS DISEASE I ST STALKING AUING THROUGH RUSSIA Burgeons Burgeon's Surgeons Surgeon's Pamphlet Reveals Conditions in Petrograd E City Is Without Light and Heat Traffic Is Isa a at Standstill Situation Hopeless Hopeless' I c r ki t By Boris Brasol Association Unity of S Composed of Persons p j RussIa Russian Origin in This II 1 C oun j o Lenin an and kt t present when of ot otI at the climax are arc trot ky It seems proper to I itt th then glory the reverse side of ot the tho lit medal and give a a. bet bet- Pr r Idea of ot the blessings s of ot bol- bol olt ol- ol t eli t rule in Russia There is 15 but little surprise In Inc tiC the c tact fact that the red army was as 7 ble to Inflict heavy losses upon 1 h t Poles and that Polish re- re I A J stance has lias practically be been n 52 r 2 In so short a time On Ono the tho o one hand it was certainly a Iossa error on the part put of ot Poo Poto Po- Po to f o her frontiers not Cj up to to but even beyond the thel 1772 while whim on the l un arles of or Ther hand any military entert enter enter- t re e of oC this kind had to be carout car- car out ut with a n force which would i be t e a ait t least leut equal to that of or soviet fJ I la Obviously Poland was wasi i rot In a a. position to develop her military strength th to such an ex- ex 1 fut But military victories s alone over a 1 weaker enemy slither ither Prove the real strength n th t tf U the victor nor explain the naJ nat nature na na- na- na J t ture lure of ot a government which happened hap hop to be victorious In a r Ury trY conflict Internal conditions r Ire ire always more Indicative of the 4 dute of a political regime than C c e he the results of or a warfare which may be and Indeed ire are re In striking contradiction to the tie cultural level le of ot a nation 4 That the economic situation In RUI Russia la is 18 hopeless I Is a a. which Is well known b by th the I I I general eMral Public both In this country coun- coun I try in Europe That the situation situa situa- ZIon tion Is growing from bad to worse something s which Is not yet ee lIy realized by civilized nations na- na Bolshevist And Litt t propaganda which has haR be been on j pf d all over r world eni cn- cn OnOr i Or to tl eon convince public oft that the thC economic situ situ- roon fon is sad sod it is Im- Im and that the Vf very r sorrows sorrows sor- sor rows S of the food conditions In RU Russia sla are arc to be bo Jd exclusively to the tho so called blockade which b by th the nT wa was t never ne effective Tho The world orl L which Is always more inore or less Jets optimistic as RS to con- con with which It is not fa- fa I h Inclined d to believe that wil II out all aU alland and that It will only take lake tae Ume to bring Russia back upon er r feet teet g r r Unfortunately however hoe this lc viewpoint la Is h hy hr no eini eAn Justified d by facts and conditions actually prevail prevailing ng In m soviet paradise paraIse dle Recently a pamphlet giving IvIn a de de- de eed e- e filed ed Account of sanitary s condl- condl prevailing In has these shores The Tho pamphlet pam pam- was written n early In 1920 b by Professor ProCessor ono one of- of the RU Russian surgeons Ur conR who at present reent sent Is In charge of nt Russian I d Cro Crow work In n Fin Fin- r land In the Introductory stAtement statement state stAte- statement ment of ot this pamphlet which Is addressed to tho Rod Cross committees com corn In all aU countries Professor sor states It qt Is Impossible not to be horrifIed horrified hor her rifled b by the scenes In the bitter everyday life liCe of ot tho the unfortunate inhabitants Inhabitant of Petrograd It is impossible not to be bo moved moed by their struggle with hun hunger er and I cold therein reigning by the tens of ot thousands of deaths occurring every month and which threaten the tho speedy e dying off oCt of ot the tho remainder re remainder remainder re- re of ot the population of ot the former Russian capital who are arc victims of spotted abdominal and intermittent tJ typhus hus dysentery Spanish Influenza f smallpox heavy helVY pulmonary diseases cs and hunger exhaustion Nor Is It possible to realize without bein being belne touched that these horrors are not a myth but a sad r reality which Is being confirmed by physician refugees who have escaped ped from Russia and which moreover Is b not nol b being denied In statistical data published b by the rulers of the tho perishing people the themselves Petrograd Registers General Condition The great value of ot Professor pamphlet consists In that it Is not propaganda It merely describes certain conditions conditions conditions condi condi- existing In Petrograd and the they are aro Indicative Uvo of ot conditions prevailing through soviet so Russia In general In fact tact Professor statement Is based upon his personal knowledge o of ot the I medical sanitary and technical situation In Petrograd as well as upon reports i-ecel i received cd by the Vl Viborg VI- VI VII I borg section of ot tho the Russian RedCross Red RedCross Cross from physicians architects and engineers I l Is it possible for a civilized cI I I mind to conceive c of ot a city which I before the outbreak of tho revolution revo revo- I lution had had a population of more than left without electricity elec clee- ga gas fuel a a. water system system tem tern and canalization Is it further further fur tur- ther possible to picture ro tho ho Immediate Im Im- im- im mediate results of ot such a deplorable de deplorable deplorable de- de lack of ot Indispensable technical equIpment I To this Professor Protessor who Is neither anti antl nor gives an accurate account which may be summarized as follows In tho the first place dwellings are arc In a state of complete deca decay not only because of ot tho the colossal prices of materials and wag wages s. s but also aso because of or the tho fact tact that house porters were abol abol- partly as a bourgeois pro pro- and partly because the thi Intended to use use use- tlc the h house se porters for tor cutting wood t t present the tho houses are ad administered administered ad- ad administered ministered by beggars committees commit commit- tec tees ho lie says which arc are composed composed com corn posed either cither of or communists communist who ho arc busy with SP spy work or by laboring people who ho have hl no time to devote devoto to the management of their dwellings AH An the where In previous times fuel was purchased purchased pur pur- chased were nationalized by bv soviet so- so viet officials and it Is la practical practical- U ly Impossible to obtain fuel tuel for tor house hous use One of the woodyard Is confined confined con con- fined In ita Its work to the tho manufacture manufacture manufacture manu manu- facture of ot coffins the pro production of ot which reached the mark of ot coffins per month which quantity proves Insufficient Fuel lUel Is s BO so scarce that houses are being torn down Barges which were used for carryIng carryIng carrying carry- carry Ing wood have ha been d demolished and wood pavements torn tom up to furnish fuel tuel for tor the inhabitants o 0 of Petrograd The municipal transportation transportation trans trans- system han ham completely broken down since all tho the horses requisitioned for tor food and andI various other purposes Even I horses used by the excavation di division division division di- di vision were requisitioned by Bolshevist Bolshevist Bolshevist Bol Bol- officials It H became im impossible Im- Im possible pO therefore to remove the tho dirt from the str streets ts which I Is I being dumped In vacant places al almost almost almost al- al most in th center of ot Petrograd Filth Disgusts B Beggars gar In December 1910 1919 a peculiar r convention of or Beggars' Beggars Committees I Deputies was held In Petrograd During this convention tho the question ques ion tion of the deplorable condition of ot tho city was discussed In detail At that time timo It was pointed out that the water pl pipes 8 In nearly all aU houses had frozen and burst the lodgings edgings having been flooded with filthy fluids coming from toilets while the tho holes dust garbage I receptacles could not be bo cleaned I In answer to these reports the Soviet commissar Evdokimoff who presided at tho the convention did not find anything better botter to propose than the tho worn out Bolshevist vist decree compelling all tenants tenants tenants ten ten- ants between the ages of at 17 and GO CO under threat of ot being fined and arrested to proceed Immediately with the cleaning of yards ard and streets and to restore the houses to a n. condition It should bo be borne In mind that conditions as above described not only prevail In private hou houses s but also in governmental buildings In this connection the following report is of ot tho the utmost significance cance canco At 11 street one can visit an h institution bearing the tho ambitious title Commission of ot Sanitary Welfare of ot tho the City of ot Petrograd In this building tho the central heating Is out of ot operation I In n spite of ot every endeavor to put ItIn it itIn i In n order With tho the aid of ot all alt the means and knowledge of or the tho municipal muni cipal administration but few tew rooms are being heated with small i Iron ron stoves with pipes going through tho the windows In the tho same Institution one can ascertain that the water system and toilets are aro out of operation I I Similar if it not worse Is the situ situ- In schools and other so- so called educational institutions managed by the In Professor report tho the following fol tol- lowing towing statement will wilt c certainly be read with surprise by those Intellectuals In of the parlor vist tJ type e who think that Soviet Russia Is furnishing a wonder fd dl social experiment to the tho outside outside out- out side world orld Generally speaking says Dr N. N N. N ono of or Professor ProCessor Informants the whole school life has been converted Into a continuous continuous continuous contin contin- caricature If It ono one should attempt at attempt attempt at- at tempt to visit a school at 9 a. a m. m then due to the absence of ot light it would be possible to walk through the tho schoolroom only by groping c along alonS' In the classes ono one should notice small man shadows grouped around one big bit shadow shadow- those are children wrapped up In their winter clothes and the school teacher also wrapped up from head to to foot to protect herself herselt her her- self from tho tho cold performing her pedagogical duties Much worse It if possible Is the tho condition of oC hospitals and other medical Institutions d. d The Tho horrors In sanitary trains are arc appalling At one time timo there were approximately approximately sick soldiers kept In r railroad cars rs near Petrograd be because because be be- c cause ause It was impossible to accept s such uch a largo large number of ot diseased in I n tho the Petrograd hospitals which a aro re always alwa's overcrowded Piti Pitiable State of the tho Sick Professor Protessor gives the tho following fol fol- l owing lowing details of ot the the situation r referred to The sanitary condition of oC the tho sick ick s In railroad cars cara In the tho vi vicinity vi- vi c of ot Petrograd is beyond de do- do s Even Een If It a train had medical personnel all the mem mem- members members b bers ers of at the medical staff start fell tell sick There was nobody to hand band them hem t water or moisten their dry t tongues which cracked and bled P People eople froze their hands and legs a and nd to death due to the se severe so- so ay y vere ore cold and in addition to the main disease the they always contracted contracted con con- t pneumonia Both the d diseased from the tho front and those from f rom garrison were t taken aken to the hospitals hungry dirty all aU cov covered ed with cooties and having ha skin diseases Without exaggeration It can be ascertained that a a. majority of ot tho the patients who were sick alck with spotted or Intermittent typhus were taken Into the tho sickroom covered with cooties thus infectIng infecting infect infect- ing each other with spotted ty typhus typhus typhus ty- ty and also spreading the tho diseaSe disease disease dis dis- ease among the medical personnel person person- nd nel and their assistants The Tho hospital Inventory Is la Ina In Ina Inn a n chaotic state People steal teal linen nightgowns and blankets Th The belongings of ot tho the patients are aro stolen from the lockers Nurses steal wood end ClOd take it home Both the patients and the lower personnel are arC engaged In La wholesale stealing Medical supplies are Ue very scarce searce and there Is a complete I absence of ot some of ot the most common and Indispensable remo- remo dies Bicarbonate of ot soda Is 13 not nil allowed owed neither are castor oil all etc ele nino nine and camphor oil are given In minimum doses Operations Operations Opera are performed under most difficult conditions The temperature temperature tem tern in tho the operating room varies from 3 to 6 degrees R. R The Tho patient freezes and the hands of ot the surgeons freeze ze too Almost all Op operations result In complications such as ns pneumonia nia and ulcers Water pipes burst and the tho fixtures fixtures fix fix- tures ture in toilets are aro out of ot order Toilets are In a filthy state Laundries and fumigating plants work very ery Inaccurately duo due partly partly part part- ly to the deca decay of or the pipes and partly as a re result of ot the lack of ot fuel tuel In the morgues of ot tho the anatomical anatomical ana aria I sections there thero accumulates accumulates lates ates an enormous number of ot corpses and there are no coffins coffins cot cof cof- cof fins tins and no materials for ban ban- dages Physicians are overtired and exhausted In In the extreme Every physician has bas from to 00 patients Scientific life lite has stopped entire entire- ly There Is no gas sas Wood fuel tuel Is very scarce So aro are alcohol and kerosene It is impossible to obtain many chem chemicals I medIcines medicines medicines medi medI- cines and medical implements Nor is it possible to keep or procure procure procuro pro pro- cure curo animals for tor experimental research search No Fuel No Water Due to tho the absence of fuel combined with considerable frosts which prevailed In January and I February 1920 no private apartment apartments apart apart- ments ment and public buildings in Petrograd rad were brought to a dreadful condition The water system decayed the report runs Bathtubs and nd toilets were put out of ot ord order r. r All 11 tho the filth from the pipes has risen tl to the surface while th ho tenants m n the apartments heap up to the last degree Dirt rubbish and waste water aro are thrown out anywhere on staircases in yards ards and even through windows into the streets All this Is not beIn beIn being be be- In ing removed Dirt accumulates converting hOIl houses cs Into filthy lilaces places The temperature In Inmany Inmany inmany many apartments Is below roro zoro The Tho Inhabitants no lon longer er un un- un dress res They keel keep on their fur Coats They sleep with their clothes on covered up with endless sweaters and The They do not wash for several months The They Thedo do not change chanse their underwear underwear under under- r- r wear and of course courso become In- In with cooties The slightest Illness leads to most serious com corn Due to the effect of ot hunger and cold in the skin on the hands and feet reet especially among elderly men and nd children there appear peculiar mailer maller or larger In size which have a 1 tendency of ot being converted converted con con- Into ulcers which practically cannot be bo healed he |