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Show - 'fl petticoat 'p) P8JIT6P lv .V "41 i I ADY DUFF GORDON, the famous ' LucJa of ' 'Sflfrftji' $ff P ' L London nd foremost creator of fashions in the f4ra titffiu S 3jBBfcy'' 1 wrld writes each -week the fashion article for this OThkiL tf&C L. petticoat ragr .v Hfef ' it f" a II ISiHSId1!!!!" mD " j ty mm. t'SSl SIadC 44lMH Jr.1 1 k " !B Duff Gorlon Pam "'lishment brings her into M vKe& Sa" fcfe; ' l Afternoon HP?- HHBL J Al&Mt& WSS3BtS Bodice and Chinchilla Collar , IcW1 i The Gyroscope WiU Solve the Problem of JS 4vC4l Aerial Navigation and Torpedo Warfare V - JSSSi AT A ? aef0p,ane,Sta"e " lmrible 'or The earth itself is a huge gyroscope a ban with flat l V 4t-f-lOTf. f lLthepreorthescopeto nT T H ' ff?fff f iMffiHi b.6Kln at,th6 be&tanlnS " y0U l00k at a child 3 to precessional motion around the perpendicufar the CU f jtftjl. . a , . fiSwHi raP,dJy U Seems mu'" If onward aspect does- of the ecliptic that is to say in STSS frt the orb? tZ ftkL pW'WWIBW' chaDf at all W, of Its mass leaves Its place scribed by the earth around tte sun Te aovement ,so R I r.Ai, MX SSA only to be replaced by an identical element. Yet It is , ow that the complete revolution take 2 ToM yew, but tiy LGdy JptlF SS25 possessed of certain properties very different from those its existence is plainly established and has a, a conse DUC J m possessed by it when at rest. If after placing the point quence the precession of the Mulno. , Ujj-L0Td0n J cup this top is left to the action of gravity it the Greek astronomer Hipplrchus y f LUCILE") VSP Dl , . , , , will be observed that the axis instead of falling vertically Here too we are in the Dresence nf - 1 LWl'"-t 1 Steel Colored Bodice and Flesh flniT preserves a constant Inclination and h.ln tn rt.rth . m,. ., .!. ,Presence f gyroscopic effect By Lady Duff-Gordon ( LUCILE") EIGHTEEN months ago If one asked In a Fifth Avenue shop to be ahown some petticoats, the young lady in attendance would look at one with a blank 1-don t know what you mean look. "Petticoats T she would re peat. "Oh yes you mean for old ladies madam and would direct you where you might find some comforting woollen garments that one sends in one a Christmas bun dies to the poor this being the only kind of petticoat knows , in 'the time of the tight skirt a. ' To-day one cannot enter a shop without being faced with rows of multi-colored, much befrilled and beflowered delight ful creations that are to be worn under the full .skirts that have taken their place To my mind the petticoat, like a hat boots or gloves ' must be individual with the garment. That is why so many of my dresses are mada with the petticoats actually at tached and made into the gown with which they are to be worn. I am making petticoats in endless varieties and of endless methods Some are made frilly and fluffy to be worn underneath the hooped skirt some are made with hoops In. them to be worn underneath a fully cut skirt that is not hooped some are trimmed with flowers lace embroidery I have a delightful little gray dress simple and quite Puritan In cut while the petticoat inside is of black and white embroidery over the usual flesh-colored foundation It is so amusing to see this little taffeta dress just caught up as f by accident at the side displaying this startling undergarment, somewhat bold in design the black being of inlets of tulle and the embroidery being of floss silk and run with black ribbon The pictures I have chosen this week frre particularly suitable to my above talk because each of them has a petticoat of its own. While each in a way is of different style so far as the dress gos two are of picture persua sion while two are distinctly modern though of course I don t say the picture dresses are not modern too as practi cally every smart gown of the moment is borrowed directly from the early ?0 s or 40 a of the last century The little sprigged taffeta made over a hoop las a pet tlcoat made of a succession of Valenciennes frills with a line of skunk and more Valenciennes, with tiny bouquets of flowers above that The little bodice is tight and pointed girdled with shades of lavender and green while the small rushing on the basque and sleeves and bonnet match thcue on the petticoat To the right Is a little stiff satin gown embroidered in rose color over a petticoat made with hoops In it while Dink and silver striped satin form the bodice Petticoav. aniT sleeves are made In one garment coming through armholea fho chnnidAra which is of silver lace. ' ' " J L J Steel Colored Bodice and Flesh and Silver Petticoat Again further to the right is a little afternoon dress of green velvet, with a green chiffon bodice and chinchilla .,ncbUla also ls worn on tns canary colored hat. The little evening dress at the bottom is of silver gray and black je embroidered tulle with a steel colored bodies and a flesh and silver netticoaf. The Gyroscope Will Solve the Problem of Aerial Navigation and Torpedo Warfare By LEON LECORMT, of the French Institute MAKE the aeroplane stable make it Impossible for it to turn over or lose its balance and the problem of aerial nagivatlon ls solved is the admission of most scientists To understand the principle of the gyroscope we have to begin at the beginning If you look at a child s top spin nlng rapidly it seems motionless Its outward aspect does-not does-not change at all each particle of its mass leaves Its place only to be replaced by an identical element. Yet it is possessed of certain properties very different from those possessed by it when at rest. If after placing the point in a fixed cup this top Is left to the action of gravity it will be observed that the axis instead of falling vertically preserves a constant Inclination and begins to describe a cone about the vertical starting from the point. What is it that ls the cause of neutralizing this action of the weight? It is not enough to say that the rotation, develop? centrifugal forces which pull upon the axis. These centrifugal forces act equally upon all parts and are Incapable of preventing the fall If the axis does not fall it is because as its direction changes, new forces are en gendered called in mechanics compound centrifugal forces the purpose of which is directly to counteract the weight Calculations have demonstrated that they act upon the axis to displace It conlcally and to this we give tl e name precession which verifies our experience for If we prevent the precession from acting the axis falls at once and, Inversely If we press upon the axis to increase the precession the axis rises more and more These curious properties of the top may be generalized leading us to the idea of the gyroscopic or gyrostatio effect. In this way we learn that if a body entirely sym metrical to Us axis ls turned rapidly on that axis of whi6h one point remains fixed if we apply force to any other point of that axis It will be found to move not in; the direction of that force but In a perpendicular direc tion with a rapidity which other things being equal, is in Inverse proportion to the rapidity of the rotation The axis is thus more stable than the rotation and more rapid and besides It sways laterally Instead of obeying directly the pressure brought to bear upon it An experiment will show this clearly Take a solid ring the axis of which is supported at each end in some way and after giving the ring rapid rotation try to swing the support At this moment we feel the same sensation as if an invisible hand had caught hold of the apparatus and given It a perpendicular twist away from what we want to do A savage trying this for the first time would deem himself In the presence of a mjsterlous divinity If a stone or wooden egg be placed upon a table and spun quickly the egg will be seen to rise on one of its ends showing the gyroscopic action This must be done with a more or less rough egg to secure the friction on the table At a meeting held" in the Royal Institution of Great Britain February 14 1913 Professor Andrew Gray of the University of Glasgow demonstrated a variety of gyroscopic gyro-scopic apparatus one adapted to a bicycle showing how it was balanced automatically and perfectly The earth Itself ls a huge gyroscope a ban with flat tened ends and broadest at the equator If this great top were not subject to outer attractions Its axis would pre serve the same inclination invariably But astronomical observations prove that in reality this axis possesses a precessional motion around the perpendicular in the plane of the ecliptic that is to say in the plane of the orbit de scribed by the earth around the sun The movement Is so e ow that the complete revolution take3 26 000 years but its existence is plainly established and has as a conse quence the precession of the equinoxes discovered by the Greek astronomer Hipparchus Here too we are in the presence of a gyroscopio effect The perturbing force is the attraction exercised by the sun (and also by the moon) upon the equatorial expansion If the earth did not revolve this attraction of the sun would be felt by that part of the equator nearest to It tTS t!1,et.1InB 0t 019 P0lea t0 change Perpendicularly to the ecliptic causing the disappearance of the seasons but the earth does revolve and the attraction of the poles becomes a conical precession The rotation of the earth has been proved by the gyroscope but more than that the gyroscope can be and is applied to the compass so that it is always kept perfectly true and pointing as it should The metal mass of the modern ship does not affect the gyroscop e compass as it does the ordinary compass The gyroscopic compass is of great value because it takes the same inclination as the line of the pole and thus lndi-cates lndi-cates the latitude to the captain of the ship or aeroplane. The application of the gyroscope to submarine to pedoes has increased the efficiency of these-awful imple-ments imple-ments of warfare manifold. It is impossible to give the to a shell when fired from a cannon, but each one of the torpedoes has Its own small gyroscope at the back which preserves the balance perfectly and aids enormously in the scoring of a shot Gyroscopic principles have been applied only Very lately to the perfecting of turbine engines in wWehttS revolutions must be very rapid and where great difflcuy was ound until automatic regulators of the shft7were supplied and these on gyroscopic principles Gyroscopic effects are apparent in any turning body no matter what the size The earth itself "cts likf a of maHerTL " " or matter if as we suppose they are in constant revo- flZJ u? kD0Wa DeIther lmablllty nor cor wlt L mf?lSm DOr electrlcl . als only with gyrostats and living vortices Bogaert holds that If we take account of the gyroscopio properties of molecules ZlJ3 abandon. cr'am bold doctrines which tend to diminish the principles of mechanics and notably to destroy the idea of mass J?; a11 "J apple led Ne"m to the discovery ot gravitation, which governs the astronomical world Why then may not the child s top which 0n the contrary r fuses to fall reveal to us the mysteries of the world ot |