| Show TWO POnTA T expeditions tho north ii polo olo and 1 pole tobe out ay from the ibo london ua 12 ina in a few days ihnot io a few hous hourt the uh challenger allenger will start on her long three years voyage of discor discovery erl and add research singular enough it is ia now 8 as may be years since since cook att out on llis his expedition tion A hundred years lave have dune done great e t things for w u and in these FI daty of screw steamers and ocean t telegraphs a voy toyace ago round the world is it a comparatively little matter the challenger however starts upon no ordinary cruise after a brief visit to lisbon gibraltar and madeira she ehe will spend pend twelve a entire in in ia thoroughly exploring tho the great basin of the AlTa otic thence eho will fight her way southward to the regions va of thick luick ribbed ico ice that hem in the southern rule fule thence again she will wing her way to australia aud and now new zealand and so BO on through tho the soral coral ocean to japan returning home wa waid aid byway by way of the pacific nor will the he 0 gaudot llant vessel be alone ia the ho tal it t n now ow seems more than probable that bat yet Ano liter I 1 will be sent out oat to explore the unknown regions round the north polo sailing through davis baris straits and baffino Baff ins bay into smiths ia 1851 1854 sighted north bertli of capo cape constitution ution a boundless open polar sea ear teeming with animal life it is e now proposed prop OBed that as ai a compliment to the deep sea voyage of the Chal challenger leDger yet a second expedition should be dispatched to visit the north coast of greenland and to make its way to kanes open ocean and it is ia understood that mr gladstone has consonia consented to receive a deputation which will urge upon b him bin in the advisability of opening P the national purse puree string barins for this effort should tho he memoria lists carry their point we shall have conjointly at work an arctic and au an antarctic expedition the challenger with her vast store of apparatus will be beatini beating 9 round about the southern pole while her sister ship will bo be making the best beet of her way a against z ainest the cruel floes up baffino Baff ins bay thus will orth pule pole and pole bo be simultaneously searched arched Bc out and although it is difficult to answer by the card those who in a spirit of pounds shillings and pence demand querulously ati lioney aono it is yet easy to see era that the which these conjoint cuu joint expeditions are arc likely to lo mako make will be odthe of the gr greatest eates scientific value prom them we thill shall gain nhat wo we sorely want a more or less ICES exact map ortho of the ocean depths with a chart of the great deep sea currents more accurate than any it at present io in our we thill colye several difficult problems in magnetism that remain remain as yet yd unsettled and we may possibly add considerably to our now knowledge of the geography of the two poles polca the value of discoveries co such as these it is hard bard to so eg liento diate precisely in coinage of the realm it may however caraolo business liMi oets men to know that the challenger fitted out as io an explorer will cost a less sum bum annually than she would cost if in full cominis com iuis iou and that the expenses of the baffino Baff ins bay expedition are arc likely to more than rn re pay then themselves selves should only an outlet 1 c afi be e d discovered into that hat b boundless c un d alciss ocean which just eig eighteen litefa years ago spread itself out beicco panes eyes aud and in ia which whalem mbaba wallowed as thick as gudgeons hudgeons gud geons roll upon the tedd din lugton a ton sand banks As the earth like a gig gigantic antio orange spins roq round and ad round on her own axis the but hugo 0 a mate of the seas water heated nt at t the he equator by the direct rays of a vertically poised suu run flows off nort northward hirard and southward tout kout hward towards the two pole A abady like some monstrous river runs luni due dua norh and south trod from the equator and us its the stream ampro approaches abbes the polo it rises to the surface at iho else try cry centre of be norall biolo ole there is no land and the warm currents ascending like a great geyser or hot springs Ep rings from tho lower depths th themselves em selves out anil and foru a wide open arctic ocean the homo bowe of seal eoal and walrus of u whale and bear so intense however is ia the cold thra that the llie warm undercurrent under current currenti as soon boon as it reaches the surface and ana returns luck back upon itself toward the he equator freezes into huge floes and hummocks and thus it is that 1 manes kanea polar sea rca is girt airl in by a giant circle of lee ice which is forever sail and ever traveling toward the south over those dreary waters water barry did his bost bodt to journey due north but found huud to his dismay that the ico ica over which lie was fledging floated downward toward tho equator far more rapidly than he with a could imade make way in the direction of the aprile ue e was in short to chat climb ii giatis treadmill tread mill end and BO be gave up the ai Sip hcan task lu in a very reasonable fit 0 of f despair at the aquill pole analogous il if not nol hirly iden identie tit difficulties will meet the crew and company of the challenger theocia Th there ercia it BO 0 far as ai wo we can no epou tea ea at tle the ruuth pole but bu r a luisi quisi aas continent i 11 I 1 chic it south victoria land L audi iha lud laud anil iud arc us as it wire tic the outlying the shores chores of this abia autarkic Aut ut artic conti tient critics up the jarw baruj equatorial current Lurre nl drifting off iff ugia again toward th lit equator it gradually can congeals geals iota a colossal culo esal ring of ice hichi tx ex arter after explorer raoui furneaux 1 to frodi 1 houi 11 h W biscoe irom from willies to t aurillo JU I 1 rillo I 1 ind and junille to lu rues lluis I 1 las has in ia vila vaia attempted to make his bia way from pole as from north a huge glacier runs rues towards tho the tropics beyond this tb n wall of lev ice and in its it very heart or core lies a land of the where the climate is forever warm and equable and here six men months of perpetual dark darkness nesi fullow six aix months of perpetual sunlight it is a little strange that we in the nineteenth century find bad the old dreams of tru ia fact yet it stands beyond all question that eliat at the very heart or of the south polo there lies lien a pleasant region possibly inhabited with a warm sea ca lapping it its shores which nevertheless some come or miles from its coast line ij ii locked in by an iron ring of iceberg rising high as aa the himalayas th inhabitants if soy any there bo be ot of this strange clime are arc dwellers in a valley shut abut in by a huge circular wall of crystal while between them and acid their glassy barrier rolls that very cum ambient oceanus of which the greek cosmogonists bung and in ia the iho existence of which the chronicler of himself believed wo we dare hardly hope that either north pole or south will bo be reached ere many years have rolled over our heads ice which travels towards the th e equator unto r faster than the explorer can male mako his culty practically insuperable and if ever wo we are arc to visit the lana land of the to explore the Ere RhoU of the south au or to harpoon whale and walrus I 1 in the open ocean of the north we shall have to press mr Cui cuimella wella successors Bucce Mora into our service eer vice and to travel ravel through tb roub the air in aerial team steam engines eti gines as fully equipped fur for a three years voyage as is is at present the challenger for her fiig dredging an d sounding q tour our but it wo ard are not at present likely to reach either or kanes ocean it is at beut leut certain that the results which expeditious such as that of the Challenge rare like i ly to obtain for us will tic be of alia able value we have at present no accurate map ui ip of the oceans occa ull bottom nor any chart of the currents currenti indeed the wyville thompson expedition if we may so call it is 13 expressly sent out to 0 o aud and rake the sea the tb gallant vessel V cl carries with her miles of bourn sounding line I 1 ine and an d 50 miles of whale line with with which to dredge father oceans depths she is armed to the teeth with brawls trawls seines and nets and for day after day she will hover about taking soundings dinga scra scraping piol the ocean floor and bringing up shells she Is with their builders taud mud gravel weeds R and other specimens of tho the deep sea flora and fauna chemists natura lisit are upon her staff obeis she if in 10 short a microcosm micro coso in a microcosm sm and will doubt doubtless les do her duty through each lour hour other of her loog long and drear dreary three year voyage what news eho bo will bring back it were to anticipate bat it is certain ania that on one point at any rate she will add to the solid material wealth of the world vor for the success of ocean telegraphy it is essential casc daiil to know the configuration odthe depths or of the sea the shape and D a character of its bed the nature of the creatures and that haunt hallat it the force and set of its currents the figure and dimensions dimen Biona of the great ocean basins basics and the temperature of f the water at various depths on all these points the records of tho the challenger Chille Challe oger will mill have much t to I 1 tell us and upon ibea will de depend peni the future 0 of f submarine telegraphy it is then aon upon no common abject that the Cli challenger allea cr it cisal cl ed that abat mr lwe loosens the 1 treasury I i ry purse strings and that mr loblien places a Q queens icons ship with her crew at tho the disposal of the kobal society fur three ledio tedious uj years the vessel veil will be the silt salt s waves without of her labors the duties will lo be long iong and donoto houi the ibe voyage weary wear y and exhaust ing all buc ceis then ought we to wish to her and to the gal gallant laut body of volunteers by which the she is manned and 1041 should she eho not discover the lly ily land itself rosy tho jet flit unharmed from north t to south from the antarctic ocean to the north pacific and so return are to port tier her crew safe arid and sound soun dand nod herself lidan with tho the rich spoils of enrco berrs uninterrupted scientific research |
