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Show That Youngster of Yours-Gen- ius, or Just Plain 6Kid9? Science Examines These 'Child Wonders' and Gives Its Opinion By JOSEPH W. LaBINE Many, many years ago a polite four-year-o- ld boy sat on his stool while two portly and well - dressed women sipped tea. The maid walked in with a pot of hot water, stumbled, and spilled it on the little boy's legs. "Tommykins! Tommy-kins!- " gushed one of the women, "did the nasty water hurt 'oo?M Tommy looked at her wise-ly for a moment, then re-- I plied: "Thank you madam, the agony is quite abated." "Tommykins" was Thomas Macaulay, who later became one of England's greatest statesmen and essayists. Inci-dents like the above stamped Tommy as a "child genius" from whom great things could be ex- - ' " ' h f"':J 4L, '"'"A - . """--tm Jimmy Woods, three years old, whose early training was under di-rection of the child development clinic of New York's Columbia-Presbyteria- n medical center, chatters into a microphone as his twin brother, reared without scientific aid, listens silently. and Dr. Irving Lorgo located C2 of them, ranging in aye from 22 to 25 years, and examined their private lives. The promise of childhood was being abundantly fulfilled! Out of the 62 there were five who tested- - above 180 (which goes "through the ceiling" of the best intelligence tests). Before reaching 22 one had done excellent research work in history, another in mathe-matics, another in chess. The other two were already establishing en-viable places for themselves in cho-sen professions. These were cases of true, native ability, carfully managed and de-veloped. But educators shudder when they hear of an ambitious par-ent heaping work upon his child's head, merely because an intelli-gence test has shown some degree of brilliance. Mentally overstuffed children seldom get any place in life; more often these are the young-sters who become mental cases. It's happened time and again, maybe in your own experience. But how about these unusually bright tots who pop into the head-lines? As unusual children, should pected. Thomas Macaulay really amount-ed to something when he grew up, but was It genius? Every now and then American newspapers recite the wonders of a four-year-o- child who plays diffi-cult sonatas on his mother's piano, or of a second grade pupil whose poetry shows remarkable talent. Immediately such youngsters are stamped with the title "genius" or "prodigy" and grow up under the withering spotlight of publicity. The Simple Truth. The "prodigy" problem has of-fered science one of its most fasci-nating studies these past few years and some startling decisions have been reached about child wonders. In essence, it boils down to the fact that such youngsters are sim-ply brighter than average and that they'll grow up to be perfectly nor-mal men and women if handled properly. But incorrect supervision can be devastating. One little youngster was given an intelligence quotient rating of 184 (100 is normal). Her mother never quite got over the shock of hearing that her child was brilliant. She literally stood in awe when the child was around, waited on her hand and foot and in the end made the "prodigy" entirely de-pendent on her mother. These few cases, in which bril-liant children have been ruined by publicity and improper training, often make parents shudder with fright to learn their youngster has a high intelligence. A few "prodi-gies" have broken down nervously; some have even gone to the insane asylum. But the record shows that most likely they grow up to take a commanding position in the business or professional worlds. Back in 1922 Dr. Leta S. Hollings-wort- h of Columbia University Teachers college selected a group of 116 New York children with I. Q. ratings of 130 or higher. Some of them received specialized training for three years. Then they were forgotten, left to lead their own lives. ( Bright Children Grow Up. But last yeaV Dr. Hollingsworth I rf M 'NA r f j i"- - it) ..i"VJL -- r 4 v x ill feTl. . 1 Six-- j ear-ol- d Phyllis Anne Thomp-son arranges an exhibit of her art at the Grand Central art galleries in New York. Critics were amazed at the work of this "child wonder." they not be given special treatment, just as retarded youngsters are seg-regated to overcome their handi-caps? Dr. Hollingsworth thinks so, and to bear out her theory shes started the Spcyer school for gifted New York children. Dr. Hollingsworth set about with the special Stunford-Bine- t tests to select her 50 pupils. When they were chosen, she found these prodi-gies (and she hates the term, prodi-gies!) weren't tall and spindly, ec-centric or shy. They didn't even wear horn-rimme- glasses. Maybe you think it's unfair to give these youngsters special advan-tages, but look at it this way: First, let us repeat that they are just as extraordinary as mentally retarded children, and as such re-quire specir.! consideration. In an ordinary class, the brilliant child finds his lessons too easy, ending up by working half the time and wasting the other half. He "rusts away" and a potential leader of fu-ture America is lost. Bark Down to Earth. So New York's 50 shining lights have been placed together in a school where none shines brighter than the rest, where the competition is keener and they have to work to get ahead. You'd be surprised how angry they were when the first re-port cards were issued: instead of the A marks thev imt h .t,,... now received C's. "The first thing these pupils learn," says Dr. Hollingsworth, "is that there are other people in the world just ns bright as they are." The intelligence quotient test briefly, is nothing more than a child's mental age divided by his actual age and multiplied by 100. The men-tal age, though, is where the has work come in. Psychologists have been testing and observing children f"r years to determine just what an average exam-Pie-ca- n do. They have compiled Us s of what youngsters should be able to do at various ages and compare those with the actual abil,' ties. Then if a threeyear-ol- can do just what a three-year-ol- d is sup. Posed to do, his I. Q. is exactly "iw N'ot Always Conclusive. But even these patiently S0lIh results are not conclusive. Jus be "use your child rates hln on h;sI. Q. tpsti itdoesn.ten ,.6S a Sen.us. In the flrst ,)ace are only 300 to 400 men in the world's history who hav b0, n regarded as true geniuses. Psychologists are prettv ,, h gh 1. Q to make a genius. A ft it depends lot on the lives in, luck, and the Ski Tl Publicity. One fellow ho recorded an I W. of 1,5 shorMv hf St.fSrd-four- th dimensio on ht years old, ended up" ' "T car conductor. Maybe your child : ,!5 a Genius, but Vb? ,W SUre about it. ,Vn are c just one ,,f sters with superior ite W v ho' handled sensibly will lf - "edit to pnu " Ut t0 be W"'""Nw.pawr Union. j Price of Success DASEBALL success Is Id own worst hazard, particularly a bif learue manager. Once a manager wins a pennant for his team be must make a habit of winning or expect to be subjected to a kick down and out. At least that Is what the expe SpeakinR of Sports Marathons in GoIfOldStuff, History Shows By GEORGE A. BARCLAY "pALL talcs of endurance on golf courses have been going the rounds since J. Smith Ferebce, young Chicago broker, negotiated 144 holes at Olympia Fields in a single day with a score of 91 and thereby won his business partner's half of a $30,000 Virginia plantation rlcnce of two of the major leagues' most successful managers Charley Grimm and Mickey Cochrane might suggest. Mickey Cochrane was ousted at manager of the Detroit Tigers, fol-lowing closely on the dismissal of Charley Grimm by the Cubs. Coch-rane hadn't won a pennant for De-troit for two years, but he had won pennants In each of the two preced- - HmWuiimjiii'WMwiiPlwi J"""m ""J Ml '" , Y',: J '. 'til1 O'-'- " jf,f ? as well as numerous cash bets. Ferebee became a seven-da- y wonder and an epidemic of golf marathons broke out reminiscent of the pole-sittin- g fever of a decade ago. No one should be brash enough to disparage Ferebee's remarkable feat. He accomplished it under han-dicaps enough to stop an ordinary player. But when old-time- began digging through the records here and abroad they came on some In-teresting instances of golf en-durance that not only equalled Fer-ebee's but gave other aspiring marathoners an even tougher mark to shoot at. For Instance, there was the rec-ord" of Klason Thompson, Chicago newspaper man, who played eight rounds one day back In 1000 at clicking off 144 holes with-out losing his breath. And Thomp-son was 55 years old at the time. Then there was Eddie Wild, who went 163 holes back in 1921 at the Seavlcw course at Atlantic City, MICKEY COCHRANE Ing years. The Tigers finished sec-ond in 1936 and 1937. Charley Grimm's six-yea- r record with the Cubs included two pennants, second place twice and third place twice. All of which might Indicate that the luckiest manager is the one who never quite reaches the top. Gabby Street, now manager of the St. Louis Browns, could probably speak with feeling on the subject. He won pennants for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1930 and 1931 and then slipped down to a tie for sixth In 1932. His exit was dramatic. Probably the lone exception among pennant-winnin- g managers winning a $1,000 bet that he could do the job carrying his own clubs and break 80 every round. When the record hunters traveled across the ocean, they found even more startling examples of golf stunts. Dack in Aberdeen, Scotland, a golfer named W. G. Bloxom wa-gered he could play 12 rounds over the Aberdeen course and then walk ten miles afterwards all within 24 hours. His bet was accepted and one morning In 1875 he started out at 6 a. m., finished between 8 and 9 p. m. and then walked his ten miles. The Aberdeen course was 15 holes, so Bloxom played 180 holes. Scots Arc Tough More recently, In 1910 to be ex-act, another Aberdonlan, II. B. Lumsden, started at 2:20 a. m. and completed 12 rounds before 9 p. m. He is said to have holed out every putt, played 216 holes and averaged 82 strokes per round. Some of the British marathons have taken a bizarre turn. Accou-tred in a suit of heavy armor, a gen-tleman named Harry Dearth played who are able to hold their Jobs when the team skids is Connie Mack. In the past 20 years the Philadelphia Athletics under his tutelage have fin-ished first three times and last six times. They've been in seventh place twice, in sLxth once, in fifth and third twice each and in second four times. One of the reasons Con-nie has hung on is that he is a substantial stockholder in the club. Mickey Cochrane's trouble at De-troit was that success probably came too suddenly. He startled the baseball world by winning a pennant in 1934, his first year as manager and then repeated in 1935, taking the world's championship to boot. Here and There rALIFORNIA friends say Pop Warner will make good his In-tention to retire as an active coach after this season ... He will pass along the Temple job to Fred Swan . . . Bob Seeds, Giant outfielder, punched cattle as youngster on his father's ranch . . , Frank Kohlbcck-er- , the Cleveland Indians' traveling secretary, and Cy Slapnicka, the club's general manager, were bat-tery mates for Milwaukee In the American association during the spitball era . . . Gabby Hartnett promises to be the busiest man in the winter trading markets ... He is dissatisfied with some of his play-ers and feels that new faces would be a welcome change In some other spots. Comes a Cropper? J. SMITH FEREBEE a mat h at Bushey Hall, Scotland, in 1912 and was beaten 2 to 1 be-cause he could not see to putt. An-other Scotch golfer named J. N. INABILITY of Bobby Feller to win consistently for the Cleveland In-dians this season is regarded as one of the prime reasons for the failure of the Tribe to give the Yankees more competition. Last year and the year before it looked as if all the advance ballyhoo about this sen-sational youth with the fireball speed would be fulfilled. But the same faults which plagued him at the start of his career seem Farrar bet he could play 18 holes at Holyoke in less than 100, wearing full infantry equipment, canteen, full field pack and haversack. His score was 94. Of all the marathoners of the links, Bruce Sutherland of Edin-burgh, Scotland, holds the top rec-ord. In 1927 be played 252 boles, starting June 21 at 8:15 p. m. and finishing the following day at 7:30 p. m. Caddies carried torches to light the way during the night. He walked more than 40 miles and fin-ished In a rainstorm. Over in Australia a unique record was made by W. P. R. Boyce, club champion of the Brisbane Golf club, Queensland. He played 108 holes one day over eight different courses covering a le radius. Returning to America, the record hunters found several more stand-outs. For Instance Dan Kenney of Tyler, Texas, and Bill Lundberg of Houston completed 216 holes from 4:30 a. m. to 8 p. m. back in 1923. Kenney took 957 strokes, or 4.4 per hole and Lundberg took 1,003, or 4.7 per bole. In 1918 Charles Daniels played 238 holes at Sabatths' Park, lie accomplished this in 15 hours, had an average score of 94 per le round and covered 35 miles from 4 a. m. to 7:30 p. m. So, Mr. Ferebee, it seems, is one of a long line of golf marathoners. Few on the list, however, have given a better performance than he did. Moreover, his feat has been profita-ble even since he won his partner's half interest in the farm, for he has received a number of offers to en-dorse various commodities for a price and has accepted some of the znore attractive ones. The result of all the publicity and acclaim he re-ceived is that golfers everywhere re trying to outdo his record. BOBBY FELLEB magnified this year wildness In pitching to batters and carelessness in watching runners once they get on base. Bobby still leads the league in strikeouts this year, but he is also far in the lead in bases on balls and his earned run average is somewhere between five and six runs per game. He is frequentl the victim of stolen bases. C Western Newspaper Union. WHO'S NEWS THIS WEEK By LEMUEL F. PARTON NEW YORK. When Sir Walter was here in 1937, It was reported that he was trying to persuade Washington to lend money to Germany, to Runciman soothe Hitler and Master of make him stop Squeeze Play tfrlht5?to Eng" land. may or may not have been his mission, but, as a master of the old squeeze play, he works that way, and, now, as Vis-count Runciman, he is deep In the Downing Street strategy which swings these two cudgels of empire. Prime Minister Chamberlain ap-pointed him as mediator In the Czechoslovak-Sudete- n German nego-tiations, but the Czechs toned that down to adviser. Viscount Runciman has been a silent ally of Viscount Halifax in the quiet, glacial-pressur- e ad-vance of the four-pow- er bloc scheme for a European coalition and the final and complete iso-lation of Russia. It was reported from London, un-- ! verified so far as this writer knows, that it was he who Makes Moves put over a fast In World's credit double-pla- y Chess Came with France and Italy, the moment the Daladier government came in, and he has been tagged as the man who deploys the empire's financial resources in the diplomatic chess game. His father was a ruddy old sea dog who sang chanteys, a cabin boy who became a shipping czar and a baronet. Viscount Runciman is a pallid, tight-lippe- d little man, a total abstainer, a former Sunday School teacher, and a faithful chapel-goe- r. As president of the British board of trade, he made concessions in empire free trade, but he is a pro-tectionist of the Chamberlain tradit-ion. Like many men of small stature, he has the Napoleonic psy-chosis, writing books about Napo-leon and hoarding memorabilia. '"THIS writer has heard from sev--- 1 eral assured but not necessarily authoritative sources that Tullio Serafin would succeed Edward Johnson as man-Seran- n ager of Metro- - To Boss politan Opera. The Met? Signor Serafin has been highly es-teemed here for his musicianship, but all was not well between him and the Metropolitan manage-ment when he returned to Rome in 1935, after a number of years as Italian conductor here. "The Metropolitan has not kept pace with the artistic progress of the modern stage," he said, on his arrival in Rome. "The way opera is put on at the Metropolitan Is ri-diculous ... The great fault with the Metropolitan is the little encourage-ment it is giving to its latent tal-ent." The Metropolitan reply hinted that Signor Serafin was really thinking about money rather than art. In the season '32-'3- 3, he had a fair subsistence wage of $38,200 for the season Tf,J had been worked down to $34,000 l the year he left. He did indicate that he thought that was pretty shabby pay for an ace conductor, but insisted his criti-cism was directed solely at artistic shortcomings. Several years ago, the Metropoli- tan was intent on national self-suf- - Home Talent Auciency in music. was going to For Opera discover and nur-N-o Bargain ture native talent. That hasn't quite come off, and there have been the usual number of importations. It will be interesting if it brings in not only a European manager, but one who is its sharpest critic. Among music lovers of this writ--i er's acquaintance, there seems to be great indifference about where the singers come from as long as j they are good. They insist that mu-- sic, above all, must be free from the sharply nationalistic trends of the day. As a lad, Tullio Serafin laid down a shepherd's crook for a baton. Tending the sheep near Cavarzere on the Venetian mainland, he used to walk sev-cr- al miles to town on Saturday night, at the age of ten, to con-duct the village band. He ed the conservatory at Mi-lan and was a con- - tor in his early youth. At La Scala, in Milan, he was assistant conductor under Gatti-t-asazz- a. He became one of the nx.st widely known and popular con-dueto-m Europe. A stanch supporter of the Fascist regime from its outset, he has been conductor of the Royal Opera at Rome since his departure fr.m New e was rePaced here by Lttore Panizza. ConsontuedsNeKeulurefc ' -- issfei 20 srTd ECONOMY FILMse Extra Prinfi . . , Wrap coin and i;i ' INTERSTATE BRICK CO, Building d Fir, Br.c( TUa Vitriflfd Sewer timl Drain Tile-R- oof Mm J180 So. llih E, y(J) Salt Lake City. !,, ." --.oiElcnguS S. I.. DfiHK KX "A'" ATHjjTjccnnj GREAT WESTERFiliiJ;; IDA HO HrHOOL Kl.ftR? 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The, j cable is from BresttoWl .ifr How Smart Is Your Child? rrJh?0lm'inB. rman mental age scale, taken from Watson Davis' Advance of Science," is part of the tests used by psychologists to determine the mental age and subsequently the I. Q.'s of youngsters given mental tests. At the various age levels, the average youngster is supposed to be capable of the activities listed. 6 Months-Tu-rns head toward ringing bell; vocalizes several well-de-toe- d syllables, like "da. da" and "ma, ma"; listens to speech attentively; can hold one object in each hand briefly. 1 Year-C-an play with two objects, banging them together; speaks four words; uses jargon; can hold three objects; uses spoon-help- s in dressing. 18 Months-Lo-oks behind mirror for reflection; uses tool to pull object within reach; speaks five or more words; points to nose, eyes. hair. 2 Years Obeys simple commands; understands two prepositions names three out of five objects; points to five objects on card-- ' uses words in combination; creases paper in imitation; vocabu-lary, 272 words. S Years Can copy a circle in three trials; knows five prepositions-name-key, penny, knife, watch, pencil; repeats six to seven sylh' bles; vocabulary, 896 words. 4 1'ears Can copy a cross and square; counts four pennies; repeats four digits (such as 7934); vocabulary, 1,540 words. 5 Years-C- an draw imitatively a triangle and prism; names four colors; gives age; vocabulary, 2,072 words. 6 Years Knows right from left; counts 13 pennies; can name nickel penny, quarter, dime; repeats 16 to 18 syllables; vocabulary 2' 5C2 words. 8 Years-C- an count backwards 20 to 1; can give similarities between common objects; defines objects otherwise than by giving 3,600 words. 10 Years Can detect absurdities in statements; can name 60 words in three minutes; repeats six digits cr 20 syllables; vocabulary 5,400 words. ' 12 Years Can define abstract words like pity and justice; can in- - terpret fables; repeats five digits reversed; interprets or tells the story of a picture; vocabulary, 7,200 words. 14 Years Can give differences between a president and a king; can reason out arithmetical problem; repeats seven digits- - voctbn lary. 9.000 words. 15 Years Can give the difference between abstract terms like igno- rance and stupidity; repeats six digits reversed or 28 syllables- has adult intelligence; reads adult books and follows adult recrea- - tion; vocabulary, 11,700 words. "" f i the Gj; Uncle Eben on readsi i we s "What Book" said Uncle J Jj not understand, "ut You's bound to6 i keeps on trying. . It 'Ma'HasSisp In the Annate J j; southern Asm, f six different ,mi- - on the 5:1 but, horse, ghost. |
