Show ij m m w f I 1 I G e- e l gy 1 I 1 t fl t Place Names i I I t i Lt t us continue our researches Into tho I lon and origin of surnames The subject of or place names names nam Is too ido Vide to 1 be dealt with h here re cx except pt zen zen- i rally and nd md would not bo be touched on onar tt at ar rill call It not riot that so Jal large e a a. t proportion pro pro- j jt portion o ot of our surnames are taken tikon front from places Is there them need fur for dealing with such uch with anything like completeness as Isaac Isanc T Taylor Jor has hns In Investigated Investigated In- In the subject hh h- h lv ly and his books bool s. s Words and Places and nd Names s and anti Their Theil HI Histories are arc accessible cc to all In the appendix to tl the latter Is a S1 treatise on English lIsh Village Vil fl Jar lage a o Names A few sett notes rna ratty may bo Ilc tie dc- however to names as Affecting Af at- surn surnames lIne under Mr Taylors Taylor's guidance that those these bearing such alien ma may havo have some understanding as asto asto asto to their significance I It is necessary to remember that place names were In ancient tithes limes inan Inan In Inan an oblique case usually th the locative e or dative an and in course oC or timo thoo names In Inthis this case caso came to be re regarded as nouns or 01 were themselves c declined as nominative Thus Newton Newton New New- ton appears in Saxon Anglo Jo charters ew which Is Js the dative singular lar and the tho n nto ha has been retained in In Wiltshire Elsewhere it lingers on in iii tn much dl ed Is now Newnham If Beall Beal cah hl high h makes maltes hewn hean an in the dativo da- da tivo tiro singular and remains perceptible as asp such In for tor te The dative plural ends In urn um Titus Thus hus bus a house hous forms to the tho houses and this we have aa C corrupted corrupt corrupt- ed iId ll Into In Lincolnshire Is really Now New and Is More More-husum other some Is to or at nt the Wooden House Irous The Tho dative plural of oC cot 1 Is nn nod give UK name nam to near Ie In Yorkshire and Cottam In InDerb n Derbyshire whence tho the surnames Cotton and Cottam Both BoO is a n. building of or boards a 3 Jo log hut The plural is U at t the bottles hence HUlum Hallam at atthe tho the hills becomes Hillam Hallam and Wel- Wel Vellum luni lunt at the tho wells weBs becomes Consequently We wo cannot ahva always s 's be sure that a n. place d determination In Inham ham has the significance of ham a ahome ahome ahome home or ham U an aji enclosure Tho The Saxon Anglo burh burn a fortified place In tho the becomes berg Edinburgh h Is derived e from the nomInative nominative nom nom- e cas case but hut Canterbury from the dative C so also Salisbury Amesbury Shaftesbury III The following list of or terminations is ish ish h hv h no ne means exhaustive but will be found useful Acre cre always meant ant the thc cornland t ploughed or Ol sown It enters into many man combinations Goodacre I Longacre Whitacre Whit 1 it acre Whitaker is a chalky field or 01 else one in which spar is 5 turned up In Devonshire such stich spar is called 1 Whitacre stone Angle a a. corn corner cr Angle Io has hasen given en us Xan NangIe lc Hence we have John de c Angulo 1 Hundred Rolls Barrow Barro Ang Saxon Saxon lo-Saxon a a. wooded hill fit it for lor pasturing pasturing- swine Barrow In The dative plural Is In Devonshire Dev Dev- It is the origin o of many Beres But harrow barrow is also employed as a cairn or mound of stone as vow row the Eagles' Eagles Cairn Saxon Anglo-Saxon a hill hm Beck Saxon Anglo-Saxon bee a a. brook tho tiro German bach back Beck is still sUII in common use in tho the North of En England land as Holbeck Beckett Is a beck heck Becket a. tool took his bis J name from Bee Bec in Normandy it named t cd from bee bec or 01 brook brool hard by bJ tho the mon mon- astery astey Bent Is Isn an n old English name nama for a high pasture or shelving piece o of moorland moorland moor moor- land th thence tho the names Broadbent and Bentley Downward on an ill hll under Tinder r a a. bont bent Ther stood the of or Marz larz arm army army- potent Canterbury Pilgrims Knights nights night's Tale Talc or Beare See above c underBarrow under Barrow Bold Dold a J. J built house one of or stone atone when were In general use u-le and halls of oC timber Newbold Old English a hill swelling out hence the names Bickley Bickle Dickie hackle Buckle German Buchel Both Bothi Saxon Anglo a booth or woot wooden n house Also Celtic bodd hodo a settlement set set- an as Bodmin the monastic settlement settle settle- settlement ment Freebody and other names endIng endIng end- end In Ing in bod hod and bod body L Saxon Anglo-Saxon bolt a a. diminutive diminutive tive the of both In the Highlands a 15 is 50 o used in German we wc have hae Wolfen- Wolfen buttel It occurs In the situated highly bottle Newbottle Bolton Bolton Bolton Bol- Bol ton Is the tun containing a a. bottle hottle Bothwell and Claypole pole the bottle inthe in inthe th the clay Bottom An Saxon Anglo botn both the head o of A valley We c have havo It In composition as 8 Sidebottom Ramsbottom the bottom bottom bottom bot bot- tom tom where ramson or garlic garlie grows the winding head of or orthe the valle valley In Tn Lancashire is the mountain ash whence the tho name for bottom Also Bottome a n. bridge e. Philbrick where It Itis Itis is altered Into brick Trowbridge Bristol for Cor Brigg Drigg Burg Burt Saxon Anglo burn burh In Old 1 Norse bjorg Danish h bor borg bong German hur hurt burg a fortified mace closely akin to berg a mountain It enters enter Into man many combinations both hoth in sin singular ular ularand and dative a as Edinburgh h. h X Canterbury bur and Carris- Carris brugh corrupted to Borr Berry a a. further corruption o of burh hurh found In tho the west of England Eng Eng- land at Perry Berry Head Berry Pomeroy Castle and as a surname Berry Brend Brond a steep Bleep p it decH declivity Brock originally i o 1 morass then a stream a a. very er common name It Jt oc occurs occurs occurs oc- oc curs over O and over o again in the Hundred Hundred Hun Hun- dred Rolls Polls as Alice de la a Broke Andre Andrew An An- n drew ate Broke Peter ad lo to Broke Matilda aUlda ad Broke Sarra de Ie Broke Reginald Reg Reg- InaM behind Broke Richard Broke Droke Reginald del Broke Bardsley It would be absurd to suppose that all these Brooks belonged to one family tamil It Jt was purely a designation of oC place where some humble individual dw dwelt who vho had no surname as yet et Often Orten we have Brooks Butts Near ever every town and village c were the butts where archery archer was practiced He lie who lived b by It was atten Butt Some butts had special designation hence the surname butt Dr Butts was physician to Henry VIII By Old Norse bacr baer byr br Danish b by a farm originally a single house then came to l be e employed d of a group roup of houses Enters Into numerous combinations combinations combi comb nations as 18 Maltby Malthouse En Enderby Ender Ender- rby r- r by Andrews Andrew's house contracted contracted con con- into bee as C Cf Carr rr Celtic caer a camp whence comes Ca Caer r Caradoc Carlisle Carmarthen Carmarthen Carmar Carmar- th then n. n Car Cat Old OM Norse Moorland P Redcar ear tl 41 Cam Carty n. n Celtic 21 lc a aP pile 0 of s stones stone som some some- I uP V over a no U sad III man Surnames ur as Carnaby the tine farm fann ann b by the Cam Cam Carn Caster Chester Latin IaUn as Lancaster Che Chester ter Exeter Exance i aster Street le the tn on the Roman road CHr Cleave Saxon Anglo-Saxon clif Chit Clif- tn X in hl Devon t e as Clovelly Cleave ley and Tuttle gh and Ta Tavy Cleaves Surnames t t Glace Cliffe fore tjI s. s as enclosure n a glen Ien use used In the north Clones o r i ho Celtic a a. lateral valley t al in the west of ot England Ingland U s Cumberland A poet of the thes Cumwhinton aton I e Hair r Cuts in the count county county- z It ls ls' ls r J can match malch y z also WestIn West West- n. n 1 t ete v t cout t Q ahead In Wick Wick- s ti It 34 24 21 we have I 4 4 tda hIm im to the thes n lre Hence c I he the surnames Cope Copps Copeland Cope- Cope land and Coohe Cobley etc thatched cotta cottage cottage cot cot- Cot Saxon Anglo-Saxon a a. ta tage e with mud walls wall Draycott Is Js the dry cottage explains it It- It self and Cotton are arc from the dative plural A Cotterel in Domes ny signifies a small cottage In th the north of England Cot assumes the tho form of or Coate Cut Cot as a suffix become becomes becomes be be- comes come cock just as apricot becomes hU Crag Celtic a rock lengthened lengthened length length- ened mcd In tho the north into Craig In the theOld theOld theOld Old Scottish metrical version of or Ps PI the verse Dle Blessed sed shall he h be that th thy children an and them m against the stones Is rendered now How blessed shall shan that horseman be he That chat riding on his hils haggle Shall take they within his And cast them m the The rhe surnames surname's Cra Cray Crayke ke derive hence Crick Saxon Anglo eric a creek not usual as aR a a. but bu t found round as Creech E Evercreech ch ech Crl Croft Saxon Anglo a Ii small ent en en- t 1 closure hence the surnames Croft Holcroft Hol- Hol croft Crofton Bancroft Is a n Haycroft one ono hedged hells about In the west vest o of England corrupted to Crap Lillicrap the little croft Dalt old Norse dalr i Bu But t Dalton ton docs does not signify the tun in the tho dale but the tun divided In tit two b by u a H- H brook In Jn one of or the Robin Hobin Hood ballads S we have have- By the faith fail of oC m my body then said the young man My name it is Allan a a. Dale Dale is often orten uDall ball Tin fin dall stands for tor Tyne lne Udall is the yew dal Sometimes Dale is corrupted Into dow ow or Daw as or OJ J Den or Saxon Anglo done dene a wooded alle valley In which cattle might covert covelt and pasture Hence fiance the Forests of or Dean den Ar-den Rottingdean Tenterden Tenter- Tenter den Hawarden Willesden den Brogden tho ball badgers badger's ers er's den Roden that o the tilE roes t U II a really Hog Hogsden We Ve Y h hit have e e surnames surname e Deane a sow den Denn Dearden Denman il In a deane Beane also Den Denyer er that has th the same significance a depth of wood In an old English homily in the thirteenth century century cen cen- l Surname Surname Sur Stir tury r It Is used of the thc sea bottom name DIngley Dun Celtic a t fortress but also a a. ahill ahill hill Hambledon Dunn Qu nn |