Show I Attention Should Be Given the Young Ones IOnes IOnest I t I Accidents of P Preventable Mature Nature Na Ma ture Such as Drowning in ill Storms and Death from Predatory Predatory Predatory Pred Pred- atory Animals Cut Profits COMFORT HELPS KEEP FLEDGLINGS HEALTHY Cleanliness of Quarters Plenty of Water and Exercise and Care for Other Wants Pay Money to the BY PROF PROP FREDERIC H. H S' S STONE STONE- BURN Copyrighted 1913 by br byThe byThe The Iho Eugene Co I TI The Ih critical period of oC n a chick life liCe i I li the thc ri MX Ix or eight H ek Daring till time the thc mortality occurs nUll I 1 I. I equally Important the future A Igor sigor nud development de of ot the stock toek largely el determined It la In ninny Tny to tn give dv he hethe the fel- fel lou Jos- liRe closest intention during hiM time the re have Much ucb Jin un Important hearing bearing on the future of or he the It I Is I. cheaper r to tn Nave uve chick hinn to 10 hatch other to replace them It Itt t JK jc far mr better to grow vigorous In- In dh of returning nice to 0 permit them to b he be practically ruined through injudicious ClOD cious or treatment zat at nt first Therefore ful men make It u It point to give ahe the mot most attention to brood until th the douger line It Is Last i eek cek Professor Stoneburn gave nc in detail method of chick feeding Ill ills present contribution contribution con con- den with other Important important im Im- factors factor bearing upon the 11 rearing of chicks Cochin Ideal of are In Mr drawing dnn arc ure great favorites among thi th the admirers of oC pocket edition of poultry This variety combines combine size with feathering An As sup self porting pet for children bantam occupy a n lending leading and ond no breed III IK better thon the Cochins Cochin Ince the they are not Dot difficult to rear lire easily confined do Tell in w 4 quarter and are arc per I layers 4 r lIE work of ot rearing tho seasons season's T THE crop or of chicks Is at once the most p interesting and exacting of or the fc poultry mans duties S. S His Ills success s in inthis this depends upon the manner and the thoroughness with which he provides those things which the chicks require The four great factors which have to tobe be considered are arc constitutional vigor Igor of h-of of the chicks food prot protection and comfort Given a chick which is naturally 4 all ally strong strong- and vigorous feed it properly properly properly prop- prop erly protect it and 1 keep ep it comfortable and It will thrive and grow Neglect an any one of or these factors and trouble will vm follow tollow In a a a. r recent cent contribution to the these thee e columns we C discussed the question n of constitutional vigor an inherited 1 characteristics and ho how hoY Y it ma may be secured through proper selection of 9 p the breeding birds and the elimination v of It the tile weak Int Inferior youngsters Last week we presented tested met methods of ol chick feeding The other factors arc considered herein I B By prot protection cUon we mean the safeguarding safeguarding safe safe- guarding against man many things which naturally natura numbers of or destroy destro great chicks These include rats cats dogs weasels skunks hawks crows and v other othel natural enemies Also extremes of at heat and cold rainstorms driving winds Accidents of ot an all entirely preventable preventable pre pre- character char cut into the flocks including drowning in open water i dishes hanging between improperly A spaced paced slats crushing beneath loose boards or 01 b behind swinging doors M Most st of the tho loss loes from such sources mo may be bea a avoided if it tho the will only 1 plan his coops and runs carefully realizing re- re what he must overcome and making the tho necessary provision pro Coops j with floors and ventilating ventilating- openIngs open- open Ihs Ings protected by wire netting will t repulse the tho night prowlers pro Dogs Dobs an and I cats may be turned back b by ordinary wire poultry fences Hawks and crows ma may t be bo shot or frightened off ote and in any Rny event will m d do but lIttle dama damage e If It r the Jus are provided pro with pl planty nt of t. t places hiding Places into which they may dodge todge when such enemies appear over over- f I. I head J OS piles of brush clumps It ol oz bushes hushes corn patches gro groups ps of ot sunflowers or other tall growth g aro ar Lr t favorite resorts for the little idt fel- fel io- io t lowe and under such shelter the they aref are aro if f seldom m taken by hawks or crows Y CONSTRUCTED COOPS COOP I lr Protection against weather extremes es a f erly constructed coops j rain moisture chilling winds Is 18 easily secured b by housing the broods In prop prop- There here are other r dangers to chick life which are aTe frequently unobserved because not so readily seen been though their effects are aro troublesome and cost cost- ly h Many chick diseases result from roni the tho activities of or moulds and germs of or various kinds which are not visible to the thc eye If It these these are are afforded favor favor- conditions such Much ns m filth and dampness they remain dangerous for I periods period and cause much 10 loss los 8 amon among the tho various broods brood It Jt Is always al- al ways l ad advisable able to 10 keep the chick quarters tel'S clean and sanitary by tho the occasional occa occa- 1 uso tiso of oC whitewash or pow powerful disinfectant If It In addition the coops coop arc aro ventilated and thoroughly hl exposed ex ox- posed to tho the stin sun sunt r rays rs s 's loss from dip dis disease ease will be ba reduced to the minimum It also pays pas to keep ceJ tho the chicks R com corn Discomfort means lowered vi vitality vitality vi- vi slow development do l lessened pro plO Of Ot co course course the tho Immediate ef effects effects ef- ef arc are le less s striking than those follo fol- fol 1 lo ming ing lack of or protection but In the thelon thelong thelong lon long run the they ma may prove almost equally equal eqUal- ly 23 disastrous s. s PROM FROM Under the head bead of ot comfort we may place plc protection from body vermin vermin- I lice and mites mite sult suitable temperature regardless l ss of or outside conditions fresh air plenty plent of ot space In coops and yards ar s. s shade sh and other similar things which have have- to do with J keeping the chicks comfortable an and contented contente None Mono of or these require much expenditure ex ex- ex of ot thou thought ht An Any ny earnest poul poul- tr nall can mal make flake e and keep his growIng growing grow grow- Jn ing stock stoel perfectly comfortable if Ir he hc will m merely reh give Iv careful consideration to the necessities of or tho the case c and then correct an any unfavorable lInta conditions by bythe bythe bythe the application of or a little common commonsense sense t Some Somo of oC the common mistakes es espe- espe daily of beginners mn may to advantage be he presented for fOl consideration Overcrowding Over Over- crowding tho the keeping of ot too many chicks chicles in one olle brood not only results In heavy y mortality among tho the weaker members but adversely l affects tho the de development development de de- of ot the survivors The size of or tho the brood must be determined b by bythe bythe the size of oC the hen or the brooder lover hover ho and also b by tho amount of ot house and yard yar room Another mistake lee Is to keep chicks of or different ages ases in tn one I brood Under such Conditions the younger oun or are deprived ed of or a fair chance They are trampled upon crushed night ht prevented from securing their fair t share of food Frequently e especially espe esPe- Pe- Pe daIly when hen the work Is carried on Under un- un der the dl disadvantage of ot restricted land space the chick yards are arc not kept clean The earliest broods get et alon along finel finely but tho the later ones find their runs stripped of ot vegetation and poisoned pois from the droppings This can be overcome by frequently spading and seeding seeding- to some ome quick growing green reen crop Many times the thc gives the chicks ample room at nt first but hut laths falls to provide prO for expansion as ag they grow Under such conditions It frequently happens lappens that b by the thc time thuc the birds are arc halt half grown the they are literally crammed Into nto tho the coops at night which Is sure suro to o result In overheating continuous colds and stunted growth This may maybo maybo mayho bo ho prevented b by providing pro larger quarters tel'S ers or by dividing the flock from time timeto timeo to o time OF TEll A very en common mistake Is to neglect the he water supply During warm weather veather the drinking Ing water should be he supplied in abundance nce and it should al always always at- at ways be he clean and cool One Ono not In Infrequently Infrequently in- in frequently observes that tho the water w re receptacle receptacle re re- Is set sot out In the sun where its contents are arc bound to speed speedily 11 become warm and unwholesome Once when visiting a poultry farm where this condition existed tho the writer asked the farm manager to put a thermometer Into nto the tho water fount In iii one oue of the yards yard This particular fountain was made malle of oC earthenware re which would have ha kept Its ts contents comfortably cool had it been placed In the shade shadeS As S It was the water was actual actually at t a temperature temperature tempera tempera- ture of oC de degrees ree scarcely a a. cooling drink on a a. hot day Vater dl dishes hes should invariably bl be placed in the shado of or a bush or set In a a. small box I with the tho open side aide to the north In many cases the chicks chicles arc not prIded with shade shad Rapid growth cannot ho bo oo secured In warm weather unless gs there Is 15 ample protection against l the direct rays of or the sun The shade halle from rom tT trees e pr hushes bushes ie is best but If It these arc lacking artificial shelter may b bo be provided pro pro- vided In mon many wa ways s Elevating the thc coops on blocks six to twelve Inches In height will ivill help The coops may be turned turne so that their open sides aides fuce the north Brush m may be piled on low frames or quick growing vines trained over horizontal frames Some poultry poultry- men make male little tents from bran sacks s. or other material Any of or them them- will lII serve the purpose e nicely But furnish h them in sufficient t quantity t and early arl In the tho season LET LEr THEM 1 OUT our EARLY A very err common error errol consists of r keeping the chicks confined In their coops until well alon along in the morn iut lUt shortly short short- ing inS Now ow the they enjoy enjo getting l ly ll after daylight which durin during th this the late spring and summer months comes COlnes at ata a most unreasonably early hour It If the chicks are arc permitted to frt fret r t for two or three hours before being per pAr mittel to get outside especially if it they do not have ha food and fresh wat water r available they will vill suffer much harm This difficulty difficult ma may be largely overcome overcome over over- come by br attaching to coop or om brooder a wire fronted shed hed to which the youngsters Joung may maj- repair as early arly as th they y wish and thus tItus secure exercise In the open air nir while protected from weather and enemies If H food and water r are placed therein the Tn may safely take a morning nap lIn fe feeling sure that his charges are doing doIng- w well lJ 0 Of Or cour course coure e the most vigorous chickens chick chick- orm on ens ar are aie those grown on lr free e eang range rang Fortunate f Indeed dee Is the tho man who can turn turn- his flocks Clocks loo loose e as soon as an the they reach the time proper age to wander at will over cornfield mc meadow dow orchard 01 or woodland Un Under er such treatment the they thrive amazingly since they find findall findall findall I all conditions conducive e to health h and amid comfort But a ver very large proportion of our do not have land to permit them to u u e this system stem and nd the they must adopt such uch plans n. n ui h al t fi fh ui 11 v un v I Ia a advantages of restricted runs They must sp spend nd more time In keeping coops and runs sweet and sanitary Th They Y must scheme to keep the chickens act act- lye I and contented That complete uc- uc cess may y be he secured in this wa way has been conclusively demonstrated l time an and a again aln In all sections of oC the coun coun- U try hOW V TO 10 IM I UCK EXERCISE Chicks Chick may be bo induced to exercise regularly and n vigorously h by feeding them a a. portion of their dally 13 ration i In deep cep Utter litter and nud b by bur burying grain In loosely spaded earth In their wards ar s But lils work vork must be done s I ell 11 Sp Speaking akin akin- of oC this matter Dr Cooper Curtice lato late of or the Rhode Is Js- kind experiment station once remarked There is as much exercise in a a. L kick hick u as In 1 a step stel If lL I cant can't keep my chicks s traveling I i can an at 1 least keep them and the result is the ramp H men will remember this and tn keep leep their chicks busl busily kicking th they can raise good ones After the time chicks are six to ten weeks o of age according accordIng- to breed an and season the they ma may be regarded as past the tha danger dan Jan ger gei period From this time on In th they require loss care They should be he led fed freely abundantly and kept comfort comfort- able ble The object should be to carry earn them to maturity without permitting them to be checked in their growth at nt n C nuy time rJ E Early maturity I Is t ti JoI besought bo Jo i I sought luht but a avoided J. J Th Time The pullet which lays las before sho she reaches maturity Is Interesting as an un in ual u. but hilt 1 Is seldom of or much aCO account nt as lS asa asa a regular profit Fanciers usually isu- isu ally market InterIor Inferior chickens as is early a aa 3 possible in iii n order to give c th the balance bal 0 of tho flock the time fullest to develop elop Into frito valuable CommercIal Commercial Com Corn mercial poultry growers will do o well vell to adopt tho the same plan disposing atall of at all surplus cockerels as the they Iea reach h the broiler stage In order to allow no ample ampI room for tor the The latter h be carefully culled too and all aU that give I e Indications of poor quality sent gent gentH t to H market as ns fast Cast as thc they aro are ob observed r ed Such cockerels as n are IC Jes reserved for breeders should be lie separated from rom th the tho pullets aid ind nd placed in bachelor b I quarters Iuar- Iuar until needed in the br breeding edin pens As a rule early hatched d chicks s s arc are must mot valuable hut but too early carh notching In to he be avoided a The best best lay layers rs are arc those that begin c egg production during October and early November o r as such will produce a goodly number of I egga J during the perlor of hl highest he t s. s In Inthis Inthis this juts connection It may be lie Ob observed el 1 that profits from eggs depend In la large r p measure meas mea ure tire on the seasonable distribution of oC egg cg pro production It is iH possible for tOl a a. hen lien that la lays s 's eggs per year jear ar to re return ye- ye turn greater profits than one laying laying- 1 lEO O. O because her eggs are produced at atthe atthe atthe the time when prices are arc The smaller number of oC winter eggs Is worth more than the greater g number ol of spring and summer e eggs However Howe extra early hatching sometimes some ome- times timo p pays ps s 's well During late August October and carl early November o the Iho egg yield Is usually lr Some Ie regularly hatch man many chicks in February Fob Feb and amid get et the pullets laying late in |