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Show "Marathon War" Is Resumed in Chaco Hostilities Reopened by Bolivia and Paraguay. Washington. South America's "Marathon War" has been resumed. Following a Christmas truce and unsuccessful peace parleys, Paraguay and Bolivia reopened hostilities in the Chaco, a huge lowland covered in part with grass and In part by forests, and lying nearly In the heart of the continent. "Chaco, corrupted from Chucu, means 'hunting ground' in Qulnchua, the language of the Incas of Peru," says Harriet Chalmers Adams in a communication to the National Geographic Geo-graphic society. "Perhaps the ancient an-cient Peruvians bunted In this remote re-mote region beyond the Andes. Per- plunged through the trackless Chaco Cha-co In an unsuccessful attempt to reach Peru. By 151S a party actually actual-ly succeeded In reaching the Pacitlc and returning to Asuncion, takiDg two years for the round trip. "Cattle raising is Paraguay's chief Industry, meat products leading among Its exports. The Chaco, with Its high native stock grasses and ample water supply, is a promising cattle country. There is probably no stock raising region in the United Unit-ed States possessing such fine natural nat-ural grazing lands, In spite of the Chaco's handicap of occasional floods. As the vast plains of Argentina Ar-gentina are more and more ,lven over to the cultivation of ceteals, the cattle ranges are bound to creep north to the grasslands of Paraguay haps Inean tribes, fleeing from Spanish invaders, settled here, mingling min-gling their blood with that of the original Inhabitants. "One may see the Chaco from the wharves of Paraguay's capital, Asuncion. It begins on the opposite, or western shore, of the Paraguay river. A vast, low-lying, swampy region, given over for the most part to primitive nomadic tribes, the Chaco is being reclaimed as a cattle country. It Is the larger but more sparsely settled portion of Paraguay. Para-guay. All but 50,000 of the 800,000 Inhabitants of Paraguay live on the eastern, or Asuncion shore, where the land is slightly rolling, savannas mingling with forest, and tree-clad hills rise to perhaps 1,500 feet altitude. al-titude. Splendid Grazing Lands. "As early as 1537 the Intrepid colonists col-onists who founded Asuncion logs cut and left in the forest for 25 years have been found sound. i Extremes In Climate. ' "The Chaco is uniformly flat; Its climate one of extremes. It is a land of heavy rainfalls and long-continued long-continued droughts. Animal life Is abundant The Chaco is the sportsman sports-man s paradise,' a British enthusiast told me. 'From May to August Is the best season freer from insect pests. We go duck shooting In flat-bottomed flat-bottomed boats od a chain of smaller small-er rivers and lagoons.' j: "Besides duck, quail, and snipe, there is a native 'turkey of the mountain,' with a black head, black head tufts, and a yellow black beak. Tapir, deer, carpincho, otter, and coypu abound In the marshy regions. re-gions. Coypu skins are exported from the lower Plata to the United States, the hair to be used in tha manufacture of felt hats for men. In the woods are the Jaguar, puma, anteater, armadillo, the maned wolf, and the peccary, the latter always al-ways one of a troop. 1 "At ports we were offered snake-skins snake-skins nearly twenty feet long, and suspected that they had been well stretched by the natives, since the price advances with the length. Poisonous snakes, including rattlers, are a menace to the naked feet of the Indian. Snakesklns, egret skins, hides, rubber, aDd Ipecacuanha formed the steamer's down-river cargo." and eastern Bolivia. "The Paraguayan cowboy is known as the chacrero. Although usually smaller in stature than his cousins, the Argentine gaucho and the Chilean huaso, he Is muscular and hardy, a typical rough rider. On n saddle trip we met a group of cowboys driving a band of cattle from the rodeo, where the herd Is rounded up, to the river. I can still hear their ringing cattle call, 'Coco-coal Co-coal Coal Coal' "About nine miles above Asuncion, Asun-cion, on the Chaco side of the river, is a settlement of some commercial importance known as Villa Hayes (pronounced 'Ve-ya Eyes' In Spanish). Span-ish). It was named after a President Presi-dent of the United States, Rutherford Ruther-ford B. Hayes, who, acting as arbitrator arbi-trator in determining the boundary between Argentina and Paraguay, rendered a -decision highly favorable to the latter. Ironically, this town, named for an ardent prohibitionist, Is surrounded by cane fields whose product Is distilled Into a very powerful pow-erful rum. "Modern explorers of the Chaco are the men engaged In the quebracho quebra-cho industry. It developed with the expansion of the Argentine railways, rail-ways, when quebracho logs were found to be Just the thing for railway rail-way ties, and for fence posts on the extensive Argentine ranches. Quebracho Que-bracho (the word means 'ax-break-er') Is a hardwood so durable that |