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Show hsrfl 'OiOlE 'Wllili -VOTE ;; Page I by JUSTICE DAVID J, BREWER, of the United States Supreme Court j Jk I Jl5ll ' " . ' J BUT NOT BY METHODS OF ENGLISH SUFFRAGETTES Ballots Will Not Prevent Babies. Quality of Offspring Pre-- Pre-- ferable to Quantity. The Lioness and the Hare 363 females, a total of 539.700; of Utah, 141,687 males and 135.06.2 females, or in all 276,749; in Idaho were 93,367 males, 63,405 females or a total of 161,772. Thus in each of the States was a preponderance preponder-ance of males, in Wyoming and Idaho a large preponderance. I recall nothing in the lives of these States since that census to call for any great change in the relative rela-tive proportions of the two sexes. deration is comparatively small. It has a large commercial city, another a man-factunng man-factunng center, while mining is a large industry. It has a large population as compared with the other sulTragc States both actually and relatively to her area. There is to be found iri at least two cities the congestion of population, which gives rise to some of the most troublesome trouble-some questions of the day. It has led legislature was affirmative action taken except that of South Dakota. Further, it is urged that there arc some duties incumbent upon citizenship which women could not discharge, others the discharge of which would oftcn.be embarrassing, and still others in which they would lively be more influenced by sympathy than justice. But this is true to no small extent of both sexes. Old age relieves the man from military, fireman fire-man and juror services. So do sickness sick-ness and physical injuries. Sympathy does not always blind the judgment. Is not a masculine juror fully as likely to be influenced by the pretty face and tears of a woman litigant as a feminine juror would be by anything in the appearance or conduct of a male party to an action? ac-tion? My experience tells me that the most dangerous adversary a man has in a law suit is an attractive woman. And is sympathy, especially in criminal matters, mat-ters, always an enemy of justice? "The quality of mercy is not strained," and "mercy seasons justice." Arc we sure that our rigid criminal laws and their equally rigid administration are perfect? Is not reformation as much an object of the law as punishment? Is not mother love one of the strongest forces in a man's life? And may we not well believe be-lieve that woman's gentle touch upon our criminal law in all its varied processes of administration will do more for the criminal's reformation than masculine rigor and adherence to the letter of the statutes? What man is doing more, if ism so intense as to be retroactive and destructive: that instead of using such remedies as arc reasonable and moderate, mod-erate, they attack vice in a way that offends and will ultimately do more harm than good But will not experience tend to correct this evil? Again, it is said that there is daily growing a strength of character which comes not a little from familiarity with public affairs, and that out of that strength of character will be developed a greater capacity for improving public life and morals, and that they will, as the days go by, realize that voting is a duty and not a pastime. Mere voting may not give the needed qualities, but as they more and more take part in public affairs much of objection ob-jection to the franchise will disappear, and unless human nature in the one sex is different from that in the other, the very effort they make in these several directions will develop day by day a greater ability to do that which is wise, to act wiLh moderation and vet with firmness, firm-ness, and to bring about the better day which we all believe is coming. More than that, the heart of the sex is against the terrible destructions of war; they will be found a mighty political po-litical force in favor of the settlement of international disputes by arbitration, and against the resort to the sword or the musket. Indeed, when universal female suffrage comes, it may be affirmed that the ironclad will be seen only in pictures and known only in history. his-tory. The sweet song of the angels THE question of female suffrage, like the ghost of Banquo. will not down. To some, it is only a shade from the nether world; while, to others, it is as one of the white-robed celestial beings who appeared ap-peared to Peter, James and John on the mountain top. Turning from the supernatural to the real, it is now a living, practical question. ques-tion. It has passed beyond the days of ridicule, and we hear no more of its advocates as short-haired women and long-haired men. It is being considered by thoughtful men and women, animated ani-mated by the desire of doing that which shall be for the best interests of all. Speaking abstractly, it is difficult to see how the capacity to vote, and to vote wisely, depends on the mere matter of sex, or that that fact alone decides for or against female suffrage. Yet not always does abstract right determine the question of wisdom or availability. A scheme may seem logically correct and perfect, and yet upon trial prove a failure. fail-ure. John Locke drafted a form of or to force their way against the efforts of the police into the halls of legislation. They must appeal to the American's sense of justice and belief in the beneficial bene-ficial effects of woman's suffrage. ' They cannot here force their way to the ballot. It is said that the sex, as a body, is opposed to the granting of the franchise Associations of women have been formed in different States, claiming that they believe female suffrage would be an injury in-jury to them; that their welfare is promoted pro-moted by making the home more secure and more fully upder their control, rather than by participation in public life. Beyond the open, direct opposition of these associations, is a general indifference indiffer-ence of a large majority of the sex They do not seem to care for it; they look upon the effort to obtain it as mere political clatter, adding that where it has been granted it is treated as only a toy. I lately read in a magazine an article by a woman describing a visit to Cheyenne, Wyoming, and what she 6aw take place on election day. Car- f , V'V' s'A VV.-W- r.-w.V.a St a necessary home-body. Not that home has lost ni charms, or that it will ever cease to be the place which she most loves and where she reigns supreme, but choice or necessity has driven her into varied pursuits, many of 'them calling call-ing for familiarity with public affairs and executive ability. You sec them not only doing clerical work in offices, but acting as shop girls in stores or laborers in a factory. Many have charge of large administrations, arc presidents of colleges, heads of corporations, corpora-tions, and, indeed, engaging in almost every avocation of their brothers, and doing so with success, I have been told that the large apartment houses in London Lon-don arc mainly in charge of women, who surpass men in the collection of rents, in the supervision of the buildings, enforcing en-forcing cleanliness and preserving order. or-der. Many a business man in this country has as his secretary a woman with whom he consults in his business traniactions and on whose judgment he relics. There is a host of female doctors. Women have invaded the pulpit and arc pastors of many churches. They are found in the court room, and not a few arc efficient and successful practitioners. practi-tioners. Indeed, it may truly be affirmed that they have fully entered into the active life of the world. And now, what of the future? Female suffrage will come. Not fullv at once, but by varying steps. Woman's broader education, her increasing familiarity with business and public affairs, will lead to it. And why not? The chief reply is the home. God forbid that it should be jeopardized, for upon it in all its fulness depends the best social life. In fact, it is the basis upon vyhich growing humanity human-ity depends. And in it woman must ever be the great factor, the unchallenged queen. But female suffrage will not. debase the home or lessen its power and influence. On the other hand, it will introduce in-troduce a refining and uplifting power into our political life. It will not stop marriagc.neither will a higher education. The great natural laws of our being will always assert themselves. Speaking at a Vassar commencement a few" years since, I overheard one of the graduates say to two others, "I am simply disgusted; dis-gusted; three-fourths of the girls arc engaged en-gaged already.". Evidently she was not one of the happy ones. It is to be hoped that afterwards she fared hetler. But - woman, conscious of her independence and capacity to support herself, will demand de-mand true manhood in her huiband. Children will come. However, the glory of the home will not be in the number, but in the quality of the offspring Race suicide is not the worse offense. There is wisdom in the fable of the hare and the lioness. The former, boast;. ig of her litter, sneered at the latter fT her single offspring "Yes," was the reply, "but he is a lion." To load a home tvi;li so many children that the mother cannot give to each the full blessing of a mother's moth-er's care and attention is far worse rhan . race suicide. Not crime, but mutual sctf-dcnial, sctf-dcnial, should, and will, place reasonable limits on the number of the family group Union in effort is the growing lesson of the times. Our first parents, guilty of a mutual sin, were, according to the allegory alle-gory in Genesis, driven out of Eden, tli it garden which gave man all things to live with and nothing to live for. Our great epic poet closes his immortal poem with these words: "The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest, and providence their guide. They, hand in hand with wand'ring steps and slow, Through Eden took their solitary way." Hand in hand they went out of Eden; hand in hand they must enter the new paradise, grander and nobler than the pristine Eden, because wrought out of the thorn-growing earth by the united labors of man and woman, and into which have entered, and shall enter, all of human toil and struggle, self-denial and sacrifice, hopes and aspirations, faith and worship. Kr, CUrenoo H. Mciy of 2fv York. r I xym L J guYciiiiuciii ivi unc ui uic ouuuicui colonies, which, on the Tace of it, ap-1 peared to be wise and just, yet it failed f success. The consent of the governed, gov-erned, affirmed in the Declaration of Independence, In-dependence, is not always of immediate application. By the lale amendments to the national constitution, the emancipated slaves were made citizens and given the right of suffrage, yet it has always been a question whether the latter grant was then the part of wisdom for them or the nation. The inhabitants of the Philippine Philip-pine Islands were brought under our control. Full suffrage was not granted to them, and the- matter is still one for fair discussion whether now or, if not now, how soon, it should be granted. Indeed, looking at other nations, we find that in many of them the people are not yet capable of self-government They have not the respect for legal proceedings, the self-restraint which is necessary to make safe and efficient gov- j eminent of and by the people. So it is a practical question whether the granting grant-ing to-day of full female suffrage will mure to the benefit of the sex or the ration- It has been granted in four States, and thoughtful men are watching watch-ing those States to see its effects upon their political life. . Objections arc raised, not flippantly but seriously, and to be seriously considered. con-sidered. One grows out of the fact that, j in many States, the franchise has been granted to women in respect only to educational matters. We naturally think that nothing would be of more vital importance to them than that which a.Tects their children, and that they would everywhere take part in educational educa-tional questions and show their interest inter-est by participation in the ballot; yet it is true that they have not responded as fully as was expected. Thus, while there were about 700,000 women authorized to vote in Massachusetts on school questions, ques-tions, the number actually voting fell from 18.483 in 1906 to 13.619 in 1907. In one hundred and eighty-nine towns, where 3,608 women were registered, not a single woman voted. In Cleveland, - Ohio, the number of registered voters diminished from 6,6Si in 1904 to 3,179 in J907. They seem to have thought the partial ballot not worthy of their attention, at-tention, and the argument is that if educational intcrcits do not appeal to them sufficiently to bring out their attendance at-tendance at the polls, they will also fail if the full franchise is granted. Many of our Enplish sisters arc striving striv-ing to secure the ballot, but the means which, according to the papers, they take would not be tolerated here, and, to say the least, are offensive. We want no "fighting Amazons" ; no gathering of women to break up a political meeting, about the manger at Bethlehem will become be-come the universal song of humanity. But putting all the arguments pro and con together, whatever may be the abstract ab-stract right, the real question is a practical prac-tical one. How does woman's suffrage work when tried? In this nation four States, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming and Idaho, have granted full suffrage, and in at least the first three of them it has been in existence long enough for substantial sub-stantial results. The conditions of life in them differ, and doubtless that difference differ-ence may affect the full significance of the results. One thing is true of all. There has been no organized effort to repeal the grant. Whatever may be isolated iso-lated opinions, the general mass of the voters are satisfied. Indeed, few have expressed antagonistic views. A short time since the papers reported an interview inter-view with the late governor of Colorado, in which he declared woman suffrage a failure, but he promptly denied any such interview. If the citizens of these States find nothing objectionable in woman's suffrage, a natural conclusion is that no , injury has resulted therefrom. While it may be said that a general belief in the impossibility cf revoking the grant may have prevented any organized effort in that direction, yet certainly the men and women in those States arc not so timid as to fear giving expression to their views, and we should have heard such expression and the reasons therefor. It is true that this silence may be somewhat some-what in the nature of negative testimony, but it is not without weight. Especially is this true when the declarations of its friends in its favor are many and strong. Doubtless some opposition may come from personal ambition and expectation defeated by the action of the women voters. Thus Judge Lindsay, of the Juvenile Court in Denver, who has attracted at-tracted much attention by his good work in that Court, after having been denied a rcnomination by each of the great political po-litical parties, came out as an independent inde-pendent candidate and was elected mainly, it is said, by the votes of women wom-en who appreciated his labors and determined de-termined that the young culprits of that city should not be deprived of the benefit bene-fit of his judgment and experience. It would be strange if the dcteated candidates candi-dates did not feel and express themselves them-selves against woman's suffrage. But their complaint is really testimony to its value. The relative number of the two sexes, the industries and some other matters deserve de-serve consideration. The census of 1900 that of 1910 not having as yet been taken gives to Wyoming 58.184 males and 34.347 females, or a total of 92,531; that of Colorado, 295.33J males and 244.- Wyoming is chiefly an agricultural and stock-raising State, with no large commercial city and comparatively little manufacturing or mining. Public schools open to both sexes abound and a general gen-eral intelligence prevails among both. Ilj is not strange therefore that little aggressive spirit is shown by the female voter; that there is a community of thought and purpose between husband and wife, man and woman. Yet it is worthy of notice that there has been little of the commercial element and no scandal in its political life. It is not unreasonable un-reasonable to believe that this is somewhat some-what due to the feminine clement, which, though relatively small, would be prompt to, antagonize any effort of bad men to secure office or grasp for undue privilege. Certainly, so far as can be seen, female suffrage has worked no harm to and probably been a wholesome restraint upon up-on the political life of the State. In Utah the relative proportion of the sexes is much closer than that of Wyoming. Wy-oming. The significant feature of its life is the Mormon church. As woman is more religious than her brother, the dominance of church control over her is greater than over him. Indeed, it has often been said that female suffrage was brought about by the rulers of the Mormon church in the belief that thereby there-by its control of politics in Utah would be made more secure. Be that as it may, it is clear that, when that suffrage is largely a p3rt of the machinery of a church, it is helpful or hurtful as the interests of that church seem to its leaders lead-ers to demand. Its results cannot be considered a fair test, such as will be found where her action is free from church control. The fulness of that control in Utah is evident from the fact that, after the alleged revelation to Brigham Young, the women freely accepted ac-cepted polygamy. Of Idaho little can be said. So short a time has elapsed since the grant that results cannot well be estimated. Colorado is the significant Stale. While males preponderate, the prepon- quite a turbulent life. More than once has the military been called out to preserve pre-serve order, and many instances of fricvous outrages have been recorded, ntemperancc and the social evil are abundant What under such circumstances circum-stances bai woman's suffrage accomplished? accom-plished? This is a question more easily asked than answered. Woman has not forced her way into politics, though she has held some minor offices and discharged dis-charged their duties acceptably. There is much talk of sending one of their leaders, a cultivated and practical woman, wom-an, to Congress at the next election. According to the best information I can get her influence on political life has been mainly in the way of restraint, preventing pre-venting the nomination of unworthy persons, and demanding, as in the case of Judge Lindscy, of the Juvenile Court in Denver, the election of the best man. She has' not hesitated to take her part in school matters, and her insistence has caused many improvements in the administration ad-ministration of city affairs. She has not reformed everything. Intemperance still prevails and the social evil abounds. But large changes like these cannot be accomplished ac-complished solely by legislation or in a day. If the tendency of her efforts is in the right direction it is all that can be expected. To turn it up in a word. The woman's suffrage has not been hurtful. It has helped a little; perhaps more than can easily be particularized. If we look across the waters we find that in some of the Scandinavian nations na-tions full suffrage has been granted, while in many other European countries efforts are being made to bring it about. In addition must be noticed the change in the position of woman. Fifty years ago the only vocations open to her were teaching and sewing. If she were averse to these, or failed 111 them, the only alternative al-ternative was to marry, and then it was "any man, Good Lord, any man," or else to live with some relative as the generally despised old maid But within with-in the last half century she has entered into active outdoor life and is no longer Juttlco Dvld J. Brewer. riages were sent in every direction to bring the women to the polls, and they came dressed in their best clothes. The whole thing was treated as quite a social so-cial affair and seemed to have been made a sort of picnic. In this connection may be noticed some of the legislative and popular action outside out-side of the four States named. In Oregon Ore-gon in 1900 the popular majority 3gainst woman's suffrage was only 2,137 ; in 1906, 10,173; and in 1908, 21,812. The latest born of the Stales, Oklahoma, refused to put woman's suffrage in its constitution. constitu-tion. In 1907 the legislatures of sixteen six-teen States defeated bills for woman's suffrage, and again in 1908 similar action was taken in eight States, and by no as much, for human betterment than Miss Jane Addams of Chicago? Her womanly sympathy does not blind her judgment, and multitudes feel that their uplift in life is due to her. Further in favor of female suffrage is the belief that it will tend to cleanse the polls and purify politics. It is asked who is doing most effective work in elevating ele-vating the character of our public schools, in cleaning and improving the appearance of cities, in suppressing intemperance in-temperance and vice? And if all feminine femi-nine strength can be brought into active effort, will not the result be a wonderful change for the better? It is said, it is true, in response to this, that the actions 1 of the women reformers show a radical- |