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Show PLKBTpRY OF THETEARm43 Hi MARKED friONAL EVENTS It Twelve Months of Modern Times Ijeat European War, Mexican lid Other World Happenings. is unique, vslon of thai That' H Vnml malig-Bi.statlnc malig-Bi.statlnc tli'-, Hum Impress Hi a t'MTlflc ro-Huntiarlan lum to Sen I B of th.- per-Bsassliiii per-Bsassliiii i Ion of and ln-H ln-H antl- v.u (r1 in By and pivlng BJ'h" Belgrade BV ; fchal which Lw offl ll-hmcnt H further HtO Aus-Baon Aus-Baon r- Bf toward, Be mob-Bl mob-Bl from In- B world H war I for-; BbOAi Htral. Bny. Bum- mo th Lb ' H a I I I ' a - BP H B la oj Br an'! ' Bcant . - A Hr fron Wsiavb ."'VWsts fol I 'i 'F la" 1 I B I ' numberc ';Bjv signs o Lwfl I " b T;" y ,m (rmai 'JL&'f' .Hhl'-h wop ?'s3S5!"' I assr8' a,tac yr- . t'Bt been en '! 'Mji2' : f-has beei jNFms. JB''pt. am iSrav ''jM'o sev 5M'BlKt!;. In KVr.'BJ- ;h Tur British fleet tailed under 6ealc-d orders August Au-gust 4. and a big naval battle In the North sea was confidently expected by tho waiting world. It eoon became apparent ap-parent that Great Brltidn'o purpose was to deal a fatal Mow at German commerce, safeguard that or Belgium. France and its own and render the enemy's fleet lnopera-. live by holding It In the Baltic. A week later, the port authorities of New York wore notified that tho Atlantic lines wer. unobstructed, and a few days afterward the Pacific lln;s were pronounced ' open and safe." Sixty British war vessels guarded tho exit of tho Kiel Canal and provonted tho thirty German battleships anchored there from coming out. Within a few days, moro than thirty of the groat German ocean llnera were Interned In neutral waters and a number of German merchant chips were captured or destroyed. de-stroyed. By the middle of November more thin four hundred war vessels and merchantmen merchant-men on all sides had been captured or Interned In-terned In neutral ports. The Emden In tho Paclflo and tho Karlsruhe In the South Atlantic, two German raiders, preyed successfully upon allied and neutral neu-tral commerce until the former was put out of action. During tho past three, montha the Germans have destroyed a number of British cruisers by means of torpedoes. In nn action off the coast of Chile, a squadron of five German warships war-ships sank the Monmouth and Good Hope with all on board. On October 27 although al-though It was not known to the nubile for a fortnight afterward the British super-dreadnaught Audacious was sunk by a mlno off tho const of Ireland. Shortly Short-ly afterward, the British admiralty declared de-clared the North sea a closed military area. On December 8 tho German crulserH Scharnhorst, Gnclsau, Leipzig and Nuernberg, Nuern-berg, under Admiral von Spec, were sunk by a British squadron under Vlce-Admlra! Sir Frederick Sturdee. off the Falkland Islands. The German cruiser Dresden escaped, es-caped, badly damaged. December 16 a German fleet bombarded the English coast i towns of Hartlepool, Whitby and S- ir- "borough, killing 150 and wounding 300 Itl-L Itl-L ?ens and causing much property dam i lfThrcft British merchant vesse l" were sunk 'by mines laid by the bombarding fleet. I At the dose of the year operations In Bj 'II'.- t : trl - I II! Bjpore-m r 17 the Germans rT rt"d a vlc- BVi BjAs a result of the Immediate paralysis the financial world due to the sudden Bjnbrollment of the Kuropean nations, marlcani abroad were aubjei ted to kut InponvBnlt i little actual Hk lp forded the Brian ufferera and largo sums of H fur the purpose were raised all I the country American Red Cross sent the relief Red Cross to European woter. Bf a full equipment of physicians Us and supplies, on ' r 12. Bl-notlc Conditions in Mexico. In the year foreign nations began Bk cal f Inlstral lon'a Bj-on"- Mexican policy and to insist BV- jnb of palf ing BCi belonged BBB tlif. T t . I I . C " I r . . - Bkuerta hid held the provisional B?y for a year and boasted In his B i.. id jid ills office longer Bjid nt Wilson would r main In BVlIuus'- Meanwhll.- the bandit BT.O Villn 'a- h'.adllv gaining BTthe north. Th.- fiercest battle B-olutlon. which was foughi for BVi weeks, ended in victory for Brc .-.-. Bk an appalling loss of life In Bntlnued fight, und more fhan Bnd fugitives crossed the Rio Bjk refuge In Anieric-m ler-Bjhov ler-Bjhov w re cared f.-r by tho BJ authority s. Py g pj lent Wilson re-fl re-fl by hla In r,f- Bjtop to the shipment of arms B Into M itlco by cillzen.s Bi States. On April 14. Pi Bj'iM' d 5 retary Daniels Bk imposing naval ;vr k Bk" Mexican coast. This B i osal of the M( BJimllltary aids to salute H tg as an ential f tut Hor an unwarranted arrc t of several American had landed on Mexican urpiy of gasoline Bptsode was the result of Bing In which all the par-B:irp( par-B:irp( about equally. It Huerta was In no i Wjf request of the Wu:,h- I howevei1 politely and BVdc He refused to or-B: or-B: the naval de-monstra- Bi resolution sustaining Bne position which ho B 21 Admiral Flet Bl.'iusc at Vera Cruz. BJted tho occupation of BTand the ieult was a BJ Americans were killed I General Ma.-. s, in com-Brlison, com-Brlison, withdrew and left Bln posse.-siijn Bii-:-ie-.-y. the American n-p-B-. as given his passpqrts and BJo leave tlie country, Brig. BM:ick Funston commander ef Be rl an forces at Vera Cruz, was BT nntr on a Vigorous campaign. BTe hostilities were carried further Iplomatl'.- representatives 'jt Wash-Bi Wash-Bi of Argentina, Brazil and rhlle sent B the e.fllce ol the department of Slato BJrormal tender of their aervlcei as medl-BRors. medl-BRors. President Wlluon accepted the of-BFii of-BFii r and both Huerta and Carranza ac-y ac-y cepted the proffered mediation. The mediatory conference os held at Niagara 1'alls. Canada, and opened on i May 20. On Juno 12 the conference had agreed upon a plan accepted both by President Wilson and Huerta. Then a deadlock arosu over the choice fo.- preal-f preal-f dent the American dclogales declined to I acrept the nume of any nonconstltutlonal-i nonconstltutlonal-i 1st Meanwhile, the constitutionalists wero : making unmistakable advance toward tho capital. Their success was P' pronounced l tllkt It was e Ident they would eoon be In 1 control of th government, f On July 1 the conference came to an end without definite result, and four days r later Huerta was re-elected president by his partisans. On July 1 the dictator re-i re-i signed tho presidency and took passage a for Europe, leaving the executive authority author-ity In tho hands of a promintnt cltizon, Francisco Carbajal. l v The new president and Carranza could 1 pot urrrce upon the surrender of tho gov-- gov-- -Vrnnierit to the victorious constltutlonal--k :irm, and on August 1 Carhajal re-AB"ied re-AB"ied and the chamber ofldeputies dl;-BBBV.'?d dl;-BBBV.'?d Five days later, tha constitution-ATBk constitution-ATBk army entered the fi f Mexico j BkMtopponion. VenustAfc Carranza MW&i ' Bssik. 'r,r upon hlnBBLe ofuc of preFldent, although h(( 00n Inn0unced hla purpose of turning ,vcr thf,"Xecutlve l function to a provision .NjV!b"i.te and , hlmsi if hi-. omlng a candfijj,,,,, On September 23 Villa oWtfareri ar up- , on the provisional preFldjfnt The constl-i ( tytlonaJkitx hold a nfeetlng at Mexico ( City on October 4 ana refused to accept their chleff, rosignaion. At a conen- , tlon of the party held at Aguaa Caiientes , on October 14. Cnrronza again presented his r' lUgnatlon and a few days later ,V1II r promLicd to support a provisional preM- , dent named by the convention. At that. Gen. Eulallo Gutlerroz was appointed by i the convention, but Carranza refused to precognlse Mm. The new president ap ( pointed Villa commander In chief of tho . government forces and ordered him to proceed at once against Carranra Ai . N'llla and his men neared the capital) 1 Carranza and his soldiers withdrew On November 23 the American forces , wero withdrawn from Vera Cruz and i soon afterward Carranza and hla follow ers took possession of tho seaport. Villa, anel Zapata united In support of thq L Gutierrez Interests, and the prospect of; peace In the Immediate future Is far from encouraging. On December 15. 3,000 United States ' l trewjps were sent to Naco to stop continued , firing by the Mexican faction into T'nlteel States territory. The struggle between ' the combatants In northern Mexico con- tlnuee unabated. Longest Congrccsional Seolon. The first regular session of the Sixty- i third congress was the longest since that p great law-making be-dy camo into exists enco from December 1, 1913, to October, ; 24. 1914. After the holiday recess both branches were addressed by Preslelent' Wllron upon the regulation of corpora- , tlons. In his nddreas the president recom- mended the formation of a trade commls-i ! slon, the doing away with Interlocking directorates di-rectorates nnd holding companies, and an'i I antitrust law. On January 24 the senate4 passed a bill authorizing the government' I to construct a railroad In Alaska. Ori February 18 the house passed the bill. During this month, also, the admlnla-, tratlon introduced a measure Into botht houses to establish a rural credit system, by means of co-operative banks. On Feb-, ruary 9 a bill was Introduced Into both brunches which provided that the government govern-ment might mine or lease on a royalty basis certain coal lands In Alaska, On March C tho president delivered an- other address to congress In the house chamber. In which he urged tho repeal of the provision In the Panama Canal acr of August, 1912, exempting vessels engaged en-gaged In coastwise trad from the payment pay-ment of tolls With a senate amendment to the effect that the United States relinquished re-linquished no rights under treaties with Great Britain and with Panama, the tolls I I repeal bill becamo law. On April 20 the president again nd-i nd-i dressed congress, giving the facts in the Tamplco affair and asking authority to use force In compelling a settlement Both houses passed the necessary measures without delay. On June C the three measures prominent in the president's antitrust an-titrust legislation the creation of a trade Commission, the Clayton bill, and the railroad rail-road capitalization hill wero passed, but I It was not until August that the senate adopted the measure creating a federal trade commission. The Clayton antitrust bill did not become law until October. August 4 both houses unanimously adopted an amendment to the federal reserve re-serve act. by which the secretary of the treasury wras given peiver to Issue additional addi-tional bank currency In such nmount as would be necessary to protect the business busi-ness situation and avoid financial panic On September 4 the president once moro addressed congress, pointing out the need of raising additional revenue to meet the deficit eausd by the decllno In Imports due to the European war. The closing days of the congress passed In an active effort conducted by members; from the eotf on-growing state? to obtain legislation for the retail of the growers of the staple. On October 24 the first regular session oT the Sixty-third congress came to an end. American Government and Politics. On January 2 Secretary McAdoo and Se retary Houston began a merles of hearings to determine where tho new federal fed-eral reserve banks were to be established. The federal reserve bank system went Into In-to effect November 16. On January 10 the Washington authorities and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad officials came to an agreement by which tho railroad relinquished Its trolley lines, its control of the Boston and Maine, and most of Its steamship lines. In order to avoid further conflict with the Sherman antitrust law President Wilson nominated nomi-nated John Skelton Williams then assistant assis-tant secretary of the treasury, to be comptroller of the currency and ex-offlclo member of the new federal reserve board On January 27 the president signed an Important order which established a per- . inanent civil government in tho Panama Canal Zone, to go Into effect April 1 A few days later ho nominated Col Georgo v.' Qoi thals to be first governor. On Februarj U the government brought suit ll :- 1 f Lake Qlty to compel the Southern Pacific railroad to relinquish It 3 control of the Central Pacific. Tn March government proceedings were beun ajalnst two railroads: The Intr-Blate Intr-Blate commerce commission accused tho Chicago. Milwaukee and St Paul road with overstatement of Incomu and other financial Irregularities, and suit was brought against the Lehigh Valley road undor tho charge that It was monopolizing monopoliz-ing tho sntl raclte coal Industry through subsidiary companies. Tn this month, also, e partment of Justice announced that a plan for breaking up the transportation monopoly practiced by the New York, Haven and Hartford had been arranged ar-ranged satisfactory to all pnrtles. Early In April the government met with defeat in Its attempt to prove that that 1 ' ' -e, Lackawanna anel Western road and the coal-mining company of the same name existed a an Illegal and monopolistic monopolis-tic combAatlon On April 2 the committee commit-tee appointed for the purpose announced that it had selected twelve federal reserve re-serve districts, with their central banking bank-ing cities, uador tho new currency law. On June rathe American Thread company, com-pany, whe h was proved to be a combination combina-tion of manufacturers which practically controlled the output, forestalled the action ac-tion contemplated by the department of Justice by dissolving In June, also, tho United States supreme court affirmed tho pewer of tho Interstate commcrco commission com-mission to fix rates, and held that pipe lines aro common carriers and must carry products at rates fixed by tho commission. On June 15 the president made publlo a charge that big business Interests had been trvlng to forco congress to adjourn. He declared that he should do e verythlng In his power to keep congress In session until the proper business legislation hac been enacted. In July tho commission found that tho former management of the New Haven road was criminally wasteful and negligent. negli-gent. President Wilson directed the attorney at-torney general, July 21. to begin civil and criminal proceedings against the Now York, New Haven and Hartford road, and two days later the suit was begun In the United States district court at New York On the first day of August the Interstate commerce commission denied tho petition of the eastern railroads for a general Increase In-crease of 6 peT cent in freight rates, but allowed certain increases In the mlddlo West. On August 12 the dissolution of the International Harvester company, designated desig-nated as a monopo'y In restraint of trade, was ordered by thoVVniUd dtates district court at St, Paul, ailna. The Tnnnma Canal ws formally opened 'or world traffic on August 15. The stnarn. r Ancon. belonging 'o the Panama rnll-o.nd. rnll-o.nd. passed from ocean to ocean In ten ioi.rs In September tho railroad rate as showed Increased activity The roads ast of the Mississippi and north of th 'otoninc again petitioned the Interstate !Ommerce commission for permission to idvnnce freight rates 6 per cent, and th ommission consented to reopen the case rhe commission granted the increase, vlth certain exceptions, on December 1?. A delegation of railroad presidents vis-ted vis-ted President Wilson at the White House itnl lnld before him the unsatisfactory iltuatlon which confronted American roads. The president was sympathetic, Ut expressed his onfldsnce In the Interstate Inter-state commerce commission to regulate the matter satisfactorily On September 2", Secretary McAdoo lroused great Interest In hanking circles by announcing his Intention to withdrew ctovemmont patronage nnd assistance Irom national banks known to be hoarding hoard-ing currency or demanding excessive Interest. In-terest. In October the court dismissed all but "ne of the government's charges In Its lUlt to dissolve the Atlantic steamship truat. Finn argument In the suit to dissolve dis-solve the Steel trust was made at Philadelphia, Phila-delphia, and the discussion of Increased railroad freight rates was resumed boforsi the Interstate commerce e'ommlsslon. At the elections held on November 3 the Democratic majority In the house of rep-r rep-r enl itlvea was reduced from 147 to 86, although the Democratic majority In the senate was Increased from in to 16. Constitutional Con-stitutional amendments gtvlncr tho suffrage suf-frage to women were carried In Nevada and Montana and prohibition triumphed In Washington Oregon, Arizona, nnd Colorado. In Missouri the so-called "full crew" liw passed by the legislature was rejected. Politics in Other Lands. On January 27 Michel Oreste. president of Haiti, warned of the approach of a It rgc body of re olutlonlsts, abdicated hastily has-tily and took refuge on a German crulcr. Qn February S Orestes Zamcr was elected president of Haiti, and on the same day Jose Vicente Concha was elected president presi-dent of Colombia. Enrl In the year the Chinese administrative adminis-trative council ro-establlshed Confucian-Ism Confucian-Ism as the state religion of the republic. At the opening of parliament February 10 King George urged mutual concessions In the Irish home rule controversy. On March 5 the home rule bill was introduced for Its third passage through the commons com-mons On May 23 the bill passed the commons com-mons for tho third time On September 11 King George signed the home rule and Welsh disestablishment bills and the parliament par-liament was prorogued. On March 17, as the finale to a bitter political and personal controversy, the wife of the French minister of finance, Mfiie Oaillaux shot nnd killed tho editor of Figaro. Gaston Talmette Her husband hus-band resigned his office at once ami a new cabinet was formed. The trial of Mme. Calllaux resulted In her acquittal on July 2. On March 14 a treaty of peace between Turkey and Servla was signed at Constantinople. a sequel to the Balkan war. On May 1 the new Chinese constitution consti-tution was published. It abolished tho premiership and gave Increased power to the president. On May 6 Prince Alexander Alexan-der of Took. Queen Mary's brother, was appointed governor-general of Canada On Hsy 1 Colonel Benavldes, leader of the Peruvian faction which expelled president Bllllnghurst was eleotd provisional pro-visional president Three days later a group of senators and deputies declared Roberto Legula provisional president The Peruvian supreme court, however, recognized recog-nized Benavldes. On July 21 Ahmed Mlr-?a. Mlr-?a. sixteen years of ope, was crowned shah of Persia On August 2" the French cabinet was reconstructed on a committee commit-tee of national defense basis. Reno VI-vlanl VI-vlanl 6oclal!st. remained premier. On September 10 Turkey notified the outside world thai she had done away with the arrangement whereby foreigners In that country have been exempt from local Jurisdiction In civil and criminal cases and under which many special privileges priv-ileges have been enjoved by citizens of other countries residing in Turkey. Two da s later a note was presented to the Turkish government by Great Britain. France. Russia and Italy. In which it was affirmed that tho special rights of aliens can he abolished only by the powers that were parties to the original contract Auntrla and Germany presented a separate sepa-rate protest. On September 2S the Albanian senate. - 1 h had dr! en Its recently elected ruler Prlnco William of Wled out of the country, chose a Turk for king Prince Burhan-Eddln. son of the deposed Abdul Hamld of Turkey. The European powers protested, but their wishes were disre-gareled. disre-gareled. On October 4. afler four months' exile, Essad Pasha accompanied by an armed force, entered Albania and took pcnsesslon eif the government. On tho day following the death of King Charles of Roumanin his nephew. Ferdinand, took the oath of office as sovereign. On October 13 a rebellion broke out near the border of German Southwest Africa, but was frustrated by tho loyalty of tho Boers of the Union 1"ln October 3 A. Rus-tern Rus-tern Bev Turkish ambassador to the T'nl tod Btates, left Washington, where he bad Incurred criticism by his frank views of American affairs. Industrial Trials and Triumphs. The Ford Motor company at tho beginning begin-ning of. the year adopted a profit-sharing plan by which J10.O00.fO0 Is to be distributed distrib-uted onnuallv among the JG.OOO woge-earn-ers of that concern The great South African Afri-can railroad strike came to an end. On January 19 a strike of the Delaware and Hudson railroad men, as a protest against the discharge of two employees, was settled set-tled within sixteen hours by the federal beard of mediation and com Illation Two great labor controversies had been left over from tho preceding vear one In the Michigan copper mines, which began July 23, 1913. and another In the Colorado coal fields, where 14.000 men had been on strike since September 23 of the previous year. Violence ensued and federal aid was demanded. On April 20 the striking miners clashed with the state militia near Trinidad. Colo., and twenty-five pprsons were killed or burned to death in a fire which followed. President Wilson ordered federal troops to fhe scene It was not untn September 15 that the strikers a-id their emplovers accepted President Wll-Kon's Wll-Kon's offer for a settlement of their dispute, dis-pute, but bis plan was rejected. On the last day of November tho president named a commission of three, headed by Scth Low to dual with the strike. Shortly after af-ter the Str'.ke wrs declared off On April 1 all the coal mines of Ohio were closed down on account of tho failure fail-ure to unite on an agreement as to a bawls of payment to supersede the on,, slreadv In use On tho following day th- Yorkshire coal miners, to the numbc-r of 170 000 men. went on strike to support their demand for a mlntpum wage. Juno IS n strike among the West Virginia coal miners which had been onj since the pre. VlOUS September, was declared off. the miners waiving recognition of the union In order to obtain other important concessions. con-cessions. On July 17 tho, federal board of mediation and conciliation Raln proved Its ability as a peacemaker The engineers ond firemen of nincty-elghi Western railroads rail-roads accepted the medlatloh of the board. Proflress In Science anff Discovery. One of the most startling, achievements i In recent eurgery Is the restoration of paralyred muscular tissuei by the repair and replacment of injurednerves throujh experiments conducted by Prof. Robert Kennedy of Glasgow, Scotland. In May a two-wheelod gyroscopic motor car created cre-ated ronflderablo excitement In London. It Is the Invention of Paul Bchilowsky, An Innovation known as "twilight sleep" 19 announced to havo worked such a change In obstetrical methods that childbirth child-birth has been robbed almost entirely of Its terrors. Tho new system developed at the Woman's hospital of Freiburg, Ger-many, Ger-many, Is described as a slight elumbt t induced by an Injection of a combination of two drugs, scopolamln and morphlum On January 28 the first wireless message mes-sage without relaying, transmitted between be-tween Hanover, Germany, and Tu kerton, on the lower New Jersey coast, came In, on leap & distance of 4,062 mlls. On February 17 tho expedition led by Capt. J Campbell Besley returned to NaJW York after six months' exploration In a hitherto hither-to unknown Andean region. The party discovered a lost Inca city and brought bck a valuable collection. Later In tho same month the antarctic expedition led by Dr. Douglas Mew son arrived m Adelaide, Ade-laide, Australia, after two years spent In scientific exploration. On April 10, Dr. AUxIs Carrel, Nobel prize winner and eminent for bis contributions to exact science, sci-ence, announced that he had operated i successfully on the heart of an animal by suspending the circulation of blood several sev-eral minutes On May 19, ex-PresWh -it Roosevelt returned homo after an exploring explor-ing trip of eight months through the Brazilian Bra-zilian wilderness. Ho announced th dlSn oovory of a river, which was christened Rio Roosevelt, and afterw-ard rechrlstened Rio Teodoro. On November 4, at the British Brit-ish embassy In Rome. Prof. Domenlco Krgentlerl, an Italian priest of the Abrnz-zl, Abrnz-zl, made good his claim to have devised ! a small portable wireless telegraphy ap- paratus capable of receiving message j from high-power stations at a distance of ' 250 II Ilea On Jonuary 2, at Dayton, Ohio. Orvllle Wright gave a public u. meinstratlon of tho automatic stabilizer, lli r w n ronnutlcal Invention On r.h-ruary r.h-ruary 7. the German aviator Togo). I made a record of more than a thousand miles, I remaining aloft sixteen and a hilf hours, ; thiiM breaking all previous records Tn Nprll a new aeroplane height record was" made by Llnnekogel, at Johannlsthal. Ho reached nn altitude of 204 feet. In M.v, a ZrppMln dirigible flew for thirty-nix hours without stop over Germany, at an average of about fifty-two miles an hour On July 14. a German aviator at Berlin ascended. 'n R monoplane to a height of Cf, oro feet, and thus broke the record. The flight from Norwav to Scotland was made by Gran. July 30. In four hours and ten minutes. The Use of aircraft In the war has not been greatly sensational, but It has been j sufficient to modify warfaro to an appre-I appre-I clable extent Most of the aeroplanes of the belligerent nations are not fig'. ting i craft, but the dirigibles of the Zeppelin ; tjrpe belonging to the German war equlp-1 equlp-1 inent are regarded as battleships of the air. and terntde results have been expected ex-pected when this formidable sky squadron should get Into action Thus far most of these military adjuncts have been us. d for scouting purposes, and ;lx such they havo proved to be B6peclally effective. The rapid advance of the German fortes into FAtnce at the beginning of hostilities Wi-. made possible by ihese air scouts, which Served to point out the way with Infallible Infalli-ble accuracy. In the attack on Louvaln and other Belgian cities German aircraft rendered effective service by directing artillery ar-tillery fire by means of seare-hllghts and burning material dropped among the Belgian Bel-gian troops That ihe Zeppelin airships are capable of doing great darnsge was made evident at the siege of Antwerp. Casualties on Land and Sea. Enrly In January the second phenomenal phenom-enal storm of the season added largely to the destruction of property along the ocean front ef New Jersey and Long Island. Is-land. On January 11. a Japanese volcano vol-cano on Sakura Island burst suddenly Into In-to activity anil destroyed three towns and killed more than a thousand persons. During Dur-ing a performance at a moving picture children were burned to death. The steamer Monroe, from Norfolk to New 7or1 city, .vits rammed by the Nantucket during a night fog off Cape Charles, January Jan-uary SO, and 41 persons were lost. On Marcl 11 more than a thousand persons lost their lives during a storm which Hooded several towns In Southern Russia, and about Ihe same lime many persons Were killed by an earthquake at Aklta. Japan On March 21 the sealing steamer Newfoundland stranded on an ice floo In the Strait of Belle Isle and 77 of her crew were frozen to death. The same day the steamer Southern Cross and her crow disappeared. On April 28 an explosion In a mine nhaft at Bcdes, W Va.. caused the death of 180 mlnery Early In May Sicily was visited vis-ited by a series of shocks which did great ;amage along the eastern coast The steamship Empress of Irelsnd v. as struck by tbe Norwegian collier Btor-stad Btor-stad In the St Lawrence river May 29, and sank almost Immediately, more 1 than a thousand passengers losing their lives. May 30, Capt Robert A Barlett of the Stefansson arctic expedition returned to St Michael, Alaska, with the news that I the Karluk sank, January 11. after having ! been crushed by Ice, and that her crew was marooned on Wranncl Island. On I September 7, eight members of this crew were found b a rescuing party On June 19 more than two hundred miners were lost by an explosion In a coal mlno near Alberta, Canada A flro at Salem. Mass.. June 23, destroyed half of the city, including several thousand homes and many large Industrial establishments. In this month, also. American consuls In various va-rious Chinese cities reported that floods In southern China had destroyed the crops and made 2,000.000 persons homeless. On j September 18 the Francis H. Leggett collided with an unknown vessel off the Oregon coast and 72 of her passe n- j gers and crew were lost In October an earthquake in Turkey destroyed j more than 3.000 persons In a few minutes. min-utes. Edison's great electrical plant at , Orange-. N. J.. was destroyed by flro on December 9 Notable Events. Early In January the firm of J. P. Morgan & Co. announced the withdrawal with-drawal of Its members from directorships director-ships In 27 large corporations, thus complying with the government's new regulation condemning interlocking dl-rectoratSS. dl-rectoratSS. On January 'J Harvard university uni-versity and the Massachusetts Instltuto of Technology arranged to combine their engineering departments. On February 10 Andrew Carnegie gave $2, 000 000 toward the propaganda carried car-ried on by the Church Peace union. On April 13 the Internationa! Surgleul congress met at New York city. Water was let Into tho new canal across Cape Cod on April 2! ThJa canal shortens the distance by water between Boston and New York by seventy miles and cuta out ihe danger of rounding the cape In stormy weather. The canal was formally ononed July 20. President Wilson's youngest daughter, daugh-ter, iSltanor Randolph Wilson, waa married. May 7, at tho White House, to -U illlam Glbbs McAdoo. secretary of th Treasury The Norwegians celebrated the centenn'al of the separation of Norway froi Denmark on May 15 On May 18 tho Panama canal was opened for karfr okaf Ac. The Kngllsh Derby was mpjM ' Durbar II T. a horse bo-1ongnP bo-1ongnP an American. HurmHii Diirv'n May 27 Tho monumlJH erakgB- the Pa ugh leva of the (KkiaiH , . , federaey in the national cemetery a Arlington wan unveiled JOJne 4. On Jun 1C England captured tho international in-ternational polo championship it Meadowbrook. N. Y. It wis made public, pub-lic, on June 2k that Mrs. Morris K. Jesup hod bequeathed $8. COO. 000 tn public Institutions In-stitutions The American Museum of Natural History wu a beneficiary to the ctcnt of $",.000,000. That, alsi was the day on whlcfc the reronrtruct -ed Kiel canal was opened by the Ger- J man kaiser. The International Kucha- V rlstlc congress opened at Lourdes. France, Julj 22 On September 3 Cardinal Giacomc lelia Chlesa, archbishop of Bologna, wan elect,. pope to scce,d the lajtc Plux X Tbe new pontiff assumed th-title th-title of Benedict XV , The 'government crop report, made, public October 8, announced an-nounced a re. ord wheat harvest of 892.000.000 and a normal corn icrop of 2,676 000 000, The world's cha mnlonshlp serin was won October 13 hv trie Boston Bos-ton National league baseball tedtm. On October 14 one of the mosLcflj&-bwaP prehonslve llnanclal schemes on record formulated by bankers at New York city Involved the raising by the bank Of a fund of S15O.OOO.040 which was to ju be loaned upon wsi rehouse receipts for cotton On the last day of October the Panama canal was closed for traffic a second time on account of an earth slide Into Culebra cut. ' , On November 6 the Chlcng-n stockyards stock-yards were closed on account of an epidemic of f oot-andmejuih drfeap which had already led the federal authorities au-thorities to establish ouaranfinc i:i eight stnt. - against th shipment Ol cattle I.it.-r this prohibition was extended ex-tended t c, several other states. The so-called so-called 'house of governors" met iri Its seventh annual session at Maxllsoa. Wis November 10. After a period of suspension cover;ns 15 week; brought about by the 'war. the otton exchanges of New York and New Orl op ned for trading on November No-vember He The New York stock ox-change, ox-change, v hloh was closed at the breaking break-ing out of hostilities, was reopened for restricted trading November 28. A red,-lette;- event In the history of American athletics was the formal opening of t'r, i great Vale bowl, r-eatlng CO. 000 person', November 21. The annual Yale-Harvard football contest resulted in a Har-I Har-I vard victory. 3J to 0 Among tho Eminent Dead. The record of those who bays passed I out of the world s activities during the ' year Is of unusual length, and itontalns names of many who had achiev ed ells- A Unction. Among the famous men whif d.'ed In t January were Dr. S. Welf Mitchell of Philadelphia, si lenttst and 'novelist; Dr. Edward Spltr.ka alienist and neurologist; neu-rologist; Count Yuko lto. aimiral of the Japanese fleet; Shelby M; Cullom, 30 years United States senator front Illinois, author of the Interstate commerce com-merce law; Paul Dcroulede. French poet and political agitator; the, venerable I James Addama Beaver, Civil war hero and ex-governor of Pennsylvania, arid Simon Bollver Buekner Whose nome and fame have been familiar to tho American Amer-ican public for more than hair a century as a lieutenant general in the Confederate army, governor of Kentucky, candidate for vice-president on the Gold Democratic ticket In 1896. February s contrlbu tlon ; to the list lnclr 'es Alphonse Bcrtwon whose clever system of measurement mado him the terror of criminal:-; Theodoro L. Da Vlpne. whose artistic efforts . revolutionised printing; Henry M Teller. Tel-ler. United States senator from Colo- mr rado for 30 years. Secretary of the Interior In-terior under President Arthur. Viscount Vis-count Sluzo Aokl. firct Japanese ambassador am-bassador to the I'n'ted State? and the earl of Mini'j former governor-general of Canada. In March Cardinal Kopp. nt E tbe l ead of the Roman Catholic hleraehy of Germany, the venerable Thomas Bowman, Bow-man, senior bishop of the Methodist church, and two Protestant Episcopal bishops John Scarborough of New Jersey, and William wooeiruu .Mies m New Hampshire passed away. America also lost George Westlnghouse, whose air brake is reputed to have saved more lives than were sacrificed In the Napoleonic war? April marked the passing of the dowager empress of J.i-pan. J.i-pan. the well-beloved HarukOl George Alfred ToiYnsend. known widely as a war correspondent' George F. Beer , president of the Reading railroad and ; - Samuel R. Crockett, who created "The I Stlckit Minister " MaJ Gen Daniel R Sickles, hero of I the Civil war. died early In May. Among the other famous men and women who j died during the month w re Lillian i Nordlca, daught r of a Maine farmer who became one of the world s most successful opera singers, especially famous fa-mous in ,agnerian roles. Francis Kossuth, Kos-suth, ron of the great Hungarian patriot; pa-triot; Charles Seadding Episcopal bishop of Oregon. Sir Joseph W Swnn. Inventor of the incandescent light; Paul Manser Inventor of the nfle bearing bis name, Tilllam 0 ;;,-;dl?. United Sla;es senator from Kentucky, and the duke of Argyll Adlal E. Stevenson, vice-president o tie United States during the second Cleveland administration, died June 13, ; Grand Duk Adolpli Friedrlch of leck-lenburg-StrelltZ, George II, grand duke ,.r Saxe-Melnlngcn and Arjcbduke Fran?. Ferdinand, heir to the throno of Austria-Hungary, the victim of an assassin, as-sassin, are some of tho men of royal blood who died in that month, Joseph Chamberlain, long eminent as a Btltiah statesman, died early In July. Anc ie other distinguished men who died that month were Horace H. - "ton, associate associ-ate Justice of the I nlted States Supreme court; Melville E. Ingails of the "B t Four" railroad Hem. Augustus Smith oldest graduate of Yale unlversltff", nr,f Paul Reclus, brilliant French scientist. Two namer smong the AugUSl dead stand out with espwclul proniimm i -Ellen Louis.' Axson Wilson wif of the president of the United States, and Pope Plus X. head of the Roman Catholic Catho-lic church. John Philip Holland. In-yentor In-yentor of the submarine; Gen. Powell Clayton, ex-governor, ex-senator and for half a cjutfury the most prominent Republican of Arkansas; Robert Mc-Intyre, Mc-Intyre, bishop of the Methodist church: Father Francis X.ivicr Wern.7. gerK-r-il of the Jesuits, and Margaret Newton Van Cott, known everywhere as an evangelist, wero also among the fa- mous dead of AugUSl The September list Includes the names of Kdwurd J. Hall, tho "father of the lom;-cl!stnco telephone." Mrs Frank Leslie (Baroness Baxus). who revlvc-d the practically defunct publishing busln :sa left by her husband and bequeathed Jl -Opi ooo to the woman suffrage movement, 1 and Rear Admiral Herbert WInslow. IJnl- ted States navy, retired. On October 10, ! the aged king of Roumanla. Charles I. who maintained the neutrality of hit t kingdom to tbe very lost In spite of powerful pow-erful opposition, died at his capita! The Plrcht Rev. Charle3 William Smith Me- . odlst Episcopal bishop of St Louis. di d on the lsst day of the month. Among the eminent dead of November Novem-ber are Lieut. Gen. Adna R Chaffee, who vvns chief of staff of the United States armv from 1504 to 1906; John Kean. former senator from New Jersey Jer-sey Caroline M. Severance. "the mother of women's olub;" Field Marshal Mar-shal Larl Frederick R Roberts, mjjstr ramonli of British soldiers, and Robert I J Bu-fdette, Amerioan leoturcr, hum(V- ' 1st ai.d preacher December marVVd, Lhe. passing of America's most eminent i1. expert and writer. Rear Admiral IL it Ti Mahan. HI ' |
