Show Engines Raced to th Death In Tests i s x z 5 Q Q i Ai ti fc- fc Strive to Improve Modern Auto A uto I I tr f I f 4 yv e. e k r 3 a The rhe Hind hown hO nl o e N k I. I ct yet up UI to In test te t the Hie radiator r lIl and anil nd ran inn ncy of o the cooling r lent Irin A 1 blower Hr fan at one cud col 11 1 ru iii ll Iu s air nir Into Inlo the far car I at nl the Mie other oilier Lower T photo N I. I II that Ihal of the IIII cold room room where men In ht fur lined a n ak suits test motors iu in a II as n. low as 20 O degrees l below clow zero rero This Is the llio th second of n a series of weekly Ishtar How the Automobile J Is Made fade n sty ISRAEL ISRIEL KLEIN Science Editor XEA 1 N Service S I PHERE isn't a a- apart part of the pres- pres pr THERL THEnE ent-day ent automobile that engi engi- engineering engineering engineering experts consider perfect perC ct enough to absolve It from further 1 research and improvement The engine and the fuel fUll system are getting the most attention to to- to toda day da But Dut every other part of the th car from Crom the transmission in the roar r. r ar to the point on the body bod has its problem with which the engi engl- engineers engineers arc are contending An average transmission is set setup setup up with a a- slight change based on J calculations and md ideas Idels of or the en engineer to make malte it a sturdier and andl l more noro more workable mechanism It Is la attached by means of a I. I shaft to a II dynamometer a a. motor which runs the transmission at a definite speed as required by the test The transmission is kept going until it breaks down That Is la called a life test On the figures obtained the obtained the mileage as IS recorded by b the dynamometer the amount of oil all needed nee ed for lubrication and the wear on on- tho gears engineers engineers base bane their design for a better beller mechanism AN t m I i G TEST II S1 Rear near ales alea are varied slightly sligh tit J I and put through ft a life me test being run run run-by by the he dynamometer until they break under the strain So are aree gears of all kinds crankshafts and entire t. t engines t A stock cylinder six engine Is run day and night at a speed of o 2600 revolutions a minute until it breaks break down 0 hats That's almost twice as fa t as its speed peed under or or- ordinary t conditions Its It's so fast that the exhaust manifold is red hot and the Is vibrating under un er a 11 terrific strain III ra In The The- test Is to see what happens I to the valves valve when hen the engine engin runs at thIs high speed From the re roo results re- re suits may come a new valve alve de de- design deIgn sign signor Ign or a new n new w valve arrangement to tho to take high high- higher er speeds and greater loads londs with with- without without without out effort rort The Tho amount of power or effi effi- efficiency efficiency lost through tho the transmission sion fa another problem for the en en- When he discovers this hell he'll try tr to design a transmission lon that will be he less wasteful SI FOR FOIl CY So the engineer puts puta a II trans trans- transmission mission between two dynamometers one driving it and measuring mea the Input the other being driven i by ly It and measuring Its Ha output Tho The difference measures the err err- or or inefficiency of of the tr J Th Tn entire car at times Is Ls given givena Ivna discover r f ff a dynamometer test to thi th amount ol 01 o vibration or a num- num numb numb b r of or other bout its run run- running running ning behavior Irl case cage the tho or roar rear wheels heels are arc run rim over a n pair of or drug drui driven by a dyne dyna- dyn and th the rest relt of the car caris caris carIs is chained down Whatever hate Is ts sought t recorded ta Is' by apparatus designed for its Ita ape ape- sp I cIa t use us crakes Brakes are are- tried out In a ape ape- spec apes i ic c s al garage Engine fans and anti fan I belts are arc subjects subject of experiment An tn engine and radiator are aro placed before a II special wind tunnel to discover the radiator and antI fun run effi eCu efficiency efficiency cleney in cooling the motor AND INI VIBRATION TIO The Tho slightest detail for Improvement improve Improve- improvement ment Isn't overlooked c Ono of ot tho the most delicate tests tel t ls bring being conducted today Is ts the search for the th sources sourcE'S of vibration A and noles noires in to the car For this search the engineers enlist the J I services 8 of a a. special radio amplifier f flex fier built so as to dampen Its It own vibration and record only those tl of the tho engine or automobile The tubes are arc placed on rubber mountings suspended freely rely and they are Iro covered with heavy layer of tape Four lr Fo r tag 8 of or audio ire fri e are sed after the micro micro- microphone microphone microphone phone picks up the th faintest of or sounds to be recorded In the same samo laboratory cl ripe c engineers engIneer work with volts In order to discover dl coer th 0 vagaries of the low voltage voltago In thi tb autos auto's Ignition system lItem sy A t large dark room is Ise used d for fot forthe forthe the testing of headlights headlight h under conditions of the road at nt night COM COl I I NIO Cold weather conditions are sim alm- simulated be In a room that can brought down clown to as ns low as nf 20 0 o degrees de degrees de- de degrees grees below zero zero- In I n there a 11 chain car carcan can be attached by belt or or chain outside th tho t to to a dynamometer r il room and run for Cor various cold I weather we ther tests Or an engine Is placed In the room attached to the dynamo dynamometer d meter and tested for freezing or for crankcase cran case oil oU dilution or for any of the other cold weather difficulties that face Cace engineers to to- to day A rubber laboratory has for Its purpose the design of rubber en en- engine gine gln and chassis chassis' mountings moun lings and other uses use's uses us s of rubber to make driving easier caster METHODS METh ALSO ATSO IMPROVED J An electroplating laboratory Is Isnow Isnow isnow now being devoted to the tho study of or chromium plating of bright sur sur- surfaces surfaces faces aces such as radiator shells door doorknobs doorknobs knobs and an so on is isone isone isone one of the hardest metals In ex existence ex- ex is rust proof and durable It Is now being Ing tried out for tor au- au automotive au au- automotive automotive use Research goes even en Into Im im- Improvements improvements Improvements of manufacturing methods In order Indirectly to Im ten- Improve Improve prove the car Therefore one re re- research research research search laboratory includes an ex ex- experimental experimental foundry where foun foun- foundry foundry foundry dry methods are studied where accurate methods m for testing coke and iron are sought and where the properties of new materials are uncovered The work of 0 tie tte automotive rc- rc se 8 n h hI Ja oratory Or tory so Is-so tremendous and BO so varied that it requires a shop of Its own where parts are made ma-de to the special design or of the engineers In a a. shop like this an entire experimental chassis in including In- In InclUding including all alt but the bOdy can be built NEXT EXT will take up the Inh y step tep In auto unto took manufacture manufacture tools tools' and gauges nn |