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Show METHODS OF . IRRIGATION TAUflHT During the annual -visit of tho Oregon Ore-gon Short Lino and Union Pacific farmers' Industrial train in Ogden yesterday it was shown that the purpose of tho demonstration train Is to teach tho farmers, horticul-turists horticul-turists and agricultural students the best methods of Irrigation with a minimum ubo of water and also to teach Tvhat varieties of grain and irulta give the best results. The completeness com-pleteness of tho exhibit Is very nicely illustrated in tho horticultural exhibit, which furnishes instruction from the time of selecting the nursery stock to tho packing of tho fruit Greaj care has been takon in tho arrangement of tho exhibits, which present a most inviting appearance Especial effort Is made to bring out the objects of the tour In a prominent promi-nent and instructive manner Tho Irrigation car is probably the feature car of tho train It contains a showing of both dry farm and irrigated irri-gated farm crains anrl ctiissm. nrln- cipally from the Irrigated farm An interesting exhibit shows tho results of experiments made at tho Idaho and Utah agilcultural colleges to ascertain at what point the maximum maxi-mum result of irrigation can be obtained, ob-tained, or, in other words, how to irrigate to the best advantage. For oxnmple, a display of beet sugar in glass tubes shows that one acre of beets Irrigated with five inches of water produced 13 1-4 tons irrigated with ten inches produced IS 1-2 tons. Irrigated with fifteen Inches produced 21 3-1 tons, Irrigated with nineteen inches produced 19 3-1 tons This demonstrated that tho best result was secured with fifteen Inches After that amount the product decreased On wheat St is shown that the maximum max-imum result is obtained at eighteon inches per acre. It is also exemplified that twonti inches of water to one acre produced S2 bushels of wheat, while the same amount of water spread over four acres, five Inches to the acre gave a yield of 248 bushels, or G2 bushels to the acre. Another interesting exhibit is a photograph of eleven varieties of wheat that grew un a single acre. This is to teach tho farmer that greater care should be exercised In seeding. There are also in the car quite a lot of potatoes and the farmor will bo Instructed as to which is the best size to grow from a commercial standpoint. A large display of forage crops, peavlne, vetch, timothy, etc., adorn one part of the car. This Is to encourage en-courage the growth of grasses that are good for forage and for green manure In tho livestock car thero are living liv-ing examples of the finished product of the irrigation car, animals that have boon fattened on home grown forage. Chief among these animals is Brock, a grade Hereford steer who weighs 2,160 pounds and stands four feet ten inches high. Ho is only three years old and was fed on homo ' grown bran, alfalfa and shorts Ho 1 belongs to the Utah Agricultural col- ' lego I The Utah Agricultural college also , sends two fine cows, a Jersey and a Holsteln. I The agricultural department of the ' University of Idaho has furnished two fat hogs, one a Berkshire prlzo winner, win-ner, weighing about 500 pounds and one year old; the other a Poland China. In the hog line the Utah Agricultural Agricul-tural college has a Tamworth barrow Ho 1b eight months old and weighs 350 pounds. Tho horticultural exhibit is mado up of apples and different kinds of dried fruit from Idaho and Utah. There are dates and figs from southern south-ern Utah. The apples are of those varieties which have tho greatest commercial value. Most of them aro red apples, but a few boxes of yellow yel-low skinned ones are sandwiched In to demonstrate that the yellow skinned skin-ned ones show shipping bruises raoro plainly and therefore do not make so good an appearance In tho maikot. The car also contains a few tree roots showing tho effects of the woolly aphis and other tree diseases There arc also models of spraying material and smudging pots. f In order to secure the greatest results re-sults in tho limited time which tho train spendB In each city, a lecture is given in each car of the train at the same time. Six lecturers are on-gaged on-gaged simultaneously In explaining tho exhibits or giving special instruction instruc-tion In the lecture cars. TV. II Olin, director of agricultural extension at tho University of Idaho, delivered a lecture yesterday on "Diversified "Di-versified Crops, or tho Importanco of Crop Rotation for tho Irrigation Farmer." In part ho said; "The primary purposes of a crop rotation are, first, prevention of 'crop ' sick' soils1, the result of continuous cultivation of the same crop for a period of years; second, the elimination elimina-tion of weeds, in&ect pests and crop diseases; third, increase the productivity produc-tivity of the field crops by conserving conserv-ing the soil fertility, "The first crop to be grown In any appreciable degree 'under tho ditch was wheat. Wheat followed wheat year after year on the river plain farms of 'Utah and Idaho until In some instances the yield of grain fell 25 and oven 50 per cent below what it first gave tho farmer. This was on comparatively virgin soil, which we think is rich aB cream. Why Is this? Feeding at the same depth on tho samo plant food elements absorb the readily availablo plant food of this particular element, so this class of plants Is then sparingly fed. Liko a starved pig, It cannot make Its owner tho profits the well-fed ones do. "Therefore, In closing, permit me to say, study your farm soil and make your crop rotation Improve rather than Impoverish 'jour land. Then you can never bo accused of being a soil robber and leave behind you a depleted deplet-ed boII We must get our bread and butter for today, but we should always al-ways have an eyo on tomorrow's supply. sup-ply. Nature has been prodigal with us, storing up for centuries tho vory elements our crops can utilise best. Wo aro the stewards of this heritage, so wo should uso, but not abuse, our inheritance Yea, we should do more. We Bhould pass the farm on to our posterity improved in every way 60 the next generation can truthfully say of this one, the farms are better for their having lived on them "This mixing brains with the soil enriches the farm, makes country homes inviting and farm life attractive, attrac-tive, healthful and remunerative." "Forage Crops for Western Farmers" Farm-ers" was the subject of an interesting interest-ing talk by L. A Merrill of tho Utah Agricultural college. Ho declared that thero were 3,500 spocles in the grass family of this state. "In this western country, where our farmers have turned their attontir to -the production produc-tion of grasses and forage crops, they hae boon scarcely ablo to place "a limit on the numbor of livestock they are able to maintain and tho amount of livestock products they are ablo to produce,'' said the speaker "Our Irrigated landB are particularly particu-larly adapted to grass or forage crop production, because of the abundance of those plant foods necessary for their growth, particularly lime, potash pot-ash nnrl nlinsnhntno onrl v.nn..n e ' the assurance of supplying moisture Just at the tlmo needed It Is encouraging encour-aging to the western farmer to realize real-ize that with the adoption of a proper svstem of cropping, one acre hero can be mado to do the work of three or four acres In the middle west, or even I fifteen or twent acres In the south- I est I have seen three cows pasture pas-ture on a single acre of upland pasture pas-ture In Utah from May until November, Novem-ber, and in the east havo observed that it is necessary to havo from three to four acres to pasture one cow for the samo length of time Our pastures need never become dry or parched, but urder a proper svstem can bo kept constant) green and succulent." suc-culent." L. M, WInsor of the Utah Agricultural Agricul-tural college went far Into the history his-tory of irrigation in his talk on "Tne Economical Distribution of Irrigation Water" He said that throughout the world 138,000,000 acres of land has been reclaimed by irrigation up to the present time. "The state of Utah represents an area of over S2.000 square ml!es, of which only 1,700 square miles are cultivated and less than 1,000 square miles, or slightlv tinder 1 25 per cent, are actually irrigated," said Mr. Win-sor Win-sor "Idaho Is in a similar condition What we need then most of all is i distribution of the water in such a wav that the greatest res-ilts can be obtained The problem Is not difficult of solution If we onlv apply ourselves to a. study of conditions as we find them and to the information available avail-able In the short tlmo at my disposal dis-posal I hope to open up a line of thought which will help some of you lu your work; for. after all, each of your Individual problems must bo sohed bv 3'our8elvcs " One of the most beneficial of all the lectures was that of John T. Calno III of tho Utah college who talkeJ on "The Use of the Western Feeds " Ills remarks were especially interesting for lhcstock raisers, his charts and detailed explanations offering much valuable Information. The livestock question was also discussed dis-cussed in another line by W L Car-lvle. Car-lvle. dean and director of the Idaho State university His subject was "Pork Production in the Intermoun-taln Intermoun-taln Country" Mr Carlyle took a decided stand on tho matter of raising hogs in the intermountaln country when ho said: Manv farmers believe that It is impossible to raise hogs and produce pork In this intermountaln country vl a profit Some, and perhaps the majority ma-jority of thom, bellpve that hogs can not be grown and fattened at a profit In any country where corn cannot be nbundantly and cheaplv grown; in fact, they aro not backward in ox-pressing ox-pressing their conviction that hogs cannot be grown and fattened without corn Aftor somo years' experience in "hog growing and fattening in this western country, we are convinced that these men are greatly mistaken, and wc believe that this section offers many advantages for pork production that are not to be found In any other section of the United States " Irrigation and more speclficaliv the duty and measurpment of water was discussed by Don H Bark, United States cnKlneor In chanre of irrigation irriga-tion Investigations In Tdaho. "The greater part of the land In tho west would be practlcallv worthless worth-less without water with v.hlch to irrigate irri-gate it, yet thero Is far less attention given to the measurement of this water wa-ter than thero Is to the measurement of tho land." said Mr Bark "Under tho Carey act the land Is sold to tho settlers for 50 cents per acre anl would hardly he worth that without tho water, while water costs the settler set-tler all tho way from X25 to $100 per acre. No one would think of buvlng a farm or any piece of.nronortv without with-out having its boundaries located bv the county surveyor or a competent engineer, yet nine out of ten Irrigator accept tho water that Is rlcn them by tho water master without measurement measure-ment or qiK4'on. even though It is ten times as valuable as the land to which It is applied. These conditions -should be changed. Evorv Irrigator should Install a moasuring tlovlce In his hod ditch and learn how to measure water accurately and then seo that he fo-cures fo-cures whatever water ho is entitled to. Wo havo been far too cirelens In the past about water measurement." Tho apcclnl meeting at the high school last evening proved a most instructive in-structive one. and was the means o( furnishing the Btudents a great deal or valuable Information It was hold more especially for thoso students Who liavo Just'entercd upon tho agricultural agri-cultural course opened at tho local school. Thero "were Bpoclal addresses by a numbor of the demonstration train experts. |