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Show . Ill 1 KiJlSi-r ..r-ici.v AsSiy riiiii 1 . )1 4 t w . il I I I, I i I,, I I 1 pmlM III f? w urarj hi ii)4 ilfei k thA i REATElt NEW YORK, having an- I f ,! ll'lk' V ' nesed pretty much everything In sight J -w l'"! SCSI'S" liflifls f'f( II that does not belong to New Jersey, J 7l I jfm'" i !'''' I ' M" -' ji Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and I fK fT0 IIAa'1 I 1 'I Ill'JliXsl V" ll - fiZrrfjl1 Connecticut and thereby accumulated J M f7?tW ' f, ll'lw J- "'; " (OiWD) population of about 6,0O0,(XK) is jQplWSU IV' ill '1 V ,M Vfl going to celebrate Its tercentenary. iSfeCfA MiHii W IVlW'r. V V ' ' ' 5 feX In fact, there will be at least two rrS fh rA U S il l lMri.Orr O n celebrations and probably more. The Uft VJ t,,- J f. 1 f v 'S3 A bWf i ' L- 4 JUU reUson Is seen In the follonng out- 4y$W& fe'f v'll !f feF 1 ! f 1 8 'TVnYtO5 ' standing dates In New York's early history : esM.niS- 11 0 Kfci'l&'jA fieSW'' ' , "" 1623-Tbe Dutch West India company founded Cr: JBt-c I lf ? 1 H T M 11 L- l JllV.V' "! ? a permanent settlement on Manhattan Island. .i.,H!?P2Sj ,yz B IS II tPi fl I 1620-I'eter Minult. director general of New fgS V liLF Jl .- vt i ' ' " Netherlands, purchased Manhattan island from the "SS9 V ''1 - r---- L... '"- r 1 Indians. . , . jon-i3 o eja a r r..t- . 1 J REATElt NEW YORK, having an-' an-' nesed pretty much everything In sight 11 that does not belong to New Jersey, k 1 Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and I",'?'!''"? Connecticut and thereby accumulated (ffjVWQ) a population of about 6,000,000 Is fcf?3 going to celebrate its tercentenary. O ID celebrations and probably more. The reason is seen in the following outstanding out-standing dates In New York's early history : 1623 The Dutch West India company founded a permanent settlement on Manhattan Island. 1620 -I'eter Minult, director general of New Netherlands, purchased Manhattan island "from the Indians. 1G64 King Charles of Engiana gra brother the duke of York (afterward large tracts in America, Including the Dutch possessions of New Netherlands. Nether-lands. Richard Nicolls In command of an English fleet, took New Netherlands Nether-lands without fighting. New Amsterdam Amster-dam became New York. 1673 A Dutch fleet retook New Netherlands and temporarily restored Dutch supremacy. 1674 A peace treaty between England Eng-land and The Netherlands turned over New Netherlands to England and New Amsterdam became New York for all time. So the founding of New York will be unofficially celebrated this year. Peter Minuit'i historic purchase will be officially celebrated In 1020 by the city and the acquirement of the name of New York will probably be celebrated cele-brated either In 1064 or 1974. The unofficial celebration of 1923 Is largely religious and will run over Into 1924. It will begin with a Huguenot pllgflniage to Europe, Including the Huguenot centers in France, Holland, the Rhine country, Switzerland and the Waldenalan valleys of Italy. It will continue with local celebrations In all districts and cities associated with the Manhattan Island settlement of the Huguenots Into April of 1024. Practically all the colonial societies In America, Including the Huguenot society, so-ciety, Founders and I'atrlots o; America, Amer-ica, the Holland society, the Society of Colonial Wars, the St. Nicholas society, so-ciety, the Descendants of Colonial . i (. A . V. II I .. n it'll 10 ins James II), them home. At tills time there were only two permanent settlements on the Atlantic coast, St. Augustine (Spanish, 1505) and Jamestown (English, (Eng-lish, 1607). In 1021 the states general of the United Netherlands granted a charter to the Dutch West India company covering cov-ering the whole unoccupied coast of America from Newfoundland to Cape Horn. The charter guaranteed to colonists col-onists social, political and religious freedom. "Do you wish to build, to plant, to become a cltlzenT" was the main question asked of colonists. In 1023, three years after the landing land-ing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the first colony was landed on Manhattan island from the ship New Netherlands (200 tons), Captain May. There were 30 fumllles, 110 strong. They were Walloons, Trotestant refugees from Belgium (until 1S30 a partjf The Netherlands), Neth-erlands), with their cows and chickens, chick-ens, farm Implements and household furnishings. A landing was made at Custle Oarden. They were welcomed by traders and Indians. The "Christian "Chris-tian teacher" who accompanied them prayed and gave thanks before their first meal. Captain May read to them his commission ns governor. The "official figure" was a beaver with a coronet for Its .rest. The first-born on the island was Sarah RapnIJe. And this was the beginning of Manhattan, Man-hattan, afterward (10511) New Amsterdam, Amster-dam, and finally (1074) New York. cm..,. -WHO 1a Aniintrv hofvL'non thfl more than 500 carlouds of onions; from California more than 100 carloads car-loads of tomatoes, more thun 200 carloads car-loads of celery, and more than 5,000 carloads of grapes ; from Florida 1,000 cars of cabbage and 1,300 cars of lettuce; let-tuce; from Washington more thun 2,000 carloads of apples; from Colorado Colo-rado more than 500 carloads of cantaloupes; canta-loupes; from Georgia more than 1,500 carloads of peaches, and from Illinois more than 400,000,000 eggs. New York's history can be conveniently conven-iently divided into five eras: 1023-1783 Colonization period. Population Pop-ulation in 1790 was 40,401. 1783-1825 Recovery from damages of British occupation during Revolution; Revolu-tion; first attempt at a city plan; coming of the steamboat Population In 1820 was 152,050. 1825-1805 Opening of Erie canal, which gave New York supremacy over Philadelphia as the premier trading city; introduction of gas; establishment establish-ment of railroads; Improved local transit facilities. Population la 1UG0 was 1,174,779. 1805-1898 Realty booms; Introduction Introduc-tion of passenger elevator; commercial commer-cial use of electricity; use of steel skeleton In building construction, which enabled the city to grow vertically. verti-cally. Population in 1900 was 8,437,202. 18!S-192.'I Rapid transit In all directions, di-rections, enabling the city to grow horizontally. Population In 1920 was 5;020,048. The future of New York and Its Im- merilntA environ Invltfn sntvulntlnn. guenots (French Protestants), Dutch and English. Settlements were made In all directions. Minult was succeeded suc-ceeded by Van Twlller, who Is responsible respon-sible for Governor's Island. Kelft, responsible re-sponsible for the Indian war of 1643 which nearly depopulated Manhattan, came next. Then came Peter Stuy-vesant, Stuy-vesant, of cherished memory. Governor Stuyvesant was a one-legged, one-legged, flre-eatlng Veteran of the wars, but he could not make his people fight the English fleet under Nicolls In 1004. They did not intend to do anything that might take them away from New Amsterdam. And it's quite likely that they figured Nicolls might be less of a tyrant than was Stuyvesant. Stuy-vesant. Nicolls proved to be quite mild-mannered. mild-mannered. He made the burghers swear allegiance to England, but confirmed their social, political and religious liberties. In 1005 the Dutch autocratic municipal government was wiped out by proclamation and the English system sys-tem of mayor and aldermen was substituted. sub-stituted. Thomas Wlilett was the first mayor. Of the five aldermen two were English and three Dutch. When the Dutch fleet appeared In 1073 there were but eighty men in the garrison to withstand 1,000. So again the city changed hands without fighting. fight-ing. Within two years a treaty of peace restored New Netherlands to the English. Fort Amsterdam became Fort James and Ne Amsterdam became be-came New York for all time, while Fort Orango became Albany (York's (jovernors, uie oons oi mo nomu-tlon nomu-tlon and the Daughters of the American Ameri-can Revolution will take part. Protestant churches under the leadership lead-ership of the Federal Council of Churches have established the Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland commission, commis-sion, composed of men and women all over the country who are Interested In the celebration from a religious point of view and have fixed upon Sunday, Sun-day, April 27, 1924, for special serv-Ices. serv-Ices. President Harding is the honorary hon-orary chairman. The reason for this religious celebration Is set forth In what follows. New York's history really begins, of course, on that September day of 1009 when Henry Hudson, an Englishman In the employ of the Dutch East Indln company (chartered In 1002), sailed Into the mouth of the Hudson river, looking for a passage to the indies. He sailed his Half-Moon (90 tons) up the nudson as far as tidewater went and then turned back. Three years later the Dutch company com-pany established a trading post on Manhattan Island (Man-nn-bat-ta) at about where No. 39 Broadway Is now. It consisted of a redoubt, storehouse and four log huts. The next year Adrlen Block's Tigress, loaded with the first cargo of furs for The Netherlands, Neth-erlands, was burned. Block built the Onrust (Restless) of 10 tons, got another an-other cargo of furs and (1014) took cm lit rr jui me wi ii j v fc trading posts on Manhattan Island and at Fort Orange (Albany) had been called New Netherlands by the Dutch. In 1020 arrived the first director general of New Netherlands, Peter Minult of Imperishable fame. He bought of the Indians the 22,000 acres of Manhattan Island for J24 worth (at Dutch prices) of trinkets and weapons. Then he built the first Fort Amsterdam near the Battery. Then Manhattan settled down to a regular program of life. There were 270 Inhabitants. In-habitants. Each settlor owned his house, tilled the lanj and traded with the Indlons. The popular conception of early New York Is a city of rotund Dutch burgers, Idling In the shade with their schnapps and long-stemmed pipes. Maybe. Hut here's a truer picture of the days Just before the English captured cap-tured New Amsterdam In 1004: There were about 300 houses and 1,500 people. A man with f 1,000 was considered rich. The better houses were of brick and each had Its garden. gar-den. The floors were sanded. There was a splnnlng-wheel In every home. The people rose with cock-crow and nte breakfast before sunrise. There were no Idlers. Tea parties were over before milking time. Every family had n nible and maybe a prayer-book. Manhattan island's population Increased In-creased slowly, new settlers being Hu- Certalnly New York Intends so far as It can to Ignore artificial political boundaries. It has begun the constructive construc-tive development of the metropolitan area within a radius of fifty miles from Battery park. A Committee on the Plan of New York and Its Environs Envi-rons has divided this area Into six sectors sec-tors with an expert studying each. These sectors Include areas In Connecticut Con-necticut and New Jersey. The experts ex-perts will report on the possible uses of land and the densities of population In the different sectors. The general question of regional zoning and the distribution of Industries, business and residences will be considered, with Indications of probable future tendencies tend-encies and dongers. As relief from congestion of population Is one of the things most sought, questions relating to decentralization with observations regarding the location of new Industrial Indus-trial areas and business and social centers will receive considerable attention at-tention in the surveys. Contrast New York's present skyline sky-line with that of 10591 Yet New York Isn't satisfied. It has a new zoning zon-ing system and a new "set-back" style of architecture and expects within five years to have buildings 1,000 feet high and even higher. "New York Is bound to become the most beautiful and distinctive dis-tinctive city in the world," say Its architects. second title). So this Is New York the American metropolis that in 300 years has become be-come the eeond city of the world. Its only rival Is London, a city that had Its beginning In Roman times. Greater London has 093 square miles and 7,502,-124 7,502,-124 (1919) Inhabitants. Greater New York has 815 square miles and 5,020,048 (1920). Naturally New York does not hate Itself. The Merchants' association has pointed out that If the great cities of Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Cleveland, St. Louis, Boston, Baltimore Balti-more r.nd Pittsburgh the eight largest cities of the country excepting New York were transplanted with all their people to the section lying within fifty miles of New York city, their combined com-bined population would not equal the number already resident In this area. The district surrounding the port produces pro-duces a larger total of manufactured products than any other similar area In the world. In 1922 this port handled han-dled approximately 43 per cent of the foreign trade of the United States. And really the whole country Is more or less Interested In New York, If only for this reason : New York each year buys from Minnesota more than 45,000,-000 45,000,-000 pounds of butter; from Wisconsin more than 14,000,000 pounds of cheese; from Virginia more than 3,700 ear-loads ear-loads of white potatoes; from Texas |