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Show Hudson Straits Found Ice-Free 3 Airmen Discover Outlet of Bay Blocked by Floes From North. Toronto, Out. Unexpected conditions! condi-tions! In Hudson straits, the outlet of Hudson bay to the Atlantic and therefore there-fore of the new Hudson Hay rallwaj trade with Europe, have been discovered discov-ered by a Canadian government aerial survey party during the last three months. Hitherto It has been claimed thai the straits were not open for navigation naviga-tion for more than three months in the year. Some authorities placed the period at one mouth late August and early September. Two months was generally accepted as about the limit. The most favorable estimates never placed the cloying date for navigation later than mid-October. Yet October 15, 1927, In the straits, dawned fair and warm. Airmen climbed into their machines and soared out over the lonely Arctic waters. No ice was in sight. Not only were the straits free of It, but none could be discerned in the southern reaches of Fox channel. November came and still there were no signs of ice. The weeks passed and late In November a patrol northward north-ward Into Fox channel returned with the Information that an ice pan was slowly drifting southward. Not till the first week in December did It reach the straits. By December 10, the airman reported that a huge Ice pan blocked the western entrance to the straits, stretching from Nottingham Notting-ham island to the coast of Labrador. Straits Never Freeze. It is believed the straits never freeze over. The current is too fast. However, How-ever, each autumn, ice drifts dowu from Fox channel into the western end of the straits and through the straits, to the Atlantic. Green, tough Arctic Ice, which the summer sun could not melt, but only reduce to great irregular irreg-ular chunks. Vast fields of this ice drift Into the straits. The straits, however, are from 50 to 100 miles in width and the range of vision of a man on board ship does not exceed 12 miles. Hence the government gov-ernment has thought it possible that there might be open water in the straits the year around if a ship's captain cap-tain knew where to lind it. That is a question yet to be determined. de-termined. But whether an open channel chan-nel through the winter exists or not, the fact was established that this year the straits were free of ice until December De-cember 10. Navigation in lluds-on straits in 11127 was open as long as it was on the Great Lakes. Unless 1!)27 proves to have been an exceptional year this fact will revolutionize opinion respecting respect-ing the possibilities of the Hudson bay trallic route. The aerial survey party has established estab-lished three bases, at Nottingham island at the Hudson bay end of the straits, at Wakeliam bay midway through, and at Cape Burwell on the Atlantic. The distance from Nottingham Notting-ham island to Cape Burwell. that is. the length of the straits, is 450 miles. Linked by Wireless. The expedition left Sydney, N. S.. July 13 last, arrived in the straits in September, had us bases established and was ready for Hying October 13. It is in almost daily communication with Ottawa by low wave wireless. Since October 13 the straits have been under daily observation of these pilots, aloft in their cockpits. Air patrols have been carried out in three directions direc-tions from each base east, north ami west, so that an area 100 miles wide ami l.oou miles long has been down over almost every day. The greatest dangers they have te purled come fnm lite granite eli:T which form lie shores of tiie str;--is Tliey rise hundreds of feet, in fail weal her they are ma dangerou! but ! In a fog they are a serious menace. Woe to the flyer who misjudges their position. The Hudson Bay railway, it Is expected, ex-pected, will be complete by 1920. The Hudson straits aerial survey will remain re-main at work until the spring of that year, by which time it will have compiled com-piled detailed information respecting conditions on Hudson straits that will facilitate the new stream of navigation naviga-tion expected to develop. Quite possibly pos-sibly a permanent air patrol will be maintained to reduce the hazards of this bottle neck. "Billy the Kid's" Home Regains Cattle Title Carrizozo, N. M. Lincoln county, which was for many years a center of the live-stock industry of the Southwest, South-west, is staging a comeback in the cattle business. Many noted old ranches, some embracing as much as 300,000 acres, have changed hands and are being restocked with high-grade high-grade or registered animals. Lincoln county was a pioneer in the cattle business, the first great herds of the state, ofteD - cumbering over 100,000 head, being ranged here during dur-ing the Civil war. The industry in early days was largely confined to big companies and their conflicting range interests gave cause for many bitter range wars. It was here that Billy the Kid rose to fame in range war activities, killing kill-ing 1G men of the opposing faction in the Lincoln county war before he died with his boots on at the age of twenty-one. The factional fight in which he figured grew out of the killing of Robert Tunstall, for whom Billy the Kid was range foreman. George Coe, a former partner and friend of Billy the Kid, still lives here and is one of Lincoln county's leading lead-ing stockmen. World Eating Less Food Because Work Is Easier Washington. A general decrease in food consumption in the last two decades has been noted by the National Na-tional Industrial Conference board. Meat, in particular, has decreased in use, the fall being 10 per cent. Mechanization Mech-anization of agriculture and industry indus-try and the accompanying decrease in mainual labor was called a contributing contribut-ing factor to the decrease in food consumption. con-sumption. According to the statistics gathered bj the board, the use of wheat flour decreased 20 per cent from 1S09 to 1923, and of coiumeal over the same period 75 per cent. These two foods are the ba'se of a manual laborer's la-borer's food and are an indication of the decrease in this sort of work, the board says. Parallel to the decrease in the use of heavy foods by humankind Is the decrease in the use of the horse, which formerly required about three acres each for maintenance. From 1910 to 1925, the board reports, the number of horses decreased by almost al-most 5,000,000, thus leaving 15,000,000 acres of land for other uses. The board pointed out that the gradual disappearance of the horse Is one of the contributing factors in the farm problem because of the increase in surplus since the age of motorization. Criminals Are Popular According to Novelist Budapest. In an article in Die Nemzeti Ojsug on popular favorites, Miklos Sunranyi, the well-known novelist, makes an interesting scale of the degrees in which various professions pro-fessions and stations in life arouse popular interest. On the lowest rung of the ladder of popular interest and world renown stand the great scholars schol-ars scientists, thinkers, geniuses and benefactors of humanity. Slightly above them come the great statesmen. Next come the authors, artists, creators, cre-ators, planners and inventors. Higher still come the virtuosi, orators, ora-tors, dictators and generalissimos. Above these come the millionaires. But the fame of the millionaire is far outshone by that of winners of world contests, boxing champions, film actresses, act-resses, exponents of physical beauty, famous courtesans and race horses. And the topmost rung of the ladder of popular favor is reserved for the great criminals. In a word, virtue and brain are today the most despised and worst-paid qualities. Samuel Johnson, lie points out, who wrote the great English dictionary, is known only to students and intellectuals, while Johnson, John-son, the negro boxer, is as well known in the smallest Hungarian village as in Paris or on an American ranch. |