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Show 1 CJQOD RQAD3 ESSENTIALS CF GOOD ROADS Rules Outlined for Construction of Stone Thoroughfaj-es Drainage Is Important. j The essential requirements of good ! stone nad construction may tie condensed con-densed Into the following rules: 1. Cut the liigh places down to a grade not exceeding 1 to 20 ; till up tlats or low places so as to have a minimum grade of I to 200. 2. Construct subdruins to carry away nil seepage water; also make enough cro-s-dralns to dispose of sur-fare-water. Fig. 1 shows a sulidrain of drain-tile covered with stone. Fig. 2 snows a subdraln made of logs, and Fig. .'i shows one made of field stone. Make the suhgrade firm and solid and give It the same curvature as the surface of the finished road. 4 Spread the bottom course of stone evenly, then roll and add a little !l?!f ft r'i- r.e. 2 n. 3 r,. 4 Subdrains and Cross Section of Road. fine material for a binder, and continue con-tinue the rolling until the stones cease to sink and creep In front of the roller. 0. Spread the second course and roll it with the addition of binder and water until the whole surface is hard and smooth, carefully filling with stone any depressions that may appear; ap-pear; then finish the whole with a course of three-quarter-inch stone and screenings. This must be soaked with water and rolled until the surface is hard and unyielding. Always be careful care-ful to commence the rolling at the sides and gradually work toward the center; by so doing the crown of the road will be preserved. If this work is well and thoroughly done the result will be a road that is smooth, hard and convenient for travel at all seasons of the year. Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of a macadam road, with layers of stone compacted in place. For a fanning community the width of macadam need not be greater than 10 or 12 feet. The width of stone surface sur-face should be sufficient to take care of all the travel on the road; but on the other hand it should not be so great as to require unnecessary expense ex-pense in the construction or maintenance main-tenance of the road. When water has to be conveyed from one side of a road to the other it should be taken under the road by means of a culvert. A stone culvert is, of course, the best, but a vitrified tile pipe or a corrugated metal culvert may be nsed. Lastly, give the road a good coat of suitable road oil to prevent dust and retard much damage to automobiles. |