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Show DAIRY I POINTS l . ! MANY USES OF THERMOMETER Particularly Essential to Give Tempera tures of Milk, Cream and of Butter Making. Prenared by tho Unltod HtatoH Deportment of Aurlculturo. ) Hardly a useful instrument around a farm is more neglected than the thermometer. Properly npprorinted. It would serve tho farmer in many ways. Exnct information on the tenipornture of the nlr Is of Importance; but there nre dozens of other uses. A thermometer should ho the con stunt companion of the dairyman. In probably no other department of the farm can a thermometer be used to greater advantage thnn in connection with dairy operations, , The temperatures at which milk, cream, and butter ore kept, and nt which the various operations of butter mnking nre carried on, are very Important. Im-portant. When milk Is to be sold as such it should be Immediately cooled. Thi-reason Thi-reason for this Is to stop the increase of bacteria as much as possible. Ilnc-terla Ilnc-terla will reproduce themselves every half hour If the temperatures are fnvorable. If milk Is to be separated by the centrifugal process, It should have o temperature of about 90 degrees ; If bj the gravity methods, It should be cooled to 50 degrees very soon aftet milking. Tho temperature at wide cream Is churned Is an Important Item : 52 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit Is con stdered about right. Butter should be stored In a cool place to keep It sweet For all these purposes It Is essential to have a thermometer, and one that can be depended upon for accuracy. The necessity of maintaining correct cor-rect temperature In an Incubator need not be emphasized. The temperature Is correct nt 103 degrees, and It should not go lower than that, especially during the first six days. Some Incubators Incu-bators have an electric alarm which rings a bell when the temperature goes below 103 degrees. In the care of live stock, the clinical or feyer thermometer may be fount! very useful. The following are the normal temperatures of farm animals : Swine, 104 ; goats or sheep, 102 to 103 ; cows, 101 to 102; horses, 09 to 09.6; dogs, . 99 to 100. ' A rise ' of 1' or 5 iSllliiPIf: thl i I f- u. j Testing the Temperature of Crears Before Churning. degrees Is unimportant If temporary; but if pe nnent It indicates a' serious condition - hlch needs attention. A rise of 10 to 12 degrees in animals is usually fatal. In calling a veterlnorlnn by telephone, It Is often Important to be able to give the exnet temperature of the animal. A good clinical thermometer, if available, avail-able, should be used according to veterinary methods. The thermometer will tell whether tho cellar or storage house Is of the right temperature for produce. Apples are frequently stored In outside cellars, where the temperature Is best If it can be kept at 31 or 82 degrees ; hut 84 or 30 degrees will give satisfactory results. re-sults. If the temperature Is to he higher, the fruit should be placed in storage soon after being picked, to forestnll preliminary decay. ' For atmospheric temperature of a room the thermometer should be hung, If possible, away from the wall and where It illl not be affected by nlr currents from 'open doors or windows or from 'stoves or nrtiQclrrt hent In the cold sensons. With constant use one becomes acquainted with the instrument, so that dependence will be placed upon It ; and with constant use uniform success In' operations conditioned on temperature tempera-ture may be hoped for. |