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Show at a garden the traditional cloister In the form of an open gallery measuring 800 feet' on each of lta four sides, which serves the frlan for their walks on rainy days when It la Inconvenient to take exercise In the open. However, visitors, though denied a poep at this sheltered retreat, are admitted to the wonderful shrines and subterranean chambers cham-bers beneath the chapel and which are In large measure responsible for the rapidly growing fame of this Institution. Reached by flights of stone steps from the main chapel are two underground chapels, one being a representation of the Grotto of Nazareth and the other the Grotto of Hoth-lehem Hoth-lehem where Jesus was born. The two grottoes grot-toes are connected by means of an underground under-ground paasage which duplicates In appearance appear-ance the Catacombs of Konio and this passage has at Its central olnt a crypt In reproduction reproduc-tion of the anclont sepulchral chambers where an altar was erected over the tomb of some famous martyr. From this crypt another an-other underground corridor lends to the subterranean sub-terranean Chapel of Poor Souls which Is Intended In-tended for funeral services. In thene underground under-ground shrines burn votive lamps that are never extinguished, day or night, from one end J 1 lxM: t MiM-. Sin r it J y . I. iS3wJo0r Z-MvL , ,r y .a r.., t-... - c. IT:, . ov?i ': ' ' '' ' f - j ' i ., r. v, ' i .ill V. ' - - h I 111C fulled Htates is the seen of a t number of widely varying forms of JfT church oliKcrvanco on Kaster morn- i 1 1 7 r8nK'",? the wiy from 11,8 j4y novel rites In the Moravian Al'fl churches of Pennsylvania to tho (vrV'Yb fashionable servlcta In tho churches c'fJbJ on Fifth avenue, New York, at- Fi tended by the "400" of metroolltun jCl society. There is llttlo doubt, how- Q ever, that the moHt Impressive and I i the most plctureaqno of all Kustur services la that which takes place on tho Joyous spring holiday at Mount Ht. Sepulchre. Th fact V T r U v fvV. "--Tr v cioJtrxAr rss stomas rr?y a r sioijit tfittt only a very limited number of people have ever witnessed the slRnlflcant program here car-rlod car-rlod out and that. Indeed, the great majority of the publlo Is unaware even of the unique character char-acter of the services at this mecca for worship ers. serves, perhaps, to add Interest to the plaoe and the event. Mount St. Sepulchre Is locnted at Ilrookland Initio District of Columbia and Is the seat of th4 most Important church and the most famous monastery reared In tte lir World by the Franciscan brothers. However, It should be emphasized em-phasized Just here: that the casual Easter vlnltor to this retreat at Easter tide need not be a Catholic Cath-olic nor yet even an adherent of any church to appreciate the solemnity and marvelous beauty of the services which take up the greater portloa of this, the most momentous day on the church calendar. The most Important architectural feature of the church at Mount St. Sepulchre, and one from which the church and monastery takes Its name. Is the location In the sanctuary of an exact duplicate dupli-cate of the Holy Sepulchre which has been reproduced re-produced exactly as It exists In Jerusalem. This In Itself would lend Interest to tho Faster services serv-ices held In such a setting, but lnten ifylng the meaning of the religious program for all the spectators spec-tators Is the circumstance that the services are an exact duplicate to the smallest detail of the services which are being held under similar auspices aus-pices and at the corresponding hour at the last resting place of the Savior In Jerusalem. It Is as though the congregation at Ilrookland were suddenly transported to the Holy Land for an hour or a day. To appreciate the novelty s all that transpires at Faster at Mount St. Sepulchre It Is necessary neces-sary to know something of the history of this Institution. The Franciscan brothers have a number of monasteries or houses of the order located In various parts of the 1'nlted States, but the community In the District Dis-trict of Columbia Is in a class by Itself In that It ta In effect the American "branch office" of tho Franciscan friars who are laboring In Palestine. For, of course, the Franciscans are a brotherhood whose work Is of world-wide scope and one of the most Important branches of this work Is found In their function of "keepers of the holy places." For more than seven hundred years the Franciscans have been In possession of almost all of those places In the Holy Ind, which are most dear to all adberenta of the Christian faith such places as the spot where Jeus was born In HetHehem and the Holy Sepulchre In Jerusalemand Jeru-salemand this order of monks has made of It a labor of love to restore and preserve these sacredly historic localities. A large share of all the funds with which this work Is carried on come from America and most of the Franrlrcans who are now serving actively as "keeper of tho holy places" have been educated for their task In the 1'nlted States st tils selfaame Institution Institu-tion at Mount St. Sepulchre. Officially this community Is dfslrnated the Chapel and College Col-lege of the Holy Land and the thirty monks who make up the community are known as the Fathers of the Holy 1 and. Not only Is this a col'ero for the education of the young members of the order wlo are to go as guides and missionaries to the Holy 1-and. but It la also the headquarter and business ofSr of the Commissariat of the Holy land. This latter Is a lesaPy organized corporation which Is authorlred by law to reeelve bequest and donations of all kinds made for the purpose of commemorative and restorative work at the holy place In Pa'estlne. A country-wide organisation of laymen known a the "Cru- ' sade for the Holy Ijind" Is ever artlve In the cause and the funds raised br the "Crusaders" or by mesn of the collection taken once a year In all Catholic churches are sent to Mount 8L Sepulchre for transmission to Paleetlne. With aach a a. Inspiration It la. of coarse, A 1 V " the church. A , ' t low door, set v. 4 v , between two or- ..fr?..'f( ' namental pan- '-;.?.:; ' ;! . ,r : ' els lead to the 'I. - '. outer room of J th tomb. In S ln middle of - ' ' . ' this, supported ., .... j . j. by a low pea,,. f ' tal, there Is a , ") ''. ' stone called the ..! os k - ' Stone of the V ' 1 1 1 't i 'i A K Angel, the orlg- 1 ;fb ' -3 Inal of which, r I , 'i n ' tradition avers, ' jj. ; ! J y , - is a fragment of .' I i th very stone r lA.,grn on which the I-!) m . ' Messenger of 1 ! "S1 I :1 yi ven rested S It1 t I ;"j I wllcn he Kave 9 s" I I'JJ the glad tidings tt t-; U I on that memo- N fc s I rable Easter - "H morn. Natural- - J jy this is an ob- P'iSsaii' u. vammut jct of the most ' u tfV" IT " 1 Intense Interest MlnnimYLm to the E..t.r pfiCT 'throng. fiZ'C, Through a seo- - . J ond door In Vr 1. fl, i)T-""'aj" II this facsimile .vlcLW Bpukhre an 2.' t . .- .i opening even lower In height r 3T.JP2JLCtZ than that above m n 1 1 oned the visitor reaches the representation of the place where the Savior was laid. From the celling depend memorial lamps and every detail de-tail of the tomb In Jerusalem Is reproduced, even to the famous silver panel by Raphael reprenentlng the Resurrctlon. Above the Sepulchre, Se-pulchre, aa already explained. Is Mount Calvary, Cal-vary, the altar being a replica of the one at Jerusalem. While the Sepnlchre Itself Is naturally the climatic point of Interest on Easter, services of special character are held In the church throughout the Week preceding this, the most significant Sunday of the year. Of the throngs of Easter visitors to Mount St. Sepulchre, no women and very few men are admitted to the "enclosure" of the monasteryfor monas-teryfor this Institution, being designed as a college as well as a chapel. Is built on the old monastic plan with a courtyard laid out of the year to the other. These underground shrines, representative of the apot where Jeaua flirt opened I I1b eyes upon the world and the humble borne of the Holy Family In Nazareth, are both, as in tho case of the Holy Sepulchre, exact reproductions of the originals origi-nals In the far-off Holy Land. Indeed, so faithful Is the duplication even In Uttle thing that we see In lta proper place the stone bench upon the counterpart of which In the Holy Land sit the Turkish sentinels who stand guard over the spots so hallowed by Christians. TWO JUDGE8 IN COURT. "A man has been pawing Judgment on women for centuries. It Is high time that a woman bo permitted to Judge men. And I am perfectly sure that a handsome man could not get away with it at a woman's tribunal aa handsome women are doing every day In courts presided over by men." That's what Miss Mary Coleman, lawyer and suffragette, remarked when I called on bcr with the new proposal, backed by a number of women's clubs, that all the officers of the women's rights court, from the magiatrats down, be women. "I don't think an all woman's court would be a good thing. "I don't think an all man's court Is any better. bet-ter. 'The Ideal court will exist only when Justice Jus-tice has gone into partnership. In this court there will be two Judges one a man and one a woman. Each will learn from the other. And they will alt Jointly and pass Judgment on both men and women." "I have beard two criticisms of women as Judges, especially of their own sex," I remarked. re-marked. 'One person says they would be too sentimental. Another writes essays on woman's wom-an's Inhumanity to women.'" "Well, we can't be both things," Mis Coleman replied, briefly. "As a matter of fact I don't think we're either. I believe that the . best justice prevails when head and heart works together, and I think thla excellent combination Is more often In women than in men. "Either a man Is absolutely Inflexible and cold blooded, or he Is wtsihy-wanhl!y emotional. A Juuge and Jury of men rarely fail to be Influenced In-fluenced by a handsome, attractive woman. Hut I am equally positive that fascinating men criminals could wield no such Influence over women on the bench." ;? ' . - ' i i- t " - ( I ' ',,' -i L - ,. - ' ' J. J - - r, .'f ,r - - h "f r r t f ; :,r- ;;: -:-jUuu juU -. '.'?, 7'" " " " . il i i - K i T jr.. U 3 TV I i Li lr:::: , r-;r;!l' I Hi! :T I - . ITT 7 - TT - Q f '- . -.-f-if-.T wrr?OA or 77r cftwct at siovm not at all strange that the Franciscans at Mount St. Sepulchre are enabled to present particularly impressive services at Easter. Moreover a number of the members of the community have resided for years at a time In the Holy Land and are familiar from long participation with every deail of the Easter services as conducted at the tomb of our Lord In Jerusalem. This Is the case with the present pres-ent superior of the community. Rev. Father Rede Olclgeerlng, who Is the celebrant of the solemn high mass which Is the principal feature fea-ture of the Easter program. It Is doubtful If any church In America Is embellliled with a more lavish floral decoration decora-tion than that in the Chapel or the Holy I -and on Easter morning and equally notable Is the special music by the choir of male voice made up of members of the community with one of the brothers acting as organist. The chapel at Mount St. Sepulchre, and which la all too small to accommodate the throngs that come hither on Easter, Is In the shape of a fivefold cross, the large cross forming the main body of the church and the small croses being represented by chapels. This cross, symbolic of the Ave wounds of our I or 1. appear again and again at Mount St. Sepulchre and a representation of It In Venetian Vene-tian mosaic forms the pavement of the church. The central aisle of the large cross has. at the entrance of the church, a portico which aupports a gallery, while at the other end Is the sanctuary. The whole Interior with Its row upon rows of columns and arches and Its significant uhlte and yellow decoration. I stately and majestic In the highest high-est dcRre and affords the best possible background back-ground for the Easter decorations. The whole arrangement of the Interior conduces con-duces to focus attention upon the sanctuary which Is the main point of attraction In the church and especially so on Easter when It becomes the locale of much that transpires. The architect who directed the erection of the duplicate of the Holy Sepulchre spent much time In Jerusalem studying the original and he baa produced a marvelotisly faithful and a cru rate replica. Two marble stairways, one on either side of the Sepulchre, lead to Mount Calvary, which forms lbs fclgh altar of Easter Betrothals in Hungary ' During the first centuries of the Christian church, Easter waa celebrated on the same day of the Jewish Passover, becaur-e Christ rose from the dead on that day. In the early days of the church Easter mas the favorite time for performing miracle plays; priests became be-came actors, and the rhurcbes, theaters for the time being. One of the most popular of the mystery plays Is based upon the cowardice of Pilate In condemning Jesus. "Three days after th death of Christ," runs the old k-aend. "tl.e pious women of Jerusalem came In a crowd to the pa1ce of the great ruler and hurled bitter reproaches at him for his cowardice. Pilate retired to the Innermost part of the palace to escape their reproaches. Still th voices of the women readied him. crying. "Coward: At last Pilate became so Infuriated In-furiated at their cries that he ordered the pre-tortans pre-tortans to drive them out by throwing water on them. This seemed effective, for the mob dispersed and quiet war restored Rut to the horror and consternation of Pilate, as he passed from his palace and entered the atreets of Jerusalem, the cry of 'Coward filled the air as If from a thousand tongues. "Nature herself takes up the curse, and a sudden shower breaks. In which every drop of rain calls the wretched man 'Coward!' The ocean, the sea and the rivers take part In the great demonstration, and the word coward wrung from the heart of nature herself cease not to ring In Pilate's ear until death frees him from the curse." From the legend springs a curious custom practiced in Hungary on Easter Monday. At dawn the men of the village wait for the maidens maid-ens of their choice to appear; as each sees the maiden of his heart he runs after her. and drags her. shrieking and protesting, to the nearest fountain or well, where he proceeds to drench her liberally with water. Thoroughly drenched, the maiden Is supposed to pay for the courtesy with a kiss. Often she breaks away from her tormentor, and there Is a hot and merry chase until she is captured. Of course, she 1 xn caught and Is usually a willing victim, tor this Is one of the Magyar betrothal customs, and an early marrtag follows fol-lows the rite. |