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Show be held within a foot or two of the blossom in order that the spray can penetrate to the very bottom of the cup. To do this thoroughly, it is necessary neces-sary to point the nozzle straight into every blossom on the tree, and to do Grape Root Worm: a, Adult or Beetle; b, Eggs on Cane About Natural Size; c, Eggs Enlarged; d, Full, Grown Larvae; e, Pupa; f, g, Roots of Grape Showing Injury of Larvae; h, Grape Leaf Showing Characteristic Chainlike Chain-like Feeding Marks Made by Beetles. Bee-tles. this the sprayer must stand on a platform high enough to reach into the blossoms, and he must then get down low enough so that he can reach those blossoms which point downward. Most of these blossoms that point downward may be reached from the under side by turning the nozzle under them and directing the spray upward. The top of the spraying tower should be just high enouph so that a man's head will come just about to the level of the tops of the trees. -This tower may be placed on a wagon and drawn from tree to tree. A barrel pump, operated by a man with a good muscle, will do the business busi-ness thoroughly, and the two or three hours necessary to spray a good-sized orchard, even when repeated three times during the growing season, is time that will bring Us reward from four to tenfold. In some cases very good results have been obtained by a single application, appli-cation, but perfect results cannot be had unless the first spraying is followed fol-lowed up, not only during the first season, but for every season. In spraying peach trees to prevent rot and leaf-curl, the spray should) be applied just before the leaf buds open. The foliage of peach trees is delicate and easily injured and, therefore, if bordeaux is applied, it should be reduced re-duced to one-half strength. If bordeaux is used when the fruit is about ripe, the peaches will be discolored. Many orchardists use the colorless solution of copper carbonate at this time, but it does not have as good effect as the bordeaux. In spraying for codling-moth, or other insects, where arsenate of lead is used, care must be taken that the mixture be not too strong and that It be not applied on very hot, dry days, as it undoubtedly injures the trees under these conditions. In some instances in-stances spray applied at Buch seasons injures the foliage and causes It to drop. Spraying Time V'hf-n It costs less than ten cents a tree to spray an apple orchard, the wonder is that more are not sprayed; particularly the wonder grows when it Is a proved fact that the'erop is increased in-creased front ru to 3uo per cent by Intelligent spraying. The cost of spraying is not easy to ascertain, or to make a general average, aver-age, because of the varying conditions - Twig From an Elberta Peach Tree Sprayed With a Sulphur Spray Healthy. in the orchard sprayed. An orchard-ist, orchard-ist, who is supplied with all the modern mod-ern machinery, and who has a large number of trees, can naturally spray his trees at a smaller cost per tree than the man who is handicapped by lack of equipment In a smaller orchard. or-chard. Tin effectiveness of spraying is the great thing. If it is well done, the results will be certain, but if poorly done, they will be uncertain. It will not do to spray half the buds, or three-quarters, or even nine-tenths, and leave any portion unsprayed, if perfect success is to be attained. The codling moth, which probably does more harm to apple orchards than any other insect, is hard to reach, and the greatest care must be taken to apply the spray at exactly the right time to put him out of Dusiness. This insert varies somewhat in its work, and it may he that for two or three seasons in succession damages from it will not be large, but this period of relief may be succeeded by one in which the damage caused by this insect is tremendous. The whole secret of successful spraying is to get the poison in the place where the worms will naturally go to eat it If that is done, the career of the worm is ended, but if the poison is applied to other parts of the tree, and the favorite hiding places of the worm ore not sprayed, it will go on eating i(s way into the heart of the apple, and the work of spraying will be lost. If we examine a young apple when it Is first forming it will be seen that there is a. little hollow called the Twig From Elberta Peach Tree Unsprayed Un-sprayed Attacked by Peach-Leaf Curl In a Short Time Both Leavet and Blossoms Fall. calyx cup. This is covered over by the circle of stamens, and this, iu turn, will be covered over soon after the little apple forms by the live little green lobes, which gradually close and form the perfect roof over the cup beneath. The codling-moth lays its eggs on the leaves Burroundlng the clusters of little apples. The worms do not hatch out until several weeks after the little apple forms, but as soon aa they are out they hustle for a hiding place, and they find this la the bloaiom end of the apple. They crawl down between the little lobes through the stamens, to the very bottom of the calyx cup, aud there, secure from molestation, they proceed to eat their way Into the tender seeds. Now it follows that If the sprayer has done a good Job and injected the bison down to the bottom of the cup, VI r. O. Moth will meet his death with his first meal; but if the poison has not reached the inside of the little cup. the worm wjll go on destroying the apple. If the sprayer waits until the little lobes close over the calyx cup, naturally natur-ally the poison cannot get inside, and this is the point of the whole matter. : It is necessary to spray before the i cup closes. i It has been demonstrated over and over again that where perfect spray-! spray-! lug was done from 92 to 95 per cent of all the first brood of the codling-j codling-j moth were killed. Also, this kind of I spraying destroys some of the remain-j remain-j Ing ones afterward, thus practically : preventing a second brood. I In order to get the poisou Into the little calyx cup It is necessary to In ! ject it w ith considerable force, be j cause the stamen bars are thick and I tolerably stout, aud form a solid root over the cup. If the spray is put on as a mist, it lodges on the outside, and ir ihrowi up into the air to come dov.u in fall lug drops, it will strike this little roof aud roll off. Mere's where thf spray nozzle comes In. This lnstru !' uieut sends a driving spray of frni . drops five or lit feet btfort It breaki f V lc'o a. aim, al thi tsuls .taur |
