| Show A8 The Salt Lake Tribune Cold Turkey After Cold War: US Rethinks Foreign Aid How Will Clinton Invest in Third World? By RC Longworth Throughout the Cold War American aid to the Third World had more to do with buying clients in the battle against communism than with improving the lives of the impoverished people who live there With the end of the Cold War this cynical tradeoff ended But with the US-aiprogram in disarray and President Clinton yet to form an aid policy there is an opportunity for the kind of rethinking of American goals and priorities that is reshaping nearly every area of international life Recent studies backed by events on any days front pages give new urgency to the need for a serious effort to raise living standards in the poorest s of the world This urgency has nothing to do with guilt or charity It has everything to do with US national interest if that interest includes the spread of democracy a lid on environmental damage and an end to ethnic and nationalist warfare Countries don't necessarily have to be rich to be democratic ecologically aware or tolerant of their neighbors But they have to be comfortably above the bedrock level where the daily fight for food and shelter takes priority over the ballot box or clean air All these imperatives — stability democracy and the environment — are a far cry from the Third World policy that dominated US government thinking over the last four decades That policy driven by the Cold War was aimed at buying countries not helping them More aid money went into presidential palaces and other glitzy gimmicks than into productive development projects Most of the aid went to strategic allies such as Israel or Egypt or to the United States' proxies in the war on communism such as El Salvador Much of it was wasted with Washington content to pour money into any pockets so long as their owner stayed The Soviet Union played the same game in a mirror image of the US policy Some countries played both sides and collected from both One was Somalia where US troops are trying to repair the damage The results as in Somalia were dismaying Most of Africa is worse off now economically than it was 10 or 20 years ago Billions of dollars socialvanished into but ist projects or patronizing forays into "appropriate d dards in the poorest three-quarter- s of the world tight-fistedne- ss zation" The Eastern European nations and some former Soviet republics have adopted democracy but may not keep it unless they can raise their standards of living fast Right now the Russians' disillusion with economic reforms is producing a political backlash against President Boris Yeltsin that has the nation in political crisis Similarly the current catch phrase among aid experts is "sustainable development" which means environmentally sound economic development This ignores the fact underlined in the Princeton study that Third World economic development often precedes a clean environment and in its early stages may even make it worse The Clinton administration has no policy yet for ' Third World economic development apart from reversing the Reaganite ban on family planning It will be asked to give more money to more countries Without controls on spending this could only repeat the failures of the past It would be better according to many experts to sub-Sahar- d empty-heade- Research gives new urgency to raising living stan- technology" Many Latin American nations so bungled their economies that they ended up paying more on their national debts than they got in aid - e A ' Choose- - 1 tc 1 il4itAo a ) lis REX El FT Tr :11 1 1 t 1 LI 'Lli1-- SOURCE OF THE LIGHT kforn111 rm Mt Lwow A i t ( vriakt ' I ! at ! 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FRESH Sunday April 4 1993 encourage more investment in Third World nations and take more of their exports in trade None of this will be easy In the wake of the Cold War there is fierce competition around the world for investment money And no US worker can be expected to cheer attempts to help Third World na three-tenth- s three-quarter- d Help Wanted About the only real success stories in the Third World were the "Asian Tigers" — South Korea Singapore Taiwan Hong Kong and more recently Thailand and Malaysia But these countries owed little to Western aid and much to their copying of the Japanese model of development based on government subsidies for exports and protectionism against imports The US outlay for these misguided programs never broke the bank In the late 1950s US aid hit the internationally agreed target of 1 percent of gross national product Even then most of the aid was military not economic At the moment the United States with the world's of 1 perrichest economy devotes only cent of its GNP to foreign assistance Of the "donors' club" of industrialized nations only Ireland gives a smaller share of its income Not all of this is stinginess The Reagan administration undercut one of the most successful programs in 1984 when fired by ideological opposition to birth control it cut off funding for Third World family planning projects was a popular And part of the US backlash against the political distortions of the programs and the realization that by and large they weren't doing any good Most political rhetoric including statements by Clinton assumes that a country must have democracy before it can have economic development The opposite seems to be the truth "As countries develop economically" Huntington wrote they become good prospects for democrati- CHICAGO TRIBUNE high-minde- NATIONWORLD DE It 1 i 4 iii:E11i ) t :4 a r1- 1- a ft POOR |
