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Show A global, ariner ,: Christian Service to call for war on Science Monitor News WASHINGTON. D.C. With an of solutions to draw on, President Carter soon will call on people around the world to assist in array ending hunger. This dramatic next step in the President's campaign to address "human needs" is expected to come in a major address when Congress reconvenes in January. Carter's plan would more than just increase U.S. funding for foreign aid. Drafters of the proposal want to promote popular support among the world's richer people not just governments in sharing responsibility for the estimated one billion people living near starvation. They hope in this way to bypass political barriers. EPA DESERET NEWS, FRIDAY, OCTOBER approach people-to-peop- le than tho government does. say officials who plan to direct a bandwagon effort to encourage Congress to increase funding. A line-uof popular entertainment stars. such as country singer John Denver. have made themselves available for the White House campaign. Public: Most U.S. agencies dealing with hunger and inahnitrition both at home and abroad will submit a "Laundry List" of actions to the task force by Oct. 21, Carter's final policy on alleviating world hunger will take shape in December probably resulting in permanent White House coordination of government activities. from the Peace Corps to the Agency for International Development (AIM. (Bourne has just finisiked one White House plan to begin coordinating the 21 U.S. agencies spending of $650 At the same time, however, White House officials suggest that political influence will be wielded to mduce the internal reforms in poorer nations which would be required to make them more and less dependent on outside aid. These actions are contemplated by a White House task force on world hunger organized in October by Carter and led by a special assistant, Peter Bourne. The task force already has begun to align efforts on three fronts: Private: A White House call for proposals to dozens of charities, foundations, churches and other hunger-fightingroups has created high expectations for the President's and a potential for mass message participation. Private groups currently spend more to reduce hunger g bends, ,. '7. :),, - "., 1..., ,,.:' .,...A .'' - , ' ,,,..... ..,i, '' ;' - , ' : , ' !s. .." ': ,., ..". ',; i,,,',::',''ik,':4 k,,I. mileage estimates 0,.. s.e. .," 1.... .:: .. :, tikY.N '1,:: .., ,.:'5". ,.$-.'0'- It. t,,.:.;,..,, I :''.''':.::-'- 1 1 '''':,,,',',;;,;;:,,.-4,C4?"it-- :,: ::,.:k 70'.0 ' .ikr:-,44- $ - 0:'.45,':,..".;,,1p :. tr 4:'!..!.:4. V A tour group inspects ,s, ,t ' o' i : - '. , , ..,,..:.,.., ;,1,17,1 e;.,;.' , ,' , 4 ,; ..,, s. , He placed his farm in a blind trust so he could devote himself to more important work at the White 200 acres of rolling, red earth House. One spread was entrusted to his overseer, outside Plains, Ga. Leonard Wright, an amiable black man with a toothy, gold flecked grin. He used to split the profits with Carter, Carter furnished the land, fertilizer and seed. Wright provided the labor and equipment. In a good year, he could clear over $15,000. 1 , a,,',,LA ,111 ,,,.., -,-,,,, .:1 0,,,:,,,,,,..,,'$' tv, ,,,,, .. 4e'''',.',,,..1',,1 ';': -. , 4,,,.:',":,,.: 4 .. ... ,.... , ..,.., ,. 1 .:,:,';'Z;s.,. .,. - .. vq, .'i .,..W:,... ,,, .: ..4.. ''.1e.. 1.: ..: ; ' .. ( .., ,,,,., ' T ., .i..:.''''':'.'''"' ''''' 4. .., ...'?'..t.. 0 N ., ''T -I 0,. .... '.4 ' k, , .',:'.'... Now that Carter has given up farming, Wright will keep the full profits from the 200 acres. But he k' :,4,:.'0.01 , 1 ..:....,,, must also lay out the money for the seeds, pesticides and fertilizers. ,;..1 ..i. .. . N4,$4.,,,, Unfortunately, prices have rocketed. Worse, a withering drought has burned his corn and peanuts. He, therefore, will lose money on the Carter farm and will have to borrow from the bank to keep the farm going. He may even be forced to apply for a farm disaster loan from the federal government. Corn was selling for $2.75 a bushel when Wright was deciding what to plant. So he invested heavily in a corn crop and he bought the best liquid nitrogen fertilizer to insure a good yield. .... ,4, , ' . It would have been a bad year WASHINGTON for a small peanut farmer named Jimmy Carter if he hadn't given up farming last January. 4 ,t'4,,,,,',. ,: ;1'1 ,,,,, ..,' - ,',,,.0.,,,,.:,',,.,. and drought ..44,,...... , ..t l!"k 'N...,: .,: 4.. , , ... $ ,,,,.. - -, I.':. 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' ,;..:s,.,... :s?' .....:.1:.;...,,.... ::f U.S. B52 bomber and other paraphernalia of the Vietnam war. of a ,...,,,... .,,, -- ,...' Likku.i.,4,0.4 , photo city-highw- Hano lis brightest lights shine on Ho Chi Minh low side. A 1975 survey by General Motors showed overall gas mileage on new cars was running 12 percent below the EPA figures and that some GM models were missing the agency's projection by as much as 25 percent. In fairness, the EPA has been trying to make the best of a situation that was thrust upon it. It seemed a likely choice to run the fuel economy tests required by Congress in the midst of the 1973-7- 4 Arab oil embargo since it already was conducting exhaust emissions tests to make sure new cars complied with g standards of the Clean Air Act of 1970. Rather than setting up expensive new test facilities, federal officials reasoned they could obtain the gas mileage figures at far less cost as a of the emissions tests. Almost immediately, automotive engineers expressed skepticism about that approach. The EPA emissions tests, they noted, are conducted indoors at the agency's Arm Arbor laboratory on a treadmill-lik- e machine called a dynamometer. Under EPA test procedures, a car's drive wheels are placed on the dynamometer's rollers and the car is "driven" in place. The car's aerodynamic characteristics are ignored because there is no wind resistance. There also are no hills, curves, rain, severe temperatures or varying road surfaces. A professional driver "pilots" the car through a run patterned after a stretch of highway in the Los Angeles area. Slightly more than hall the test simulates city driving with numerous starts and stops and periods of idling. The other, slightly shorter portion is based on freeway conditions with few stops and some speeds up to 60 miles per hour. The average speed on the highway portion is about 43 mph, far below the current average speed of 60 mph reported on interstate highways. In fact, the EPA tests do not even measure the actual gas consumed by the test vehicles. Instead, EPA technicians weigh the amount of carbou buildup trapped in a bag attached to the tailpipe and use that to figure gas mileage. One big advantage that the procedure has over actual road tests is its uniformity. The EPA test can be duplicated exactly for each of the more than 600 new cars that are evaluated each year. The cars. however, are prototype models supplied by the manufacturers. Almost to a vehicle they and finely tuned are stripped-dowdesigned to get the best possible results on emissions and fuel economy tests. The EPA has made a point of forewarning car buyers that its mileage figures are relative, not absolute, and should be used only for comparison. "We've had that disclaimer attached to our fuel economy estimates from the day we first started publishing them in April 1973," said Eric Stork, who oversees the EPA's emissions and fuel economy program. The disclaimer also has been printed on the bottom of window stickers on new cars since the EPA first launched a voluntary labeling program in 1974. Congress retained the disclaimer when it passed a law requiring all auto makers to attach fuel economy stickers to the windows of new cars starting in March 1976. The sticker warns: "The actual fuel economy of this vehicle will vary depending on the type of driving you do, your driving habits, how well you maintain your car, optional equipment installed and used, and rood and weather conditions." Stork. known in the auto industry as the "Iron Duke" for his insistence that manufacturers comply strictly with auto regulations, defends the EPA gas mileage numbers. "Look. the disclaimer always has been there," he says, "but no matter what you do, if you can't get people to read what we say, about the numbers, you're going to have problems. anti-smo- t" 17.7-mil- e n, Editor's note 101,00. ".0. di. di., ged to prison after their capture were hate objects. Today, quiet, attentive visitors look at museum display cases with U.S. military identity cards, flight helmets and other captured paraphernalia and photographs of pilots released in 1974 The visitors don't seem to give as much attention to Vietnam's recent history as they do to exhibits on the Mongol invasion the brightest lights don't shine for the living. They illuminate the mausoleum of the founder of modern Vietnam, President Ho Chi Minh, and the huge square around it in the center of Hanoi, capital of all Vietnam since the Communist victory in 1975. The mausoleum is closed at night, the square empty. The rest of the city is gloomily lit, and electrification has not reached the surrounding countryside yet. Ho Chi Minh is the nation's spiritual leader seven years after his death. His image is seen everywhere. During the day, thousands of rubber-sandale- d feet shuffle past goosestepping guards to view the remains of "Uncle Ho," dressed in a gray-blusuit, in a glass coffin. With carefully combed goatee, the face looks peaceful and serene in the pinkish-yelloillumination. In the courtyard of the National Army Museum are the wrecks of U.S. warplanes, among them an Fill fighter and a B52 bomber. On display nearby are antiaircraft MIG which a guns and a Soviet-mad- e placard says shot American planes down. Four years ago American pilots drag e, e The museum guide claimed not to know what I was talking about when I asked what happened to the "Hanoi Hilton," the Hanoi prison where Americans were confined and allegedly tortured. The potholed markets and streets of Hanoi teem with more people than during the war years. Since all those evacuated during the American bombing raids have returned home, the population has swollen to 1.3 million, and government representatives said a strong effort will be made to send several hundred thousand to the "new economic zones" being developed in the Central Highlands of what once was South Vietnam. War damage is hardly noticeable at the airport and around the city. The antiaircraft guns are gone, revetments filled in. The runways are crowded with military and civilian aircraft, both American and Soviet made. But few seem in use, possibly due to lack of fuel drives through On several hundred-mil- e North Vietnam, I saw no signs of military preparedness. HanoI's soldiers are seen building roads, working on the docks and in factories, driving civilian trucks and even handling baggage at Hanoi airport. but Past the much-bombe- d Hanoi railroad yard a train from steam Haiphong with a high-collar- Foreigners stay at the lakeside, Cuban-buiMang Lei Hotel. At the bar, Wiggling, busy barmaids serve the Saigon Cocktail (crushed ice, two egg yolks, Armenian brandy and Vietnamese orange liqueur, combined in a Japanese mixer) or the Hanoi (coffee liqueur, vodka and milk). lt Judging from their GI slang, some of the girls spent time in South Vietnam during the war. Their clients today are big, sweating Russians and their wives in flowered dresses, East German delegations, a West German steel man. The bar is noisy. Sometimes there are rowdy scenes. Vodka heat. The does not mix well with bar girls manage a few phrases in German, Spanish, Hungarian, Polish or Czech for the international clientele. Hanoi, as well as Haiphong and other cities I visited with a German tour group, are drab and shabby to Western eyes, neglected in 30 years of war. Nobody seems to live comfortably. The window displays of department stores and shops are sparse, even compared with what I saw in Saigon, now called lb Chi Minh City. g smoke-belchin- g ,, ;,,, , :.f , .1', ,,. 4 ,,,f0.4...2,,,,,,.. a, .. ; .,.' "S , f 414, 1 t f :flr - Re , :::. .. '5' '''''' " ' ' ':" - ' .:' ',. ', , ,: .. .. . .,..,,,:,,.,,t-- k: ,:,;: , ' I " '": ' i1. r ',Is i ' yol ''''4'',..'lf. to.- - .t " ::.....:.:7.::...........,:i.,.,,......::,..:.;.,i..'....1,..,::'...:0'....1..::.::'...: - 4yeitl.::....:44,,, " ' 41; ;Ct. A,, :, ) t, ,,,,), A.,.. At T F I , , t 1 ' ? ' , 4 t, 4;,... 11 ......1 : ' , ,, 01 in , ,1 ,!., , ,,,, ' 4 10,,,,y- , '., " ::, 4 ..,''', ....;.: ': - ' if: .". ,..,,,, 4,,,-- :. ''' ; , t' , I .t: ' , i ,, , ,,, --,,,,.,, ::: ,i , ;'' ' t ' ' , ' t" ; , . ik , - ; 4,407' ' ' laws to protect the small land in the Midwest. The small farmers, meanwhile, remain the nation's most efficient food producers. Tenneco, the natural gas combine, discovered this when the company tried to cultivate some 70,000 acres of California farmland. The project was abandoned, with this postmortem: "From the standpoint of efficiency, there is no effective substitute for the small to medium grower who fives on or near his farmland." But the wealthy corporate investors don't need to make a profit each year. They can merely write off the kiss on their income tax forms. Then after the land has appreciated in value, they can sell it for a later profit. President Carter had a chance to sell his federal peanut acreage allotment to a neighboring farmer for a huge profit. But this would have taken the money crop off the farm, leaving no livelihood for Leonard Wright and his family. When Jimmy Carter was a boy, he worked side by side in the cotton fields with Leonard Wright's wife, Mary. This may have been on Carter's mind when lie turned down the lucrative offer and entrusted his farm to Wright. Neither of them expected it to lose money while Carter was away in the White Ilouse 1977, by United Feature Syndltate. Inc .,,;,.,, ,.. :;", 1 ,g ' 4;:, ....,0,;:.7...;0.. o, , , , - t , p ,,, a ..,,,, ,,- -: ,,, If . e 1..,.. 1. ':':.;,.....4:::: Z ' ,:: ) , , 1 .... , 1 'V Vietnamese youth lokes with toy gun at street festival, a colorful event in an otherwise drab Hanoi. , , A P before they develop serious health problems has been developed by a University of Cincinnati research team. Neurology professor Dr. Charles P. Olinger, and mechanical engineering professor Dr. Jack F. Wasserman have created a stethoscope-computsystem that picks up and analyzes previously undetected sounds that warn of a cerebral aneurysm a ballooning weak spot in a blood vessel. The scientists have developed their system to the point where the computer can detect and report disturbance of blood flow through an affected artery. Their findings are reported in the current issue of the Journal of Surgical Neurology. The device includes a stethoscope that picks up distinct sounds emitted by blood vessel abnormalities in the brain. The sound waves, are converted into electric signals, which are taped and analyzed 1) computer, the researchers explained. er ' ,:. - ''.I.AAAtk,,,,,. n A new method of detecting CINCINNATI (UPI) blood vessel abnormalities in stroke-pron- e persons :' , 1 :, ,,,, ''''''. 1 Depression-bor- farmers are hopelessly outdated and family farmers are unable to compete against agricultural giants. We have reported in past columns how the big speculators are gobbling up ever greater bites of the countryside and running up the value of prime farm Device detects arterial flaws ':',....4C-34-. V,;::::,''' ''' - ,?, nation in history. (C), 0 ,,,, ': Obviously, the processors who stand between the farmers and the consumers are squeezing their full profit out of wheat. It's the farmers who take the loss; yet they toil the hardest to make America the best-fe- d ? l' ,,, ,;,, : I 4 t 4, - Wheat prices, for example, have plunged from a bushel in 1974 to less than $2 a bushel. Yet the price of bread has soared during the same period from 47 cents to 60 cents a loaf. $4.23 4 , ,o,' , I id, ',. 4 A i'...;, .;,,L,.,,.....,.. ,,, f, ! g'''.: , 1, ' ' ttli I ,r I ",..e.'4'N. N; 1::. ,; , I) ' d 14,4 ': i,,r ,?' ' .? ' .. . ,, t . '....4 -r ,4-,;::1- ." ., 14.'4 - 4,Av,, . ,..'e:::: i,' Air ' t,:.. A' .- ' - '$,,,,,,,, 1 ... k ? ::.' fro:t.:...);.',,,...;.. ...: " ":..!'1.6- i::1,,,e.:: .! , ','''' foe , l' 'I ' ., ,,:, t, ": '''''',.. ,'.0...;;P":',r r," ' ', '1; ,:,: - ,.. l':'''''" J 3( -- ' f ..14I' . :Air .. ,, , ''' ... ''',. ,. , , .1,40,: ' e,''''' . 3e, :: .r ''.' ,, i ...1;. !" i :: :.'.:;4.:::: , .., .';... I ,...1 , I , f,.: ; . ,, , , But the summer drought scorched his fields and stunted the growth. Now at harvest time, the corn should be high as an elephant's eye, but it scarcely comes up to Wright's knees. Not only is the crop poor, but the price has dropped to $1.45 a bushel. The peanut yield has also suffered from the dry weather. Yet Wright's production costs were higher than ever. The petrochemical companies, for example, keep raising the price of fertilizers. It now costs between $25,000 and $30,000 to finance the year's crop. d Leonard Wright doesn't flash his Jimmy Carter smile as often as he used to do. "The main thing the government needs to do," he told our associate Hal Bernton, "is put some kind of higher price on corn and somehow lower fertilizer rates. A year like this really hurts us. Yet the farms are supposed to take care of the whole world. Everything people eat comes off of the farms." The Jimmy Carter farm isn't the only small spread that has wound up in the hole. The small farmers are the traditional guardians of American values. Yet last year, 26,000 family farmers were driven off their land by the same deadly combination of soaring expenses and plunging grain prices. Thousands more will abandon their farms this year. gold-flecke- Red locomotive huffs across the River Bridge, also used by an endless stream of pedestrians, cyclists, trucks and our tourist bus. The bridge, built by the French in 1899, is almost a symbol of Vietnamese tenacity. It has been battered by decades of use, bombed many times and repaired hundreds of times. The Vietnamese express pride that they kept the bridge open throughout the war with only brief interand still keep it open. But a new, ruptions wider bridge is one of the many, many things North Vietnam needs. in 1288. By Horst Faas HANOI (AP) The lights have been on again in Hanoi for more than two years, but N .400.4E.,411..OPI.410 writer. AP photographer Horst Faas, who won the Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the Vietnam war, went to Hanoi four times hi 1971 to witness the release of American prisoners of war. He recently returned to Vietnam with a German tour group and saw what Hanoi and other parts of North Vietnam are like today. LES WHITTEN 50-5- 0. 4., t 1 A .f.. 'lc 4 ...1:V :...', A'. ..''1 "' ,,,,',, '.i .,.. ...,,i,. ...:. , k, .. P 1J: it ..... .'; :,,,,,r'!:!.k,;,:',,i-:!;,::',,.',- - :.' ::' :: p , ''' , ;',.'''..1714,N7.:.,-..!.I':a.c. r , .:....;. ; .::,:. :.:....,i,,,,, ....,..: i.,,,, , A.,,,, ".,,,,,,,- ,. ; '! ,,ita.,,:,,.,',:',,,k.:' : ;:.94 :t.; V"-- ..: ,'''''v's, .... ,f4. '''.. t i ....... ''''''''4, 44::It.. ! .s,.,i....,.,,, ' --' , 1'...0 ' ' 4; S .; ,,k r....',y0,,f, , A ig4olor.4 ;. .: .. CH:H.. ' ' :. :. ':. 4 i '...'....'4...,:s ,,.., ...,,...::: v..... e',. , .: ....... ...,....- -. ' .....,.. 4.,: ,:: ''..'. i .... ':::::::: :: ::' - :',.:: 't4 ..... . ., -- .::::. Ao 40044 ...,,,,,,,.,,,,, !',J.i,::: .- ..., .:: , Y,';i44.: , .. i y 4 .,,,kt. r'''''' 'Cli t.1. ; :,, . ,..., :,: ,. ., ". .. , st, 4 - :. ,....,,,,-- , 1-- WITH suffers from high costs Science Publishing Societe A ..; ,.. , ' ' ';',1:::1 ' , ,. ....., .. 1, ....,??...:::::."::;, 1 i4. c.,v,',' ', ' ' -: - .,.., ,,' 4,,,- - ,,, 4......,b-,',-,. ,'. ' 2 ,0i':',... , ,..,....,:.,: A: - ',., ,::,' ::.::.::: 4,,,;: 4. ;,, ''''',......,,...$.:zs:;.f.'..,,,,i :',. ;31' ilk,'4itk,', 00 i i,:, , ,i.. -- i"N4,).'4,,:, :4,,..,,,,,,,- , .,, tstr. -.-kw, ..0.::. ,,,, .1 4'''' ,',., ,,,..,.' lk, .,,t,41 ...c..' 7, , .9,.. ,..3. .. A,,.Ar r '":.:,.. :.. , I ,,, , , , 4; ' ..., ,,, N..' ,4 71,, .,g,,:., A '4 :.,: .,'1,'is 7'. :". .?,, M... ::44g ''''''' !I t- - ,:. .''''''''; ." - Itt$ ,:.:., ' 1 .'.:;...,; ; ttg .:444v g ':.,,::,... ',f;'.. 4' ., '," ik', ,'gt.::',,,-,..??"- :''.7 ,..i'.:. ,00', - '': ,, '';1,,:'''. ii ''',::-.-' ., 't vt ie :. :. '., - .11 ',;1( .,;,:. ,..,,k;' ...5'''. WASI1LNGTON (NANA) After four years of steadily mounting consumer complaints, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concedes that its fuel economy numbers are out of touch with reality. According to EPA Chief Douglas Cost le, this is "primarily because of wide differences in driving habits and maintenance practices, and varying road, traffic and weather conditions." Next year's published mileage data will "account for these variables," says Cost le, "and thereby better reflect the mileage likely to be experienced by the majority of drivers under all driving conditions." While almost everyone agrees the EPA's authoritative-sounding figures are too high, however, there is widespread disagreement as to how high. The EPA insists its combined rating is only about 2 mpg above what the average motorist can expect to get under normal driving conditions. Other government agencies believe that estimate is too low. The Department of Transportation, for instance, scales down the EPA figures by 11 percent. The Federal Energy Administration discounts the EPA ratings 14 percent before using them to compile the nation's niontilly gasoline consumption. Even those "discounted" figures may be on the .::.::.?-.:- 4.1', ':.4:. '' '''f' VS ;, :1!; : .,'I :..:44'.''''::'1W..::::. li, :;',...i.'::RA'."..... ,;,:. .1 .;.:' ' , V; '... ,.,.0:31.7., te. ...,,:4M ' ' ,,,,H,,,.,A,,... '$:' 3,:. ..i' .' :,::::, ' '',", e .4 t4.-..,.,.- ,m,,,,,,sko,,,..0. .4,,,,,,, ',,s... ' :'''; :'' .:.:,t ,.:,,, Ak :,':. , I,..,,.kt. t".":'? , Christian 1977 1111DERSOn N Carter farm e 1C1 A 3 .'"''1, JACK , ,,,,,,1 grain reserve began. For the long term. U.S. officials want to adopt a hunger policy which stresses local and is based on "global populism." "Our aid is so enmeshed with our politics and foreign policy," said iknirne, a British born p:;ychiatrist and anthropologist who was Carter's drug and health expert in Georgia. "We should get away from that and aim at the one billion people who live at subsistence levels." k 21, 1977 . ., the same time, the administra- At ,I,o, ,, tion is working to establish a world gram reserve to help feed the people of any country struck by mass famine. At present, no region on the globe suffers starvation to the degree that was seen in Africa and South Asia before the 1974 World Fixxl Conference, when calls for the We want to get away from the notion of America as the breadbasket of the world," says special assistant Bourne. "Our theme will be Sometimes," he adds, "shipping food to other countries has ken destructive to their own welfare." ..,,,., z,,' ,...... : carrot-and-stic- er ' half-doze- n g sk,,o.,,. .1A4 ,..,.,, - 4 ..,'1,-,:-:. t er ?'laill will cut y t,1"1"10!""114"1"1'.1!""":,,!".' ft- ro...m..tr:41Fao?.ws7:ArrllrWUOtrc. - million for international health problems.) International: At the United Nations in October. Carter received permission from U.N. Secretary-Genera- l Kurt Waldheim for U,S.' officials to participate directly in the budget-settinprocess of the or so world agencies, such as UNICEF, that help poor nations. White House strategy is to trake hunger-fightin- g a global effort using world conscience and funds as for reform. p self-relia- nt U r ..-.- i10 |