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Show 14 982 1 2, Radiobiologists Receive Department Award A technique which can infinitesimal amounts of detect radioiand animals is sotopes in humans being developed by radiobiologists at University of Utah Medical MICHAEL Center with the aid of a $532,778 contract from the U.S. Department of Defense. Dr. James M. Smith, research associate professor in the Division GUBLER 7 So. Main, Tooele 882 0202 Pharmacology, is principal investi- award. gator on the three-yea- r The contract is entitled, "Fission Track Assay For Fissile Nuclides in Tissue. "Were using fundamental principles of radiation physics and chemistry to develop a way to measure extremely small quantities of fissile isotopes of plutonium and uranium in tissue samples, explains Dr. Smith. Fissile isotopes such as plutonium-239- , uranium-23are and uranium-23used in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear reactors. "We all harbor these isotopes because of long-terexposure to atmospheric fallout, but in amounts usually so small they can be detected only in large organ tissue samples (one pound or more) removed during autopsy. "The technique were developing will require only one one-- ' hundredth of an ounce of tissue to obtain an accurate measurement, says Dr. Smith. "These samples can be obtained during surgical or biopsy procedures. The Utah researchers are capitalizing on the characteristic of fissile isotopes that makes them ideal nuclear weapons their ability to fission or "split when 3 LT: )W' of Radiobiology, Department of rMS111 s$sr State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company lomeOWice Bloomington Illinois 5 exposed to neutrons. The fragmented atomic nucleus which results has tremendous energy, and these energetic particles are easily detected. Therefore, Dr. Smith explains, "If we expose a small piece of material to a known number of neutrons from a nuclear reactor and count the resulting number of energetic fragments, we then can quantify the amount of fissile plutonium or uranium isotopes in the sample. "One of the things that makes assay of these tissue samples so difficult is that sophisticated techniques must be developed to separate extremely small quantities of fallout plutonium from the uranium we ingest in our daily diet, says Dr. Smith. The technique being developed by the Utah researchers will greatly expand existing knowledge about what constitutes "nor- mal levels of radioisotopes in humans. This, in turn, will enable scientists to more accurately determine when an individual has been ex- posed to higher than normal amounts of these materials due to nuclear reactor accidents, fallout from weapons testing, or other causes. Giving Would Barely Be Affected By Flat-Rat- e Tax sioned by The Readers Digest, to Noaccompany an article in the vember issue by William E. Sitax advocate, was mon, a flat-rat- e 1982. conducted Aug. 13-1of Americans from more than 300 scientifically select- A majority of Americans say they would continue to give as much money to charities as they tax currently do even if a flat-rat- e were enacted that eliminated deductions for such donations, according to a poll done for The Readers Digest by the Gallup Organization, Inc. Seventy-fou- r percent of Americans said their contributions to 6, ed localities across the nation were interviewed in person, in their homes. Those interviewed were asked how their charitable giving would be affected if the present federal income tax were replaced with a churches and synagogues would remain the same if a tax were adopted. An almost equal said they 72 percent number would contribute as much as they do now to other charities such as flat-rat- e tax which would eliminate all the special exemptions and deductions and charge every taxpayer above the poverty level prothe same percentage tax bably in the 15 to 19 percent flat-rat- e public service agencies. A slightly smaller proportion of 65 percent said a the public flat-rat- e tax would not affect their donations to either religious insti- range. Those polled were asked first if theyd give more, less or about as tutions or to other charities, according to results of the poll. Of those who said they would e cut back charitable giving if a tax were enacted, 10 percent said theyd give less to religious institutions, 13 percent to other charities, and only seven percent said their contributions to both forms of charities would be down. The poll, which was commis- - much as they do now to their churches and synagogues. They were then asked the same questions about contributions to other charitable organizations, such as United Way and the Red Cross. Writing in favor of a tax, former Secretary of the Treasury Simon says in the November Readers Digest: "Americans are tired of being defrauded. They want a real and substantial cut in their taxes. Theyre tired of being penalized by the IRS for their own success or for being married. Theyre tired of the hours spent sweating over tax forms. . . Clearly the time has come for a fair tax. The time has come for e the citizenry to press for a of name the in tax, equity flat-rat- flat-rat- e flat-rat- and a dynamic free economy. A Fitting Follow-U- p To The Bird When the Christmas turkey is gobbled up and the stuffings spent. . . what next? A "breather then pumpkin pie, of course. Heres a rich but easy recipe that is enhanced by vanilla flavor pudding and pie filling and prepard whipped topping mix. Fashion your pie with pecan halves andor a garnish of whipped topping. However you present it, it is destined to become one of your "star dpwrtQf CELESTIAL PUMPKIN PIE 1 package size) vanilla flavor pudding and pie filling Vi cup firmly packed brown sugar Vi teaspoon ground cinnamon Vz teaspoon ground nutmeg Vi teaspoon ground ginger Vi teaspoon salt 1 cup milk tablespoon butter or margarine can (16 oz.) mashed pumpkin 1 cup prepared whipped topping 1 1 1 baked pie shell, cooled , Or use 1 Yz teaspoons pumpkin pie spice Combine pie filling mix, sugar, spices and salt in saucepan. Stir in milk; add butter. Cook as directed on package for pie. Remove from heat and blend in pumpkin. Then return to heat and cook until mixture is bubbly, stirring constantly. Remove from heat and chill at least 2 hours. Fold in whipped topping and spoon into pie shell. Chill at least 2 hours. Garnish with additional prepared whipped topping and pecan halves, if desired. 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