Show j j I f f. f t A r. r W J q t r J a f fy fys y a seph ys y j ii a of Pharaoh 1 t f. f J r y 4 t J b n f f t r anis X t x rr R GR t u a a Y n r v y 1 i is 0 4 s r ll hr e Js Lk r i. i S if 1 t t rf 1 t y is iti r 1 I fi r ri y yZ fF 2 Z l. l v a rv A q l Rr f y ii J r x y 3 C tt cy r 44 yea rs a 3 r 3 rr it r r y ski Af et ete MS q va A W i a e w d r w 4 iy u N y 1 f J r J G i iet i t kt I f J a Z xa f i r 6 us T 14 R s 's j L n. n s r yr e r 3 C. C 1 gi ks ari s b yr v i i J e 5 e y y i h J y i 3 Y K s a kr f I i J bb r I t t. 3 X i R t r r k painting of Joseph after he was was honored by Pharaoh for correctly cor correctly r a r f k ea explaining Lamm the rulers ruler's dreams and thereby y saving saTing Egypt from d W x st starvation nation io during rin the h se seven years cars of poor crops Kos' Kos Y r st t 0 t I v 4 W R aj r ry F 4 t t 4 e Y l r i iII roi fk r r c 1 r t i. i tar i Su rv t II fr o S ti f v J-v- Y a 4 v S. S S 'S f r y rr ayra 4 fA d a r r f E s r b Vii t e r tj h rJ Y JI 1 Dovaston's Dovaston s painting of J Joseph s ph b before fore Pharaoh interpreting the Egyptian r rulers ruler's lers ler's dreamt 4 ti 34 Science Steps iJ s In n to Tell Us That Young Interpreter Had Knowledge u 3 y y o of Climatic Changes in in Egypt an and May Have 4 I i r Known i the Relations Relationship hip Between Cycle o of Sun S n Spots and 4 the tte Cycle o of African Rainfall I ti I The cy cycle I of Wy v bk By y Clifton Harby ar y Levy identical sun sun spots with is R riss 4 t rat HOW OW did Joseph know the meaning of ol l those dreams of Pharaoh which heN he N w was s asked to interpret How Sow could that hat Hebrew lad explain Pharaohs Pharaoh's dreams so tr truly ly that his his' interpretation was proved ts t true after fourteen years Many students oi the Bible wondered at it and cynics cynics' hive have doubted the entire story At last n l' l twentieth-century twentieth science steps in hl and explains how it was possible for Jos Joseph ph t to interpret these dreams in the tle light of his 1118 knowledge of climatic changes hanges in Egypt Egypti and thereby become the favorite i. i and chief official in Pharaohs Pharaoh's court 1 r The he dreams are detailed in Genesis tt all as follows t And behold there ther came came up out of the river seven well-favored well kine trine and fat- fat f fleshed and they fed fedin in the tho meadow f Arid And behold seven other kine idne came up it t. t rl aft after them out of the river ill favored and I lean-fleshed lean and s stool stood oJ b by the he other kine kiner r 1 upon the brink of the river And the ill ill- favored and lean-fleshed lean kine trine lid eat up c th the seven sevell wel well favored favored and fat k kine ne So Pharaoh awoke And he slept and dreamed th the second cr f time tune and behold seven ears of corn came B up u upon pen one stalk rank and good And 1 behold seven thin ears and blasted with the east wind sprung up after them And Andt t c the seven thin ears cars devoured the seven ra rank k and full fuU ears And Pharaoh awoke 5 an and b behold hold it was a dream None of the court necromancers necromancer or wise 1 t niep mep could int interpret th these thise e dreams when h Pharaoh told them and then it was that o 7 th the chief bu butler er who had been in prison I with Joseph who had interpreted his his dr dream am remembered t the e lad and ands a 6 suggested that he be sent for 1 s When Joseph was brought into court t and and Pharaoh r related his dreams ms Joseph iT said eaid to Pharaoh tt I 3 The e dream of Ph Pharaoh Ph is one God j t hath haPl sheaved Pharaoh what he is 15 about toi to toh h i i do The seven even good kine- kine are seven years k f f. f and the seven good ears are seven sevell years t o r the dream Is one And the seven thin and ill favored kine trine that came up after them are are seven years and the seven sevene 4 f e f t tr r- r empty empt ears ars blasted with the east wind r t t shall be be seven y years ars of famine r. r Be Behold old there come seven y years ears ars of great plenty throughout ut all the land of or Egypt f F and th there re shall shah 1 arise after them seven i t years years-of famine and all the plenty shall be forgotten in to th the land of Egypt t THEN TREN Joseph advised Pharaoh to organize or- or organize J- J of a a. corps men to gather one one- x Z fifth of the crop during the seven yea years ears of plenty and nd store it away for the years year s of famine which were to follow Pharaoh h was as impressed with the truth of the interpretation in interpretation in- in r of his dreams and appointed Joseph to superintend the storing of gaa irti r making him next to himself in power an and d changing his bis name from Joseph to Zaph Zaph- i nath path Revealer of Secrets An And d r 11 the Bible continues the narrative showing g that all happened just as Joseph had sal said d J. J would I J How did Joseph know this know this Was tl there er some special Inspiration or revelation which came to him hini in a miraculous fashion so that that he be co could ld foretell the future That was the explanation explanation coin com commonly given of this r remarkable occurrence occurrence occur occur- rence renee but now s science steps steps' in n with an explanation so plausible that tha it can be accepted by every minded open man and woman In a a. work entitled Weather by Dr E E. E E E. Free and Travis Hoke lately published published pub pub- by McBride the actu actual l explanation tion is offered in the light of the he study of climatic conditions in fu Egypt now and andin andin in hi an ancient times In tillS this book we we read Now Joseph was one of the smartest rt st men that ever lived and it is quite grate p possible pos s- s sible that he seized the opportunity to 10 promote his standing as a prophet by making from Pharaohs Pharaoh's drea i 1 a prediction prediction tion that was almost certain to come trU true Such a smart Emart man must have been observant ob observant observant ob- ob servant and and it is more than likely that he noticed the amount of water in the Nile waxed and wan waned d in gro groups ps of years and thus brought alternate plenty and famine famine to the land of Egypt fit AND f A ND it may be that in predicting a a. year fourteen-year cycle half halt bad an and half halt good he was more accurate than modern modern modern mod mod- ern records would indicate The rise and fall of Central African lakes now show it itIs itis itis is true the shorter eleven or year twelve r cycle but It may well be that In JOS Josephs Joseph's pl 8 day the half cycle of rainfall and drought In ill Africa was really seven years for weather eather cycles seem to change a a. bit from century to century Indeed he may never h have ve said seven A lot of things have ve happened happen d to the transcript transcrIpt transcript tran tran- script of his words in years Seven was wa was and and is is- is isa is-a a so sort t of sacred ac ed mystic number number- and the recorders of biblical l history would be desirous of getting that number into the the archives somehow in order to tie up Josephs Joseph's practical intelligence intelligence intelli intelli- gence with their version of the supernaturaL super super- natural Anyhow there is not too much niu h difference between six and seven and Joseph Joseph Jos Jos- Joseph eph seems to have been the first man to ide Identify a climatic cycle cIrcle and put h his knowledge to use use use-a a better use in fact than any to which modern modem kI knowledge of such things has been put That the weather cycle had anything to do with sun spots Is something Joseph may not h have ve known He ma may not eve eveh even h have ve known that there were such things as sun spots Yet it is not Impossible that he did Chinese astronomers knew of ol them and arid counted them and the priests of of Josephs Joseph's time tune in Egypt were every bitas bit bitas as good at astronomy as the Chinese Ithe If It he knew of sun un spots and watched therise the therise rise and fall of water in the Nile he must have seen the connection for the cycle of sun spots Is not only related to the cycle of African rainfall but Is iden Iden- Both cycles cycle are eleven years long and they begin and end in the same years the r rainfall intall cycle in Egypt and it it i is barely p possible that J Joseph oseph J n of W sT J this thi relation n nand and thus was able to foretell the famine 1 1 y 2 wey i ilp lp I iz g G J Jacobs Jacob a bs b's s dream as paint painted d by s s' s sk k following which J Jacob cob caused the spot where herc he had she slept t to be c called f L l Beth El EJ House of God y Joseph s selling grain grai rain l to his brothers during sr 6 the seven y years ars 4 J of f famine y which Egypt prepared j for after Josephs Joseph's warning warning Painting rainting by be paintings CC c De Da t Brunoe I Dr Dc Free ce might have noted also that Joseph suggests not the taking of oi one one- seventh seventh seventh- of the crop during the full years years' but one-fifth one which would point to the present cycle of eleven years for the com corn complete complete turn of good arid and bad crops cropS' Of cour course e Joseph bar hao been something of of a a a dreamer himself for his brothers had said when they saw him coming Behold this dreamer cometh for they had rebelled at atthe atthe atthe the kind of dreams he told them In ono ana of these he and arid his his' brethren were binding binding binding bind bind- ing sheaves In the field and his hiS' sheaf stood up while theirs bowed down before his ills moon and in another dream m the sun eleven stars representing his father mother and eleven brothers bowed down before a a. a great star Joseph Even his IllS father father Jacob had rebuked him when h he ho told t the e second asking What is this thus dream that thaI thou hast halt dreamed dreamed- Shall Sh I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to to bow bows down ourselves to thee t to the earth And And on ac account of these there on dreams ns of superiority superiority su su- the brothers sold Joseph as a slave to be carried down to Egypt And thus In trying to defeat his ambition they became became- party to the fulfillment fulfillment which was was ryas made re real l after he had interpreted Inter inter- interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh Yet Joseph had the hereditary right to be bea bela a dreamer mer for Ifor his father Jacob had a a. very notable dream when he left home after aUer securing the birthrIght fc which belonged belonged be- be longed to his brother Esau On his llis way to his uncle Laban he rested with stone for his pillow and a In his ladder reaching 5 u up p i to heaven dream 5 with he S angels saw a ascending and des descending ending Then he ha if i V t aw awakes cs and calls caUs the place Beth El EI House Hous e of po God saying God was here and I kne knew w it It not That dreams dreams' were very considered co considered side ed very Im Important important is evident among all the nano nations i of of- antiquity for In Babylonia a Egypt Assyria As Assyria Assyria As- As syria Greece and Rome ome the priests were e most intent upon developing systems d of f interpretation of dreams seeing in the them m portents of events to come and hoping hopin g t to pierce the future by by- reading the visions IN N I HOMER OMER Achilles has a famous dream which arouses 1 him m to action n. n Herodotus relates any number of dreams all o of f which indicate some som future futuro calamity o or r rf triumph from that vision of Croesus o othe or orthe f the death of his belo beloved d son Atys by a pointed weapon to that tha twice repeated dream which came camo to Xer Xerxes es urging urging hi hito him m to make the expedition into Greece which h he did with did with most unfortunate results The ancients believed that dreams were a method o of revelation of the will of or th the e gods and did not hesitate to follow th the e ed advice given hoping that the gods would woul d 1 aid them in hi realizing ng t their ambitious pros pros- But very often they viers v were ere deceived as was was was' the case with Xerxes Josephus the great J Jewish histo historian an re relates relates re- re lates the tale of a dream when Alexander Alexande r the Great was approaching Jerusalem and the people were In abject terror lest he destroy the Holy City Then says Josephus the Jewish high priest had a dream in which which- God appeared t thim to o him telling him to open the gates to Alexander and receive him with great grea t pomp for he would do no harm to the Temple or the he city To the surprise o oi of 1 i his followers Alexander prostrated himself himself him him- self sef before the priest saying when hi his friends expressed their wonder I did not not adore him but that God who hath bath hon honored red l him m with this high priesthood for I saw this very person in a dream in inthis inthis this very habit when I was at Dios in Macedonia who when I was considering how I might obtain the do dominion of Asia AsIl- exhorted me to make no delay but boldly to pass over the sea thither for he would conduct my army and give me the dominion dominion dominion domin domin- ion over the Persians Then Alexander joined in the sacrifices in hi the Temple i j which he spared PLUTARCH tells some incidents indicating indicating 1 t ing the foretelling of Caesars Caesar's death for not only did a a. soothsayer soothsayer forewarn him as to the Ides of March but also when he was supping with Marcus Lepidus Lepidus Lepidus Lepi- Lepi dus on the night before the assassination j the question was raised What kind of death is the best to v Caesar answered answered answered an an- i A sudden one And during the 1 night he saw that his wife Calpurnia was uttering broken words and deep groans in her sleep And when she awoke she told him that she was weeping over him f flying lying murdered in her arms She begged him not to go out that day Even the diviners warned him against going fO forth but being by Decius Deems Brutus Bru Bru- B Brutus U- U he went to the Senate only to meet the death which his wife had foreseen J The misinterpretation of dreams Is ja i quite common among the ancients the dreamer naturally thinking it is favorable to nun him For instance it is told of HamIlcar HamIl- HamIl Hamilcar car car the the Carthaginian when he was be besieging besieging be be- Syracuse th that t in ina a dream he t theard heard a voice saying that he would sup suphi in hi Syracuse the next night That mornIng morning morning morn- morn Ing sedition arose in his own camp the y sans attacked in force and mak mak- ing Hamilcar prisoner he did indeed sup in Syracuse The story is told of Sophocles the great 1 Greek poet and dramatist that when a i massive golden goblet had been stolen r from the Temple of Hercules he saw the a agod g god d Hercules in a a. dream who told him the name of the thief He paid no attention attention attention atten atten- tion at first but when the dream was Wal repeated several times he went to the court of the and laid the matter matter matter mat mat- ter before them The offender was arrested ar arrested arrested ar- ar rested and being tortured confessed and restored the goblet Thenceforward this thin temple was called the Temple of Hercules the Indicator Indicator- The Romans Romans' believed in ill divination so 0 devoutly that even Cicero found it worth worthwhile worthwhile S 'S while to write an an entire book on the subject in which he tells many of the remarkable dreams of his time connecting connecting connecting connect connect- ing them directly with the art of divining the future a Thomas De Dc Quincey the famous British essayist t best known n for his hIs' Confessions of an Opium Eater a anticipated many of th the ideas of modern psychologists when he explained that through his drearr he ho became convinced that there is no such thing as |