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Show iSPJUfi SUFFERS f DUE TO PRIDE AND P0VERTY People Characterized by Illiteracy and Lore of Ease; Birth Rate and Infant In-fant Mortality Both High By PAUL SCOTT MOWRtR Apeil Crrapondnt f Th ' Ivoning World and Chlo9 Daily Nvwa, PARIS, Sept. If In It PocUl and ducAtlcmal orranludon BpaJn la bark ward mora backward avan ' than tha countrtaa of anma of tha la ytrted poplea of tha Balkan and aaattrn Europa. About 10 par cent of tha population la lllltarata and wra lta ljrnoranca wHh mora prlda than a wiaa man hi laarn in. Bohoollnf la rompulaory, but thdjtra ar not onouch arhoola, and what thara ara ara poor. Of acinUfto and technical train In there la a atartltna; deficiency. Tha birth rata la high, but ao la Infant mortality. Indeed, tha wonder won-der la that ao many bub lea aurvlva tha unhygienic condition a and In-Jurloua In-Jurloua auperailtlona to which they ara aubjected by well meaning but unlnatructed mothera. There ara no nuralnr homea. no kinderirar-tena, kinderirar-tena, no day nuraerle. few hoe-pltala. hoe-pltala. In abort, aocloloajlcally, Hnaln la almost m, blank. IDIALf DAMAQINQV Tho principal cauaa of thla backwardneaa aeema to ba tha peculiar pe-culiar peraona.1 Ideala of tha Bpan tarda. Tha maaaea ara lncurloua and do not particularly feel tha need of achoola. They would rather that tha town had a. new and larfer bulliinc than new and la riter grammar school. Moreorer, thera ' la no support for tha Idea that activity and effort ef-fort ara irood In themselves. On tho contrary, these ara re carded, south of the Pyrenees, rather as a necessary evil. Many Spaniards work many work hard for Ion hours but they do ao under pro-teat. pro-teat. They would Ittuch prefer l do nothlna;. All dream of richness and Idleness, but ara more Intent on winnina these luxurlea bv means of government lotteries or political Kraft than by Initiative, patient effort and thrift. Even poor people do nVt wortc If they ran help It. Aa a race tha Spaniards ara hardy and aoher; they eat and drink little: their iiuniwa nr simpw, invir wsnil aro m few. Thus, by reducing their per- V eonal requirements to an Astonish- p Ins; minimum, lare numbers of Spaniards ar able to loiter throujrh life In entlemanly leisure, stttln on benches under trees or at csfes slpplna; plain water, con vers In, day dreamln or communing va-cantTy va-cantTy with tha infinite. NO PftOFCSSION. Tho cenaua shows several million persons ''without profession," most J of them poor. Tha number of un- ' ashamed beggar there la no other kind iB sot at a 00.000. Fpnlards who make money have difficulty In savin it, Thsra la no general potion po-tion of economy. Th tendency la to live from day to day. Ilka a lord, while th money laats. and when It glvea out, then like a ruined lord, atlll to keep up dignified dig-nified pretensions. In this atmosphere at-mosphere of material, moral and Intellectual poverty it la evident that ther could he little Incentive In-centive to social progress. Another contributory factor I th International Isolation tn which Bpaln haa chosen to surround herself. her-self. Bhe Is a world to herself. 8ha haa loot nearly all contact with th western Kttropean clvllisa- ' tlon to which ah properly belongs. Generally pAking. the nation ha been too proud to try to learn from her neighbors, too convinced of her own auperlor originality to borrow Ideaa from abroad, too Indifferent even to car particularly what advance th life of mankind may he Achieving beyond th natlonnt frontiers. Th result la that Bpaln ha carelessly neglected nearly atl th scientific and Intellectual opportunities op-portunities which tha cooperative labor of many savants In other i land would havty placed freely at 4 1 her disposition. |