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Show REVIEWS PROGRESS " MMMELESS Caplaln W. H. G. Bullard, U. S. N., Makes Interesting Report to Naval Institute. ENGLAND THE PIONEER Warships of All Nations Now Equipped; What United States Has Done. WASHINGTON, May 3i. -Captain W. H. (J. Bullard, V. S. N., who Is In charge of the naval radio service, and who has his headquarter under the shadow of (he three great steel masts which form tlie center uf the naval wireless nyhiom nt Arlington, Vu., Kcven miles from YVush-lngtori.( YVush-lngtori.( has Just presented to the Naval institute un Interesting review of the development de-velopment of naval wireless telegraphy. The leaps and bounds of thl:-: development develop-ment aie brought to pointed notice when It Is recalled tliat during the Spanish-Amerh Spanish-Amerh an war such it thing an wireless , telegruphy was untried In the United States navy or any othr navy. Tt was during lNPSt, i in fv after the Spanish- ' American conflict, t ha t tlie British na cy became tlie tlrst of all of the naval powers pow-ers to try the new means of communication communica-tion upon t he t hree wa rships A lexa n-drhi. n-drhi. Curopca and Juno. These ship succeeded in communicating up to a distance dis-tance of seventy-four miles. Today practically every vessel in the United States navy ia equipped with apparatus ap-paratus for this aerial com munica ' ion. a nd it is so successfully operated tha r there is scarcely a point in the seven seas at which the IhkrcM battleships w ould be out of tou.di. tnrouvjh relay, with tne t-irec ureat masts towering over Captain HuMard's headquarter at Arlington. The first trial of wireh-ss on American warships wa-s made late in v.C, dlrectiv after the British ships bd proved us possibilities. The a i mored cruiser New York (now t'ie Saratoga), tlie battleship Massaehm:etf.s and the torp.-do boat Porter Por-ter were the first to be equipped- At about tiie sunie Time the Highland?-.; lU-ht station in New Y"rk harbor was established estab-lished a--- tho first shore btatiun ot tiie naval radio system. Rapid Progress. Wtthln efx year more than thirtv more ships were equipped and seme flftv shor stations established or projected. "Almost every ot'-er vessel in tne navy as then I placed on the llt for wireless equipment. ! and the work ent forwa rd just us fast as possible. The e-herue included both the AUantic and Pacific seaboard. Alaska th Midway islands and remote points. Meanwhile, in the spring of IS "", th naval svsie:n inaugurated what have proved valuable dail- feature? 0f is serv. l--ef lashing th noontin-;e sipnn I. storm warnings and other met;-t'rolog!'.ai obsrr-. vatlons. In U'T-O the development of the wireless wire-less acerieil to warrant the erection of h'.tTh-powered stations at Washington, on the pa.-ific co.Tt. at Hrtwni:, Oiam. Sa - n;oa and the Pnilipr.Jnes. so tnat vV-revpr it micnt be. the L'nited States fle.T woiJlo fit all tin-'f-s ii in commum-ation with Washington. The. success ot li'uc dis-l.tni'e dis-l.tni'e cr. m muni' -a t Jon "us es ta ijiishd dnri:i? 1 '."m'S, when the j-ia waiian is! a rdp vhang'-d rii'-sae-.s with Kdiallon islands, aLd la'er. during the cnjlse of the Atlantic fleet around th world, when messages uTe teeeived acr-'ps Central Cen-tral America ny pensaonla and WashJng-i WashJng-i on. Bv a s'sten: of re'a y the fleet w-as In touch with Washington practically ever- minute during tije trip across the Faeifir. until after New Zealand was reached. At that time, also, the high-powered naval station near here, to be the centra, point or the navy department system, was projected. The station was to have a radius of 3iV'0 miles both by day and night ; to b. capa !:-e of overcoming Interference In-terference from static disturbance?, and to be equipped with apparatus to secure e-Tey of operation. Later developments disclosed that this could not be entirely accomplished as to static disturbances and complete secrecy of communication. Congress Takes Action. Congress for the first time took notice of wireless In the act of June U4, 11 ?0. I which was amended by the act of July ?3. 19U'. The Titanic disaster of April. Un:. riveted the attention of lawmakers anew to the necessity of government con- j trol over radio apparatus and its opera- I tion- Further laws were passed, and the I president proclaimed the Berlin Wireless convention, since succeeded by the Lou- I don Wireless convention. establishing I general rules for wireless as to ships throughout the world. Some of the later extensions of wireless wire-less were the establishment of the station on the ground of the American legation at Pekin. China, for communication between be-tween officials of the United States legation lega-tion and vessels of the Asiatic fleet, and the Panama cana I station. The latter Is to be unusually powerful, with three 60o-foot steel towers for the support of the antennae. Tt is erected half wav across the isthmus near Sam Pablo. The name given to it. TJarien, is tlie name of one of the early explorers of that region. The Mexican trouble led to further extension ex-tension to take the place of Interrupted land lines and for exchanges with the ships. Isebel, Tex., near the mouth of the Rio Grande, was chosen as the central point of operation on tlie Atlantic side, and San Diego on the Pacific side. Naval Shore Stations. There are now forty-eight naval shore stations, those a.t outside points being three along i he Pana ma canal, one at Guantanamo bay. Cuba, one at San Juan, Porto Rico, seven in Alaska and outlying islands, two in the Philippines, one at Hawaii, one at Guam and one at Pekin, China, with other projected stations in Samoa and elsewhere rapidly nearlng completion. The chief work of the naval stations is to keep tne navy department In connection connec-tion with its ships at sea. either by direct or relayed messages. This service extends ex-tends to all bureaus, offices and rlivUlmm of tlie nay department, those in command com-mand of navy yards and stations, and to officers of fleets, divisions and ships. The transmission of time signals has also developed de-veloped to great Importance tor war and merchant, ships to avoid error in the ship's chronometer, etc. Signals from Arlington are sent out every dav in the year, twice a day, at noon 'and "at 10 p. m.. seventy-fifth meridian time. Time signals are now sent out on the Atlantic coast only through the radio stations at Arlington, Key West and New Orleans, i Ou tiie Pacific coast, the time signals are sent to soa through the wireless stations at Mare Island. Eureka and San Dle-o in California, and at North Head, Wash. Storm Warnings. The daily weather reports and storm , warnings are sent from Arlington and Key West a few minutes after the 10 o'clock time signal at night, but Important storm warnings are sent whenever necessary. neces-sary. Warnings of icebergs and derelicts arc sent to sea from the Arlington station sta-tion following the time signal and weather reports. At such times ships are listening listen-ing on the long wave of Arlington. 2300 meters, and their receiving circuits are tuned to receive the ice or derelict report. re-port. Incoming ships are compelled, under un-der the London Safety convention, to report re-port information concerning ice and derelicts; dere-licts; this goes through the hydrographic offices to the Arlington station, and then seaward and to oilier stations. Tli is informa t ion, being of an urgent character icebergs, derelicts, cvclones and typhoons is sent under a "special i signal, called the safety signal, repeated at short Intervals, ten times at fuli power (T. T. T.t. On receiving this all radio pta Hons are required to keep silent in order to let the danger warnings go bruadca-st. More recent developments of the naval wireless work are the fog signals and direction finders, by which the dangers attending fog are overcome, and the location loca-tion a nd direction of ships In reference to shore stations are established; also a rapid development of commercial work by which the general public and the press are allowed to use the wireless equipment aboard warships and at shore sta tions on payment of land and sea charges. These cha rges are regulated under the London convention, and the amounts collected col-lected by naval coast or ship stations are turned into the treasury as miscellaneous j receipts. |