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Show IIS OF SPIES in of mi 1 ' bCe Shows That Phikerton p Knew Every Move oi: j tc Federation. jy CONVENTIONS IF4XD DIRECTED STRIKES 'i jjr Confidential Stenog-ler Stenog-ler of Agency Identifies icomeiits for Defense. I fe,Idaho, July J. "Morris Fried-L Fried-L voting Kussian stenographer, it the employ of the Pinkcrton fit Penvor to write a hook in & published certain corr:spon-'f corr:spon-'f tbc agency that passed ii5 hands, was again today psl figure at the Stcunenberg More than half of the by was occupted in reading to the copies of the documents rirdman took from the Pinker-rff. Pinker-rff. These were chieflv re-Reretaponts re-Reretaponts operating as spies it unious and union men at Crk, Victor. Glubcvillc, Golo-r, Golo-r, Trinidad, and Denver, and i (omplete .surveillance of the Federation of Miners and the fine yVorkers of America, dur-kbor dur-kbor troubles in Colorado in Pinkcrton men sat in the Fcd-MDvention Fcd-MDvention in 1004, reporting jBnpport Oountcr Claim. f the reports or letters that deced h- Friedman and read, to bj Clarence Darrow contained in general references to the I issues of the trial, ,but were a nb3tantiation of the counter ill defense that the Pinker-trconpired Pinker-trconpired for the destruction FTcstcrn Federation of Minors i lives of Its lenders, weeution ottered no opposition ulnrc of Friedman ;s testimony, objection to the introduction at of the documents that the , obtained through him, and icdman was handed over for aimilion it endeavored to as-f as-f Friedman had any more resetters re-setters bearing on the general it' attacked Priori man on the lit he had played the Pinker-jflj. Pinker-jflj. had violated his pledge to tl had stolen the documents produced, b,nt the witness d admit that he had stolen nand would not allow Senator lull him :i "Pinkcrton." lie Itbt it was not stealing to fcnnation that, had to be ob-f ob-f the fraud and deceit of sc-Pe sc-Pe men, and declared that the Wee, which he performed in K It people of the methods of & folly justified anything that, (4one. fe Not Know of Trial. R thai, had he known this foraing up, he would have j"V more letters and reports. I?"3'! pressed him to tell just Ms there were in the Pin-Pff Pin-Pff at Denver bearing di-Itiis di-Itiis case, and while t ho wit-Me wit-Me could not. tell him of any 5 oc lie remembered many Nlca bv Detective Mi-Part-rMch all manner of crimes M the door of the Western f9 of Miners. r interesting witness was 5 Wallace, an attorney of Wtk, who served with the s a private and then as ?at during the strike of 100r.-i'Mitcil 100r.-i'Mitcil $CNt.r:ii i,IgtaU(.cs :is :to show ti. ,ieUl, u( the Pem.htia.hy the mine own- le criminal records of some P" fiK,lera imported bv the rn' 11,1,1 of the working uf pJJtem, recited the circuiu-f"wttl circuiu-f"wttl with the looting of R Mores an.l :i newspaper of. 0rc tl-nt ho saw K. C. Ster-S Ster-S dlivc for the mine own- Z Shl hl tl,c Vic,or L tbp iJfpendcnce station Ppl,c' a organizer for the lratjlm of MinprSi E f. and brought, the trial W r lo great good hu- Kt "St ki,ul f k, Jyh" militia, with nil lIM. .,,rfmstauccs of war I Cl"-itm5 of tho vermin in k' .J"'1 happy release oodmu,, of 10 World f1 the anlitia. ittlll10 ,,ofeilsc Pia today Ki thf- -lu'ccc'(1 in fi,ii1"i-T Piio!rw!l"P8SC'3 exoi) Ila-v' WLt ;r "J the end of tliis Mu. Vx is ,0 reserve those 1 its draft of in-FwPoro in-FwPoro Eight. I1"" I REPORTS OF SPIES FEATURE OF TRIAL I Continued from Page One. I p'i ructions, and tlie St tit e is working nu its rebutial case, so the end of (he trial approaches. Pinkerton Reports in Evidence. With the opening of the. IrJal today, f .Mr. Darrow, for the detWiee. recalled to Hie stand Morris Friedman, the stcnop- I raphor formerly enii)loyed at the Denver I office of the Pinkerton Dctoctlve ayency. Friedman was Introduced by the defense io expose the F'Inkerton methods of dcal-'nc dcal-'nc with the Western Federation of Min-I Min-I crs. I Friedman spent the first half hour of I his stay on the stand this morning In I Hfritlfylnsf many reports from secret op- I eratives which ho says he made "topics I of while in the Pinkerton office. He also H identified Hire" letters said to havo been H wilt ten by .James McParland, superln- I Indeni of th PInkorlons in the West: 1 and the records of several operatives. I Senator Borah, for the Stale, askd II permission to examine the letters signed I bj Air. McParland. but was refused, fl "I havo not decided whether to offer fl these letters officially in evidence." e.x- I plained Mr. Darrow. "and while I do not K want lo appear discourteous, I must de- i cline for the present.." fl The prosecution offered no objection to J ihe introduction of reports of the de- 1 teethes In evidence, and many of them I w'-ro rend to the Jury by Mr. Darrow. U The object in putting them in was to 1 corroborate the testimony of Friedman, I siven last. Saturday, to the effect that the 1 Pinkertons placed spies in the different locals of the Western Federation of Miners Min-ers with Instructions to report daily. The first report read was from operative opera-tive No. 4?. A. G Gratias. It was dated Denver. .lune 2T., 10(M. Gratins was In charge of distributing: relief to the striking strik-ing miners. In his report he said some of the men were asking, if he thought the strike would be aettled soon. "I told them," he wrote, "that I heard-peibi'ig heard-peibi'ig of a settlement or anything that would indicate a Eettlemcnt; that the stiike would last, a long time yet: also that T believed the union would have to give up by next. fall. If we did not win by that time. "Would Cut Down Relief. "Now that the convention Is over. I will again take porsonal chaTge of the relief work and will carry out the Instructions In-structions received from Mr. Cnry (Pinkerton (Pin-kerton manager) about a week ago in regard to cutting down the relief as much as possible, so us to cause dissatisfaction and gel the men against the union. I will put the bin me for not giving tho men more relief as much as I can on W. D. Haywood by saying that. I am carrying carry-ing out hiii Instructions." The next two roports road from operative op-erative No. 4- wore detailed accounts of the proceedings at the Western Fed era- tion of Miners' convention, which he attended at-tended as a delegate. There was nothing noth-ing out of the ordinary In the proceedings proceed-ings and no speeches of an inflammatory character. Mr. Darrow next rend reports from Philander P Ralloy. known as "operative No. 0."' They wore dated from Victor, Colo., during I ho- Cripple Creole atrlke. One of these letters was purely formal, detailing the proceedings of a union meeting. meet-ing. The letters developed nothing against t lie law and order of the district, as having been mentioned by I ho speakers or Interviews with members of the union. Following Bailey's reports come those of an operative named Rainier in Cripple Creek. Raimor declared under date of. September 9, 1003, that the minors claimed tohave all the best of It. but unless there was a break In the MIno Owners'. association the. opcrativo thought their claims were doubtful. Rainier Rai-nier reported that he hoard no radical talk or threats from the miners and that each miner acted as a committee of ono to stop all disputes and disturbances. The soldiers and miners seemed to be growing unite friendly and many of the soldiers expressed sympathy for the strikers. Spies in tlie Coal Fields. To show that the Plnkertons Invaded the coal mining fields of Colorado, where the United Mine Workers of America controlled con-trolled the miners, reports wore read from operative No. 3S, Robert M. Smith. The conventions Smith attended were open to the public, but he reported at length as to the routine proceedings. Mr. .Darrow next read two lengthy reports re-ports from Pinkerton Operative .f. N. Londoner, now assistant superintendent in the Denver of lice. The roports were from Victor, Colo., at the time of the In -dependence depot explosion Juno 6. 1001. Londoner told graphically of tho Intense excitement prevailing in the Cripple Creek district at this time and tho threats made igalnst the union. ".I was made a deputy as Voon as I showed my face," l.ondoner wrote, "and was told to kill any union man or sympathizer sym-pathizer who spoke to me." The operative added that, at the time of his writing there was strong talk of taking the leaders of the unlon'froin the "bull pen" and hanging Ihem. The eiti-zents eiti-zents demanded the resignation of Sheriff Robertson He declined. They got a rope and put a noose about his neck. He was given five minutes In which to decide de-cide Robertson looked at the mob. He then sat down and wrote his resignation. "Boys." he an Id. 'I know you have got the drop on me. and I know you'll hang me If J don't resign." Londoner's reports ncM. told of tho speech made by C. C. Hamlin, secretary of the Mine Owners' association. Hamlin Ham-lin had spoken less than five minutes when the firing began. "There Is no doubt, that an attempt was made lo kill Hamlin." Ivs added, "as one of the bullets grazed his hand." Fired Into Union Hall. The soldiers were called out and some were stationed on house lops. Without a request to surrender they began to fire into union hall and continued untlj a white flag was displayed. Tn union hall several hundred rifles, three barrels of ammunition and a big, supply of provisions pro-visions were found. Altogether eighteen men were killed at Victor. Under dato of June 29, lflCN. Londoner reported from Victor that In a soarch of the union hall he had found the photographs photo-graphs of two non-union men. On the back of each picture wns a cross. "Thin." said Londoner, "I am told is the plan of marking men for death." Just before the luncheon recess was taken Mr. Darrow began to rend from the reports of Opera Uvo A. H. Crane, who wns necrotnry of the Sincltcrmcn'n union at Colorado City and who Is chnrged by the defenso with having done much toward to-ward start Iiijj the strike" which led to all the Cripple Creek disturbances. Crane's reports wens simply detailed statements of his dally movements, his consultations with tho men and his advlco to thorn to hold out and win tho strike- Itocess was ordered until 1:30 p. m. After the recess Mr. Darrow continued to rend from tho reports of the Pinkerton Pinker-ton operatives sent from the mining districts. dis-tricts. In regard to tho roport of ,1. -N Londoner It was shown that, this operative opera-tive wns not employed by the Mine Owners' Own-ers' association, bin was supposedly working against tho militia and with tho proprietors of the Portland mine, which was continuing to employ men and was not disturbed during the strike. After the Independence depot affair Londoner was afraid tho Portland mine might be attacked as a result of the high feeling against tho union. "I wns satlallcd serious trouble would develop In a few hours,'' wroto Londoner, "and. too, J believed the Portland mine would be attacked and tho property destroyed. de-stroyed. 1 therefore boarded tho 7:50 a. m. Short Lino train for Colorado Springs to acquaint the client of tho condition con-dition of affairs." Olaiins of tho DcfenBo. The df.fenso Halms the railroad officials offi-cials knew that the Independence depot was to bo blown up Just prior to the arrival ar-rival of tho 2 RO a. in. train, tho Idea being be-ing not to kill anybody but to hold the affair out as an attempted outrnco on tho part of tho Western Federation of Miners. Min-ers. In this connection Mr. Darrow laid special emphasis on that pnrt of Operative Opera-tive Londoner's report which read: "Tho killed miners w-r blown Into unrocognlr.ablo masses of flesh and bono and when tho crowd behold this sight It moved them to (ears, and t.hc.n drove them into a frenzy of indignation. I talked with a young minor' named Miller, employed at the Shuteou." mine. Ho said he was within a short distance of tho Independence depot, when the explosion occurred, llo claims the K. and C. C. train was running slower than usual, and that the train actually stopped before the explosion and within a few yards of the depot." Mr. Darrow concluded his reading by tho introduction of two letters written bv Mr. McParland and one written to him. The first McParland letter was addressed ad-dressed to George B. Hangs, general superintendent su-perintendent of the agency at New York, and hud to do with Operator Crane, who had been overpaid $50 on an expenso account ac-count whilo working In tho Chicago office. of-fice. Mr. McParland recommended that Crane bo allowed to retain tho extra money In' view of the year's service he rendered at tho smelters In Colorado City and the Indignities he suffered while there. The second letter from McParland was also addressed to Mr. Gangs, and had to do Willi a letter written by J. Edwin Goldwassi-r of tho Hewitt Clinton high school. Now York City, asking for Information In-formation regarding tho condition of affairs af-fairs !n Cripple Creek at the tlmo of tho deiortathms by Gov. Peabody. Mr. McParland recommended I hat the information desired should not be given. Admits Peabody Did Wrong. "While a great deal that was clone by Governor Peabody In the oniorgency which existed In Colorado for a year or moro past is approved by me. by other offlclala of the agency hero and by? many citizens all over the State," wrote Mr. Mcl'arland, "few are willing to admit that all ho did was in accordance with the constitution of iho L'nlted States or tho State of Colorado. "This is a matter that should be threshed out. in tho courts. Tho matter mat-ter should be handled by tho State and not bv the agency. Governor Peabody has always been a good friend of the agency and so was Governor Adams." Cross-examined by Senator Borah, Friedman said lie was born In Russia and came to this country ' 1SSS. Ho went Into Ihe omployment of tho Pink-ertons Pink-ertons in July, 1002, as a stenographer on thc'lOth of July, 1002, at a salary or SIS a week. He remained in this- om-plovment om-plovment until May It. 1005. Friedman said that after the first two or three weeks ho took from dictation 00 per cent of McParland's letters. "When did you begin to gather up these letters for tho purpose of using them?" ... u , "I can't remember, but It was about December. 1002." "Whnl did von make these copies Tor? "I intended to use l.heni at tho proper time and place, which I have done.' "You Intended to use them against the Pinkerton agency?" "Yes." ,,, "You took all you wanted? "I took all I thought Important. "Havo you any that have not boon produced pro-duced here?" , . , "Well. I turned over all I had to Mr. Darrow." . "What newsjaper arc you correspondent correspond-ent for?" , , ,. "The VarhclL of New York. "What were vou doing at the tunc you stole theso letters and reports?" Didn't Regard It as Stealing. "I didn't steal them." 'You didn't steal them?" "No. I considered that I had a right to use them. I considered that the. reports re-ports of the Pinkerton agency, secured as they were, were public property and thnt 1 was simply returning stolen property to the rightful owners." "When did you begin taking these reports, re-ports, then?" . , , "AB soon as I had studied the business or the Plnkertons and found out how they were doing their work." "And you continued to take the Pln-kcrton's Pln-kcrton's money and take their reports for your private use against them in the future?" "Yes." "Now. Mr. Friedman," said Senator Borah Bo-rah pointedly, "I want you to mention any letter or report that you would like to have other than those already produced, pro-duced, and which have a bearing on this case." The witness mentioned a number of letters let-ters that had been dictated to him. Senator Sen-ator Borah pursued this matter very closely and demanded .that the witness give" him all possible moans or identifying identify-ing any letters or papers that might have a caring on the case. "You have published or told us about all the letters or reports of importance that you have?" "I did not publish the letters, but gave their meaning; 1 published the reports In full." "You culled over the agency papers and took all that wore of any Importance?" "No, sir; if I had known of this case there are some other lotteis that I would have taken." "Can you name any letter from any Individual In-dividual that would throw light on this case?" "No. sir." "You said a moment ago that If you had known about this case there were letters that you would have taken. What were those letters?" VI recall one letter that was written to General Superintendent Dangs about conditions in Cripple Creek. To guide you in finding it, I will explain that all Pinkerton letters are written under a ccr-ta.l:i ccr-ta.l:i heading. I would like to have all lellern written fron the Denver agency since October. 1005. In all of them there are comments of McParland blaming tho Western Federation of Miners for all murders mur-ders and atrocities that wore committed. This comment ran through all his letters." let-ters." Oould Have Taken 'others. "Have you any letter touching tho matter of the Independence station explosion ex-plosion which you have not Introduced?" "No, sir," "Have you any letter tduching the death of Lyte Gregory that has not been introduced in-troduced here?" "No, sir. The agency did not handle that matter." "Were there r.ny other letters touching the Vindicator explosion?"' "Yes, t-'ir. There were several let lets on that subject." "Have you not. as a matter of fact, given us all the letters that you have that touch on the particular matters under inquiry in-quiry at this trial?" "Yes, sir." When Pinkortons Failed. "Was the Mine Owners' association a client of the Pinkerton Detective agency 1n r.ius?" demanded Senator Borah. . 1 "Not as an association," replied. Fried- J man. "Tho agency tried to get them, but could not." "Wns the association a client In 1001?" "I don't believe they were." "Was the aenoclatlon a. cllpnt in 1005?" "To the best of my knowledge, It was not'' On redirect examination Friedman said the agency had Individual clients among the Cripple Creek mine ownors in the years 1003, 1004 and 100R. The next witness for the defense, P. A. Bells, presented himself In his shirt Blooves. "Is ttaoro any rule against this, your honor?" Inquired Mr. Darrow of Judge Vvrood. "No; ho can go ahead," replied tho court. Botts aald ho. was a miner In Cripple Creek, was put In the bull pen two daya bofore Thanksgiving, 1003, and mot there a man nnmed Floyd Thompson. ' "Did he hold any office In th6 Minn Owuora' association?" "I understood " Tho witness said ho did not know of his personal knowledge, and was not allowed al-lowed to teotlfy on this question. Belts said no heard Thompson say one day, "We'll blow up those when we get out. of here." On cross-exnmlnntion the witness said ho did not know "which " tho man referred to. Mr. Darrow said another witness would show that Thompson was made secretary of the Mine Ownersassoclatlon after his release from the bull pen. , Former Soldier on Stand. .Tames L. Wnllano, an uttornoy of Cripple Crip-ple Crbek, who served In tho Colorado militia during the Colorado labor troubles, first as a private and later a first lieutenant, lieu-tenant, was the next called to the stand. Wallace told tho names of a number of the ofllcors of the Mine Owners' association, associa-tion, who were also offlcors of the militia' and took leading places in tho citizens' alliances. The militia headquarters adjoined ad-joined Ihe Mine Owners' association, and the military trials wero held in tho samo building. When the militia ' was first called but. "Wallace declared, there had been no disturbances In the district. Wallace told of the working of tho card system by the Mine Owners' association. After tho strike these cards, permitting men lo go back to work, were Issued only to tho minors who renounced allegiance to the Western Federation of Miners. He also told of orders Issued by tho militia instructing tho merchaiiLs, grocers, etc.. for the district not to soil any goods to the members or families of members of the Western Federation of Miners. This was after tho Federation stores had been demolished. Wallace snld ho often saw Floyd Thompson at the offices of the Mino Ownera' association and knew that he was either secretary or assistant ,ecrctnry. "Did you see Kid Waters and other union men at militia headquarters and tho ofllces of tho Mine Owners' association." associa-tion." "Yes. sir." The witness mentioned anmn of tho nnmoK of the union men, among them Bill "Warford. "What became of him?" "He killed a man and Is now serving a sentcneo for life and thirteen years." "Which (sentence Ik ho sorvlng firs I?" asked Darrow amid laughter. "I don't know," Others whom Wnllaco saw wore Tnin Brown, recently convicted of murder, but not sentenced; .Tack Bowman, who wan killed; the "ICInloy ICId." Will Coper and "Shorty" Vll)nni8. These men wero always al-ways heavily armd, and prior to thir coming Into tho district overythlnp was peaceful. Detectivo Fired First Shot. Wallace hero created a nodded aensa-tion aensa-tion by .swearing that he saw K. C. Sterling, Ster-ling, tho chief detective for the Allno Owners' association, fire tho Jlrat shot which started the riots at Victor, Colo., tho day of. tho Independence depot explosion. explo-sion. The wUnesR i;ald ho waw thou summoned sum-moned to the armory for military duty. JTo described the method oinploycd by tho militia to compel the union miners to lake out working cards from tho MIno Owners' association bofore they were allowed lo work in any of the "fair" mines.. Wnllaco Wnl-laco told of the deportation of a number of lawyers and friends of the Western Federation of Miners from Crlpplo Creek and the looting of the union storo and union hall by the militia. Senator Borah rroFS-oxa mined Wallace Ho said that prior to the calling out if the militia several tralnloads of nonunion miners wore brought In and that as the owners wero endeavoring to work Iho mines with nonunion labor there was ?omo evidence of feeling and threats wero mado. Wallaco aald he had never heard Governor Gov-ernor Sleuncnberg's namo mentioned in connection with the Mine Owners' permit systorn Inaugurated In Colorado, or tho statement that It wa3 a. system Invented by Governor Sleunenhorg during the Coeur d'AIne troubles In Idaho. "Where was TC. C. Sterling when ho fired tho shot at Victor?" asked Senator Borah. "Just south of the military club." "How far were you from him?" "About ISO feet." Wallace said Sterling came out of the-crowd the-crowd and fired one shot pointblank Into a billboard fenco. He fired but. one shot. Did Not Sec tho Riot. "How soon did the riot firing begin after this?" "I didn't hear any at all. 1 was summoned sum-moned for duty and was hurried away to the K Paso mine. When we got back the Victor riot was over." t "You heard no shots Immediately following fol-lowing the one fired hy Sterling?" "No, sir." "And It wa.s ton or flftocn minutes before be-fore you left the scene?" "Yes, sir." Wallace said the Citizens' alliance was composed of merchants, business men, some mine owners and a majority of the nonunion minors. "What proportion of tho nlllanco did tho mine owners form?" "Less than one-fourth." , On redirect examination Attorney Darrow Dar-row asked: "Isn't the business of Iho whole Crlpplo Croek district dependent upon tho mines?" - "Yes, sir." "There's nothing else there?" ''i'n, sir." Tho last wltnosp of tho day was M. E. White, an organizer of tho Western Federation Fed-eration of Minors among the coal miners of Colorado. TV'hllo told of an experience h; had in Cripple Creek when he went there In December. l!tt)3, In ihe Interest of tho American Labor union. When ho reached Crlpplo Creek ho was immediately immedi-ately taken In charge by the militlu and marched off to a bull pen a plank building. build-ing. White fairly convulsed tho court by his description of conditions in the bull pen. Ho declared thcro were ten or fifteen soldiers sol-diers In the placo when ho arrived. They wore in for drunkenness, petty larceny and other ciimca. White said the place was alive with vermin. The soldier prisoners pris-oners hold a kangaroo court over him, and at ono time during tho night bulletn whistled through the top of tho building. "The next morning I was taken out and Introduced to the day shift." declared White "They wero calling out orders Just lllce it was wartime. Olio was. 'Take tho prisoner to breakfast. c7o. 121.' " You were the only prisoner besides the soldiers?" "Yes, sir, and a cripple at that." The sainn day "While was taken before a major and released. "Tho major was a fellow Woodman of the World," said While, "und no man can enter that unless ho is a desirable and good citizen. The major told me I could do no gool thcro and had bettor lake tho 1 o'clock Short Line train. 1 did it. too." White said ho complained of conditions at the bull pen, and tho major ordered the military doctor to lake tho mljilary prisoners out, "boll 'cm and boll their clothes, then burn tit; pen and build a new one." "Was it built?" asked Senator Borah. "I think It was." "That's all." Court adjourned until tomorrow at 0:30 a. m. |
