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Show ,i J - , . i j Page Two " FRIDAY, MAY 5, 1961 THE SALT LAKE TIMES I; The White House is studying many ironic similarities between i the Cuban and Algerian crises. There may be lessons for the U.S. in both. Both debacles were described as ill fated military adventures. The rightist French generals' re-- i bellion against President Charles j DeGaulle, like the Cuban exiles j invasion against Castro, threat- - j ened the central government for a time and posed the threat of world war, then just as quickly ( turned into a tragic fiasco that strengthened rather than weak-ened both Castro and DeGaulle. Their victories gave both an op-portunity to move against their foes. The attempt to topple Castro failed with defeat of a sea borne invasion, while the rightist re-volt against DeGaulle collapsed following failure of a threatened rebel paratroop invasion of the country of France. Both Castro , Throughout the Algerian strug-gle, DeGaulle, while seeking a peace with the Muslim rebels has asserted a right to act indepen-dently despite US, NATO, UN, and Afro-Asian-Lat- in protests, and Communist war therats. President Kennedy has now declared that he is as deter-mined to rid Cuba of Commu-nism "regardless of the peril," just as DeGaulle is determined to maintain close ties to a non-Commun- ist Algeria, even if Al-geria becomes independent. "Re-gardless of the peril, DeGaulle said recently, France is deter-mined to prevent Algeria from slipping into the Communist bloc. All of this offers a lesson for the U.S. The same determination better use of guerilla warfare and greater effort to win broad base peasant support for its poli-cies, could insure success for American foreign policy in Cuba and DeGaulle cancelled commer-cial airline service during their crises, cutting both countries off from the outside world until the crises ended. Just as the anti Castro rebels refrained from air bombing the city of Havana because they feared such bombings would unite the Cuban people behind Castro, the French rebels re-frained from threatened air bombings of mainland France, because they knew bombings would turn the people against them. In both cases, the real hope for the success of the' Cuban exiles' attempt overthrow Castro, as in the French Army General's re-volt, was that the civilian popu-lace would rise up and support the rebels. Castro, despite Soviet arms, . terrorism, mass arrests and se-cret police, has shown strong, undeniable support among the Cuban peasantry and working classes just as the aloof DeGaulle call to the French masses to aid him shows his real power is in the people's support, as he has claimed. The White House, defying crit- - or wherever else it is put to the test. Castro, who has purged the Cuban army of ex-Bati- sta unre-liable- s. nowcounts heavily on his trained citizens' militia in any showdown, just as DeGaulle in purging his army of unreliables, armed a civilian militia in pre-paring to meet the rightist inva-sion threat. In Cuba. Castro has long been challenged to hold truly free elections. The invasion debacle may now give him further ex-cuse to delay elections or to stage rigged elections. DeGaulle having crushed his rightist foes, may now feel freer to hold new elections in France and Algeria to broaden his support in Par-liament. DeGaulle's rally of the French people against he insurgents via TV, showed the power of TV to inform. Castro's frequent use of TV shows its power to misinform and oppress. Both Castro and DeGaulle are dictators, though DeGaulle's dictatorial power is constitutional, defined and re-strained, while Castro's brutal dictatorship is not. Neither Cuba nor France have an Anglo Saxon legal political tradition, But De- Gaulle seeks political stability, while Castro does not. Castro seeks to rally the worst in the Cuban people, while De- Gaulle is trying to rally the best that is France, While Castro im-poses military rule on his people, DeGaulle, despite his military background, has opposed mili-tarism and has now conquered his militarist rivals. At the same time the French generals have fallen into ill re-pute as a result of their Algerian insurrection. Castro is militariz-ing Cuba and threatening ag-gression, while DeGaulle's con-stant goal has been peace in Al-geria, much to the French ex-tremists' chagrin. There were many similarities in the U. S. role during both the Cuban exiles' invasion and the French army revolt. President Kennedy has been personally and politically . in-volved since his celebrated Sen-ate Speech in 1957 declaring sympathy for Algerian indepen-dence, and his campaign pledge that he would back a Cuban ex-iles' ouster of Castro. icism, dropped any pretense ol a "hand off" policy in Cuba, just as the President proclaimed an official pro-DeGaul- le policy in the French extremist revolt over Algeria, and even offered mili-tary and naval assistance if he asked. DeGaulle quickly brought the French rebel generals to heel by imposing the same tight eco-nomic blockade of Algeria the U.S. is being urged to impose against Castro". Both the Cuban and Algerian crises caused a constructive re-view of the U.S. Central Intelli-gence Agency, with long sought after improvements in CIA op-erations expected to result. The Cuban exiles sought quick victory via sea borne invasion, although victory is more likely to come from the same slow gue-rilla warfare Castro employed to defeat Batista. President Ken-nedy, realizing this, has named retired U.S. Army Chief of Staff Gen. Maxwell Taylor to update U.S. guerilla warfare techniques for just such brush fire war areas as Cuba and Laos. The U.S. could also do worse than study . the success of the brush warfare 100,000 Muslim guerillas have been employing against the might of the French army in Algeria. The U.S., realizing that a .di-rect threat of aggression and a basic issue of security is involved in Cuba, is now adopting the same "go ilt alone policy against Castro that DeGaulle has been criticized for in Algeria. I Utah Ranks Third In Govt. Employment Utah ranks first in the conti-nental United States and third among the fifty states in the per-centage of its population em-ployed by governmental units (federal, state and local). The only states ranking higher than Utah in this ratio are the new states of Alaska and Hawaii. The facts were presented in a recent ' analysis by the Utah Foundation of data released by the government division of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The Foundation report shows that there were 634 government employees per 10,000 population in Utah, a rate nearly 50 per cent higher than the national average of 434 government employees per 100,000 population. Stated differently, more than 6.3 per cent of Utah's total population was employed by some govern-mental unit, compared with an average rate of 4.3 per cent for the nation as a whole. A major factor accounting for the high rate of government em-ployment in Utah. is the relative- - ly large number of federal em-ployees in the state. Federal em-ployment in Utah was equal to 297 per 10,000 population, high-est rate among the states on the mainland and third highest rate in the entire nation. Federal employment in the U. S. was equal ot 124 per 10,000 popula-tion. Foundation analysts note that Utah also ranks high in the pro-portion of its population em-ployed by state and local units of government. During October, 1960, the full time equivalent state and local employment in Utah was. equal to 337 per 10,-00- 0 population, compared with an average of 311 per 10,000. More than half of Utah's total state and local government em-ployment was for education. In Utah, there were 194 state and local education employees per 10,000 population, a rate nearly 40 per cent above the U.S. aver-age of 141 education employees per 10,000 population. This is a reflection of Utah's relatively high college and public school enrollment compared with other states. The report also observes that in addition to education Utah ranks above the national average in public employment for high-ways and natural resources, but is below the U. S. average for welfare, health and hospitals, sanitation and most other local functions, such as police and fire protection. The study shows that there were 63,147 persons working for some unit of government in Utah during October, 1960. Of this number 26,442 - were employed by the federal government (civil-ion- s only), 12,161 were for working the state and 25,544 were em-ployed by local units including local schools. Peterson Observes Law Day in Supreme Court Rep. M. Blaine Peterson of Utah observed Law Day, U.S.A., at the United States Supreme Court, where he was admitted to practice. Mr. Peterson described the ex-perience as "profound but thrill-ing in an awe inspiring manifes-tation of dignity, knowledge and decorum." Senator Frank E. Moss, who moved Mr. Peterson's admission, said, "Blaine is eminently well qualified to practice before the nation's highest court both as a distinguished member of the bar and as a member of the Judiciary committee of the House of Rep-resentatives." The men originally came to Washington together in search of a legal education and, on gradu-ation, returned to Utah to become law clerks to the State Supreme Court. A 1938 graduate of George- town Law School, Mr. Peterson first filled a 2 year mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-da- y Saints in Germany II before serving as law clerk for II two years to Justice Eugene E. II Pratt of the Utah State Supreme I Court. He entered private prac- - I tice in 1941, was a member of I the state Legislature in 1955 and I a member of the Utah State Leg- - I islative Council. The Congress- - II man is a member of the Weber I County, Utah State, District of I Columbia and the American Bar 1 Association. I MUN I MORE ON K-AAO-RE Where H's t i D j All the Time THE NEW . kaaur 1230 On Every Radio Mew 0CDM Director to Lead Test; Plan 'Biggest Ever' Conelrad Drill Operation Alert 1961, the eighth annual civil defense training I exercise for improving the Nation's nonmilitary defense, will be I held from April 26 to 30. I Nationwide survival and recovery actions to deal with "enemy I attack" will be tested under the leadership of Frank B. Ellis, new I Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization. I Director Ellis revealed that this year's Conelrad Radio I Alert drill, scheduled for 30 minutes starting at 4 p.m. (EST) I on April 28, will be "the biggest emergency broadcast exercise I ever observed on the North American continent." I All television and radio broadcast stations will leave the air. I Radio broadcast stations authorized for Conelrad programming will I return to the air almost immediately to carry messages from Fed- - I eral, State and local officials stressing public preparedness against I attack. 4 I RADIO NETS participating on e voluntary basis will include I those of police and fire departments, highway departments, rail- - I roads, taxis, industries, amateurs and conservation departments. I Aviation and marine radios and international radio message ser-- I vices will be the only major transmitters exempted from the drill I by the Federal Communications Commission. I j The OCDM Director stressed that this annual exercise has no I connection with current world conditions, but added: I "It is the firm intention of OCDM, under the direction of I President Kennedy, to bring home to the American people their I spiritual obligation to prepare for survival and to aid in the I survival of others. Operation Alert 1961 should assume a new dimension in our thinking. It is more than a training exercise " for preparing the civilian population for self-protecti- ve meas- ures during emergencies. It is a challenge to all of us to sup- port the peace-preservi- ng efforts of the President by demon-strating that we are strengthening our home front. The Alert exercise will begin April 26 with two days of in- creased readiness buildup, leading on April 28 to a mock enemy at-tack, Conelrad drill, simulated warning of attack and the sound-ing of public sirens in many areas. Traffic will be halted briefly and people in some States will be directed to take cover Key per- sonnel in some State governments will move to emergency reloca- tion sites. Many industrial firms will conduct their own disaster preparedness drills. INGROWN NAIL I TS4 I HURTING YOU? CTflTIl Immediate A few drops of OUTGRO bring blessed jf from tomentln pain f Ingrown nail. OUTGRO toughens the skin underneath the nail, allows the nail to be cat and thus pre- vents further pain and discomfort. OUTGRO Is available at all drug counters. |