Show SHOW TO PROVIDE FOR OLD AGE f By su Miles M. M Dawson 6 V Private Provision for Old Age in the United States f HE most Important private proVision provision provi pro pro- I J vi Vision In t the he United States for tor the 1 dependent old Is tho the support supplied sup sup- plied lied fed b by relatives As has already been een teen Investigation has shown that In Massachusetts a of ot the as non dependent poor poor per cent of ot ote e support of ot the Individual males t ornes omes from relatives 57 per cent of h hat t of Individual females 29 9 per cent bf f the support of aged couples and ler er cent of ot the support of aged couples th others dependent upon them tx-o tx a doubt this applies though In different dif dlf event ferent degrees throughout the country d it t Is safe sate to sa say that nearly nearl or t Suite halt half the provision for tor the aged who arc are not cared for by public br 1 ti private charity Is afforded b by rela rein relatives tives Iv As the number of ot persons sixty sixty- Five lye Ive years vears of ago and over In n Massa Massa- was given as ns and 88 were classed as non dependent half ne-half the provision for tor these would e a little less than 40 per cent of ot tho the revision provision for all 1 if afforded upon the theme theother ame me ley other important private provisions For t. t or the dependent old have been dev develd devel- devel l- l ped d In the United States as follows Hz lz iz Labor Lobor Or Help Through labor organizations The These e to the report of ot th the commissioner commis commis- 4 loner of ot labor of ot 1908 1908 paid In super super- benefits in n one ear rear and in permanent disability bene- bene its u 15 a part of ot which no doubt was for tor age disability 68 The super super- benefits were wore YeT very low For Instance 7 H per month between sixty sixty- ive lOe and seventy se 8 58 per month between twenty vent venty and and eighty eight and nd 10 per month ti e ond the age of ot el eighty in the Cigar Cigar- akers' akers International union 12 13 per beyond the ago of ot sixty and 16 er month beyond th the tha a age e of ot sixty five In U n the International Jewelry Workers lot ot of to exceed 20 0 per month in Inthe the Brotherhood of Locomotive En Engineers FlO 10 per month for tor not more moro than six months In an any one year car after reaching the lie age of ot two sixty two In the Granite utters utters' International association 4 Jer er week In the International Typo Typo- union for dependent members the a age e of ot sixty t Some notion of the total relief relle Is af- af lorded b by the following total payments one years year ear Brotherhood of Loco Loco- f Engineers International Typographical union The Fraternal Benefits The fraternal beneficiary associations Ions lors do something In supplying In n event of total and permanent dis dis- ability By the thc laws of the varl various us bites tates old ago benefits must not com com- ence before tho the age e of ot seventy They ire re usually for tenth one the amount jf f tho the certificate each year oar to for l' l ten ears ears As Is well welt said b by Mr rr Squier Measured b by actual standards man many f these societies in the past have op operated oil oil- 4 rated on rates which were Inadequate yen aven for tor death benefits f The rhe tendency as these societies got get et ver on sound plans and with adequate rates ales Is to reduce or abolish these benefits ben ben- tits fits rather than to make tho the vcr very considerable con con- addition to their rates which would be necessary Few of or the young nd and active set pet ct a sufficiently hl high h value alue upon this old a age e provision In conse- conse luence Its attraction does not to their offset a n. material Increase In n thet tho the t f or lif i I. I ranee or AU acs LV U 1 R o Railways K P PO- PO Pensions Pension i Several Se of ot tho the great reat transportation companies have made provision for re retiring re- re if tiring Iring employees upon pensions usual- usual 1 y at tho thoa a age e of sixty five or seventy I ut at a younger age usually not uner uner uner un- un er sixty upon proof of total and per per- anent disability The Baltimore hlo railroad was the pioneer Intro Intro- icing this a system stem In 1884 In the car ending June 30 1910 It paid In pensions to pensioners he Chicago O Northwestern Penn- Penn Illinois Central Delaware Western Philadelphia Reading Southern Pacific Atlantic Coast Line Atchison on Topeka Santa SantaFe SantaFe SantaFe Fe Chicago Rock Island Pacific Now New York Central Hudson River Sault Ste. Ste Marie New ew York Fork New Haven Hartford and other companies companies' have companies have 1 since adopted pension systems of or a ai I i similar type J i Tho Pennsylvania is now paying In pensions about a year ear this being being be- be ing much tho the Jar largest est a aggregate for a single company The New York Central Central Cen Cen- has provided that If the total of ot the pensions as fixed exceeds per annum num a new basis ma may be r. r c Several el electric ral ways have hao also Introduced service pensions nong among l which may bo be mentioned the Boston Doston I Elevated Railway company compan Denver City Tramway company compan Brooklyn Rapid Transit company Philadelphia Rapid Transit company compan Public Service corporation of ot New Jersey Jerse- and United Traction and Electric company compan of ot Providence R. R I I. I The aggregate ate amount of ot pensions paid by these each year year ear at the present time is small More recently Industrial companies have introduced pension systems Among these ma may be mentioned the American express company compan Armour company Boston Consolidated Gas company Cambria Steel company Consolidated Consolidated Con Con- Gas Company of ot Now York Fork Deere Cd of Moline Ill E. E i I. I I DU Pont de dc Nemours Powder compan company com com- pan pany Gorham Manufacturing compan company com com- pan pany Hafford Spencer Bartlett Co international Harvester company Morrison Morrison Mor Mor- rison Swift company compan of Chicago Philadelphia Phila Phila- delphia delphin Electric company compan Pittsburgh Coal company compan Proctor Gamble Co Standard Oil company compan United CI Cigar ar Stores company compan Wells Fargo Co Western estern El Electric company compan Westinghouse house Air Brake company compan First National National Na Na- bank of Chicago and the United States Steel corporation acting jointly joint joint- J ly with Mr Corne Carnegie le through h the pension pension pen pen- sion fund established by him Total Not ot ot More Than 9 Nearly all these plans plan are aro now and tho the amount which Is paid d out In pensions pensions pen pen- b by all of ot the Industrial corporations corporations corpora corpora- granting the same cannot be stated with an any approach to accuracy Undoubtedly It t Is already very considerable considerable consid consid- erable and will be larger and larger as the years pass Probably however tho the total amount of or relief furnished annually annual through these agencies is at the present time not more than and while the aggregate will bo be much higher after aHer some years eara It will necessarily be relief for tor but a 0 small part purt of ot tho total number of ot the aged ared poor 7 Th The Tha service pension s systems stems of or the transportation and Industrial corporations corporations corpora corpora- give such relief only to tho the relatively relatively relatively rela rela- limited number of persons who remain continuously In their service for Jor lon long terms of ot years cars and reach the retirement ago while still In the a sen rv- rv ice This excludes excludes thu tho much larger number who were employed for tor spurt perlo periods s. s The amount of or pension being dependent upon the term of ot service tho the employee often otten goes upon tho the pension pension pension pen pen- sion roll for tor an entirely Inadequate his services to his last employer employer em em- being for tor instance the minimum minimum minimum mini mini- mum period of ot twenty years which may call for tor a pension of ot but one-fifth one of at his wage Undoubtedly trade unions and fraternal fraternal fra fra- beneficiary societies can cnn and In time will do more to relieve the aged poor among their members tho the former In n most cases eases b by charitable hid aId supplied supplied supplied sup sup- plied b by current assessments and the tho latter sometimes in that manner and sometimes by a a. system of ot old age ago annuities annuities an nn- nul ties in connection with life liCe ance The latter may some day become become become be be- come much more popular than at present present pres pres- ent nt but at Its hl highest hest cJ development It t is likely as has proved true In Great Britain to be utterly Insufficient as asa asa asa a general and complete solution of ot the problem |