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Show I . THE PROGRESSIVE OPINION National Service Act Is Answer to War Disputes Too Many Cooks' Root of Labor Disputes; Pressure Groups, Individuals Unwilling To Lay Aside Financial Desires. By BAUKHAGE NewM Analyst and Commentator. (FND Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. Why did the President order the trmy to take over the railroads? You can get seven reasons from leven different presidential advisors. I won't repeat them. I will name hree. First, the epitome of those the minded probably gave; it Hiil be a good thing for 1944. That s the sum total of a number of con-tusions of the master minds who ire advising concerning the political tampaign which is ahead of us. There are two other reasons which lome of the officials n Washington offer (aside from the hreat, real or fancied, to the war ef-fort). These officials let the political itream flow over them. They are nore Interested In getting the par-licul-job assigned to them done han figuring out its political effects, heedless to say, they belong to that arge, conscientious army which nost people outside of Washington target exists, an army of people vise or unwise in their judgments ut beholden to no political party tor their positions. These are the two probable rea-lon- s they offered; first: The roads were seized as a threat igainst other industrialists who night make trouble in accepting erms of future labor wage deci-lion-such demands for increases vhich can't be easily dodged (per-lap- s just demands, perhaps not, lepending on who holds the scales). The second reason offered is this: Simply because many of the Pres-dent- 's present labor advisors have lad little or no experience in labor elations, in the methods of labor eaders. And so finally, the man with the long cigarette holder, just back from the world battlefronts where wasn't the argument, but was, where world maps were being where America's at-titude and action was about to re-write history, became a little im-patient. The Action Date "We have come to the action date," said the President, "we have been talking here since Sunday. If you can't take action by agreement, I will have to take action by my-self." He took it and he took the rail-roads. To say that Washington was hot surprised would be to misjudge Washington. The root of the whole trouble In this and all the labor disputes has been that there were too many cooks. The trouble with the confus-ing statements which come out of Washington is that there are too many cooks. And yet, we have that paradox that when there are too many people handling war prob-lems, the only cure so far has been to substitute too few to pass the buck to one man the President. The answer to that is that one man simply cannot do it all. The war is too far away from us. We cannot lay aside our personal and natural desire to make as much money out of it as the next fellow. This has gone on from the begin-ningemployer, making his profits, essential labor demanding and get-ting his high wages, the farmer, his incentive, and then those who fol-low after, shouting, "you did it for them, do it for me!" Not one group is blameless, only those who have been unable to bring pressure, hesitated to do so. And, for the most part, each group sin-cerely believing that it was getting no more than its just due, the rest were the prorferxs. the chiselers. The (Solution? At this writing, a National Service Act that will order who does what and for how much just as it is in the army. Misunderstanding There are a number of signs which night point to reason one as the one phich turned the scales, but, like nost of the other motivating forces n many of the recent labor deci-aon- s, they spring from the same oil as does reason two: misunder-rtandin- g of the methods of labor eaders. ! You will recall that William reen, A. F. of L. chieftain, when te made what since seems to have leen an attack on the ttarshall statement that threats of itrikes might prolong the war, stat-i- d flatly that the railroad unions had tever intended to strike. That statement isn't questioned In pite of the angry denials of the ailroad union leaders. It is what 'ou heard in every railroad office rom every old time councilor and idvisor in Washington before the oads were taken over. Unfortunately, the whole situation reminiscent of the conversation loncerning the dog. The dog rowled. The owner said, "Don't te frightened, I know he won't bite I rou." "But," replied his friend, 'does the dog know it?" i You see the friend had no under-- itanding of dogs, If you had slipped into the White louse on a certain day not long lefore the deadline for the strike tall of the recalcitrant un- - ons (enginemen and firemen, and ' onductors) had been reached, you oo might have been alarmed. The inion representatives (I am told) fere making a noise very much like i dog that is going to bite. Now the old timers were used to he noise. But the two gentlemen ipon whom the President leans for J idvice In matters of stabilization 1 nvolving wage and price boosts, Jessrs. Byrnes and Vinson, were at accustomed to the sound. They lid not know that a labor leader's ark is often worse than his bite. ' ("There never was the faintest lossibility of an actual walkout on he nation's railroads." William reen.) Messrs. Byrnes and Vinson what they heard and it was Jenty. That experience, I think I can ay, is authentic. The labor lead-t- s emphatically and enthusiastical-- p threatened, Messrs. Vinson and iyrnes took the warning growl for i real threat. Others of the Presi-ent- 's council were convinced that nere was excuse enough to do omething which they thought would e advantageous for political rea-on- s. An Abiding Peace Common Sense Treatment Books on the postwar world can almost be described as the only commodity of which there is now surplus production, but this is one "Towards an Abiding Peace" that can be taken seriously. R. M. Mac-Ive- r, professor in Columbia univer-sity, for one thing writes a clear, simple unprofessorial language, lay-ing what he means directly and with-out qualifications. He is for a world order but is too practical to believe you can have it by just writing a world constitu-tion. He wants a temporary peace which in a way carries on from the war alliance, and then a second stage in which we move to real in-ternational control. Furthermore, he thinks that sooner or later our present enemies must be taken in unless we are going to let the third World war slowly fester. An international order is an inter-national order to Mr. Maclven There are no weasel words. Mr. Maclver has worked out his plans in some detail. There is a lot of common sense in "Towards an Abiding Peace" on a subject on which a good deal of pretentious philosophizing is being done. Bond-Sellin- g Plan Rep. Richard P. Gale of Minne-sota has a plan for increasing bond sales to individual citizens the sales which it is most important to make. He thinks it is a cheap and easy way for the government to increase sales and interest in sales on the part of the average man. Senator Guffey offered a similar plan. Periodically, at intervals not greater than three months, he would have the treasury make a drawing. And the person holding the winning number he would be a bondholder, of course, would get a prize of from a hundred to 25 thousand dollars. It wouldn't be a lottery because nobody could lose you would have your bond for the money you invest-ed and your bond would be your ticket. coin, your name and address pattern number. ni the Due to an unusually large dem current war conditions, alightlv n,""1 '"4 is required in filling orders forT? lto the most popular pattern number. Send your order to- - HOME NEEDLEWORK 530 South Wells St. 5637 OF COURSE having guests to-day means that you'll have to be lucky to have enough red points to feed them but you don't need any points at all to have these seven handsome designs to em-broider on your guest towels! Do the lovely cross stitch in your spare time in the afternoons while you are mentally planning the next day's menus. Each de-sign is about 4 by 5 inches. To obtain seven transfer designs for the Lucky Seven Towels (Pattern No. 5637) color chart for working, send 16 cents in Don't Just Ignore a cold! They'n treacherous tricky. Rett avoid e-xposure. And for prompt, decisive relief from usual cold miseries, take Grove's Cold Tablets. They contain eight active ingredients a multiple medicine. Work on all these symp. toms of a cold at the same time . . . headache body aches fever nasal stuffiness. Take Grove's Cold Tablet! exactly as directed. Accept no aub stitutes. Get Grove's Cold Tablets for fifty years known to millions a "Bromo Quinine" Cold Tablets. Save Money Get Large Economy Sizt HARSH LAXATIVES UNNECESSARY? Millions Find Simple Fresh Fruit Drink Gives Them All the Laxative Aid They Need Don't form the habit of depen-ding on harsh, griping laxatives until you've tried this easy, healt-hful way millions now use to keep regular. It's fresh lemon juice and water taken first thing in the morning-j- ust as soon as you get up. The juice of one Sunkist Lemon in a glass of water. Taken thu3, on an empty stomach, it stimulates normal bowel action, day after day, for most people. And lemons are actively good for you. They're among the richest sources of Vitamin C, which co-mbats fatigue, helps resist colds and infections. They supply vitamins Bi and P, aid digestion and help alkalinize the system. Try this grand wake-n- p drink 10 mornings. See if it doesn't help youl Use California Sunkist Lemons. , f Just 2 drops Penetro p. Nose Drops in each V nostril help you breathe freer almost V DnDlnklll instantly, so your I ynuriJJhead cold gets air. jCSJ Only 25c 24 times as much forSOc Caution: 7 T Use only as directed. S Fenetro NosePr'P' GEE-S- HE j LOOKS OLD TODAY C I - " 71- - j. - 2i. j YOU BET you show i, when those UUIIL I U U tSoXl. foofhei fast Witt SP COLD HEAT ARTIflll 2- - Check mUscular 3. cramps. Ennonce local circulation '" C05M of 4. Help reduce local ,veiling. MUSCULAR LUMBAGO j lAttZrtt 0R BACKACHE "n'nfla- - Sorone contain. " '" &SSi- - 19 S0REMUSCLB lasting botde! $l ' B'6' lo"' r-- . . 3 MINOR SPRAINS r g uwredlenU in sorej , , f - nr tono net llko hot '"'""S makes it" felt tiood u"tin " 2J j WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Congress Debates Labor Draft Issue; Red Army Forges Deeper Into Poland; FDR Asks 100 Billion Wartime Budget; House Group Studies Prohibition Bill (EDITOR'S NOTE ; When opinion! r xpreid In theue colnmni, thty r Western Newipopei Union'! newt analysts and not neceeearlly ol tela newioapor.; Released by Western Newspaper Union. CIVILIAN GOODS: Hold Back Steel Although curtailment of orders has resulted in a reduction of steel operations, the War Production board refused to lift its ban on use of the metal in 646 civilian items, except in special instances to Im-prove substitutes. WPB's decision, it was said, was based on: 1. The army and navy's position that limitations on the use of ma-terials should not be removed until war needs are clear; 2. WPB's conclusion that expand-ed civilian production would result in shortages of coal, petroleum, lum-ber for crating, packaging paper and transportation, all of which are not sufficient to even meet war re-quirement. Because of a typographical er-ror by the OPA, Monnett, Mo. population 4,099 became the corn capital of the U. S. A. While the corn top was set at $1.16 for Chicago, It stood at $1.19M In Monnett, so the latter town had no difficulty getting 25 carloads of the grain, or 2,000,000 bushels. ' ' '-U -. ' 1 Italy Torrential rains haT turned Italian battlefront into goo, lowing Allied drive. (See: Europe.) RUSSIA: Advance in Poland Gen. Nikolai Vatutin's First Ukrainian army bit deeper into pre- - war Poland in hard fighting as other Red units main-tained heavy pres-sure on the embat-tled Nazis in other sectors' of the Rus-sian front. The Reds contin-ued bearing down on the Nazis in the great Dnieper bend, where their persist-ent attacks gradual- - Gen. Vatutin I HIGHWAYS: Urges U. S. Network Construction and improvement of 34,000 miles of roads which would provide employment for 2,000,000 workers, was recommended to con-gress by President Roosevelt after more than two years of study by a national interregional highway com-mittee. " To cost about $750,000,000 annually over a period of years, the plan em-braces creation of a system of coun-try and urban roads that would con-nect every part of the nation. In general, the new system would follow routes of existing federal aid highways, with costs shared equally by local, state and U. S. government agencies. Quick congressional ac-tion was asked to help acquire land, draft detailed plans and accomplish other preliminary work. FATS AND OILS: Output Larger Keeping up with increased de-mands, fats and oils output in the U. S. for 1943-'4- 4 will approximate 11,200,000 pounds to top last year's production of 10,600,000 pounds. Despite an easing of the supply situation for the current year, it was pointed out that stocks might be se-verely drained to fill needs abroad in case of an Allied victory in Eu-rope in 1944. Soybean production for the 1943 season was set at 187,000,000 bush-els, for peanuts 2,500,000 pounds, and for cottonseed 5,500,000 tons. Because of decreases in lard and grease output, overall fat and oils production for the 1944-'4- 5 season should drop below this year's fig-ures. STRANGE LETTER: Hopkins Involved . While Harry Hopkins was recuper-ating in the Bethseda naval hospital, C. Nelson Sparks appeared before a Washington, D. C, grand jury and turned over a letter which he al-leged proved that the President's WAR BUDGET: 100 Billion Asked Assuming that fighting will con-tinue throughout the fiscal year end-ing in June, 1945, President Roose-velt asked congress for an appropri- - ation of $100,000,000,000 to cover the j period. At the same time, the President asked congress to prepare for de-mobilization by (1) planning public works; (2) providing mustering-ou- t pay to servicemen; (3) expansion of the social security program to tide over the labor force during the reconversion period, and (4) study ways of boosting foreign trade. Declaring that war spending since 1940 will have swelled to $397,000,-000,00- 0 by 1945, the President fore-cast a national debt of $258,000,000,-00- 0 by next year. Such a debt, the President said, would require an-nual interest charges of $5,000,000,-00- which could best be paid with a national income of $125,000,000,000 annually, far over the pre-w- level. To help whittle the debt, the Pres-ident urged a minimum of $10,000,-000,00- 0 in new taxes this year, cou-pled with present collections of Ask Labor Draft ' v No sooner had President Roose-velt's message to congress calling for a labor draft been read, than Sen. Warren Austin (Vt.) and Rep. James Wadsworth (N. Y.) intro-duced legislation making all men between 18 and 65 and all women between 18 to 50 subject to com-pulsory service. As congress moved toward con-sideration of the controversial labor draft Issue, the senate went toward approval of most of its new $2,000,-000,00- 0 tax bill, far below the ad-ministration's demand for $10,000,-000,00- 0 of new revenue. The senate also voted to keep he present social security tax rate at 1 per cent each for employer and employee, instead of doubling the .rates as automati-cally provided by the original law. In introducing his labor draft bill which would enable the government to place people in employment, Sen-ator Austin said approximately 6,000,000 all men over 38, and an estimated 21,000,000 women would form a huge workers pool which could be channeled where needed into industry. EUROPE: Biggest Loss Fighting through swarms of Nazi fighter planes which pressed home their attacks in close ranks, and running into new rocket antiaircraft fire that threw up shells "as big as a house," 700 U. S. Liberators and Flying Fortresses protected by al-most 500 light combat escorts smashed hard at German airplane factories in southwestern Germany. As the big U. S. aerial fleet fired the machine shops and assembly plants with a record loss of 64 planes, other Allied bombers struck at the big Greek port of Piraeus out-side of Athens, supply center for German strongpoints in the Aegean sea, guarding the near eastern water route to the Balkans. Although heavy weather turned the ground into goo, U. S. dough-boys beat down Nazi mountain posts in southern Italy in their advance on Cassino, key to the road to Rome. In bearing down on Cassino, doughboys were overrunning hill po-sitions to the north, west and south, giving them a commanding view of the town which lies in a plain astride the prized highway. No. 1 advisor was in close contact with Wendell Willkie, G. O. P. leader. Former mayor of Akron, Ohio, when Willkie was a utility lawyer there, and manager of Frank Gannett's campaign for the Republican in 1940, Sparks first published the ly whittled down a long stretch of country which the Germans held to prevent the Russ from cutting through it and trapping 650,000 of their troops to the south. As General Vatutin's forces pushed forward in prewar Poland, the Po-lish government-in-exil- e considered Russia's proposal for a postwar ad-justment of the old eastern border between the two states. Under the proposal, Russia would keep the for-mer Polish provinces of White Rus-sia and the Ukraine, while Poland would be compensated by taking over Eastern Prussia. PROHIBITION: ; ; Open Hearings "Use Your Bible to Battle the Bottle." "Two Resolutions: I Will Keep Sweet and I Will Not Drink Al-cohol." As leaflets containing these slo-gans were passed out by ardent pro-hibitionists, a house judiciary sub-committee opened hearings on a bill by Rep. Joseph Bryson (S. C.), for limiting alcoholic content of bever-ages to 1 per cent for the duration. Heading the Dry delegation was Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith, president of the Women's Christian Temper-ance Union. Mrs. Smith asserted that hangovers from week - end drinking sprees result in war plant absenteeism, and she further said that liquor manufacture channels grains, sugar and other products from food uses. Opposing the prohibitionists, Rep-resentative Forand (R. I.) described himself as a teetotaler. But, said he, that "does not give me license to tell my neighbors what they should eat and drink." SOUTHWEST PACIFIC: Batter Forward As U. S. doughboys battered their way slowly through Jap jungle de-fenses in New Britain, other Yankee units pushed southward for a junc-tion with Australian troops fighting up the eastern coast of New Guinea. While Yank and Aussie alike ploughed through the Japs' strong brush and mountain cover, U. S. bombers continued their raids on the enemy's central Pacific Marshall is-lands, guarding the ocean highway to the orient. Airdromes and ship-ping in the cluster of coral islets were battgred by roaring Liberators. Following strengthening of their beachhead at Arawe in southwestern New Guinea, doughboys moved in-land against the Japs after heavy artillery bombardment, while to the north, other U. S. elements gradu-ally were pushing the enemy back from around the captured airdrome at Cape Gloucester. In eastern New Guinea, Jap bases behind U. S. posi-tions were bombed heavily to slow movements against doughboys fight-ing to join hands with the advancing Aussies to the south. C. Nelson Sparks letter in a book, in which he assailed Willkie's methods in the G. O. P. national convention. In the alleged letter, Hopkins was to have written to a prospective Democratic senatorial candidate in Texas, promising that he could get Willkie to swing Republican support over to him in the primary election. Claiming the letter was a forgery, Hopkins asked the FBI to investi-gate the matter. NAZI PRISONERS: Suicides Reported In the Nazi war prison compound at Concordia, Kan., four stern-face- d German officers escorted one Capt. Felix Tropschuh to a room with a bed, a chair, a table and a rope. While two of them stood outside for 30 minutes, Tropschuh hanged himself. Investigation revealed that the prisoners had set up their own court to try Tropschuh for anti-Hitl- talk and exposing a plot for escape, and, having found him guilty of disgrace-ful conduct for a German officer, left him with the traditional Prus-sian alternative of killing himself. Another Nazi suicide at the camp was Franz Kettner, who took his own life when he feared violence because of the discovery of his belief in a free Austria. READY FOR VETS The veterans' administration is expanding its facilities to take care of the soldiers of this war. Hospital capacity is being increased to 300,000 beds. Six months ago it was around 80,000. The financial departments are also being reorganized to han-dle the immense volume of disburse-ments of all sorts that will be nec-essary. The department is still paying pen- sions to the widow of a War of 1812 militiaman, and to 81 widows of Mexican war veterans. NEW AUTOS Predictions that new automobiles will be in production and on sale to the civilian population by early fall are being confidently made in trade circles. Basis for the optimism is the tapering off of war orders, plant capacity, and the ex-pectation that the WPB will release large quantities of steel and other materials soon, possibly by March 1 Government officials are said to be concerned about the need for re-placements. They say that 4,600 cars are being scrapped daily. Fishing for Sharks To catch soup-fi-n sharks w. . coast fishermen now use' 1 hooks, baited with mullet or n!,8e fish, that dangle at the end oi l;8' foot chains, says Collier's Th are hung at intervals a 1,000-fo- master chain. 8 Within a day or two, the of three long chains usually aw? ages 25 sharks, whose livers alonT owing to the heavy demand hi their oil, have a market valua Z some $4,500. Torpedoes From Planes A warplane, when firing a tor pedo, must travel very dose to the water so the projectile win land horizontally. If the plane is too high, which occasionally ha-ppens, the torpedo may strike the surface at too sharp an angle, flm over backward and travel in the opposite direction. Ton of Gold A cube of gold slightly more than 14 inches in each dimension would weigh a ton. HHOUSEHOLD Small children can be prevented from removing shoe laces from their shoes and losing them if a knot is tied in each lace between the bottom two eyelets. Frayed carpet edges can be pre-vented from further fraying by ap-plying binding tape. Dickies for various frocks and sweaters can be made from a man's old shirt tails. Fine poplin and striped shirtings are excellent for this purpose. Water rings on varnished furni-ture can often be removed by rub-bing them with a cloth dipped in camphor. Work quickly and wipe dry with a clean, soft cloth. When dry, rub with furniture polish, ap-plied on a soft cloth. . Save halt on tablecloth laundry by turning over the cloth when one side is surface soiled. Never use, a coarse, gritty scour-ing powder on any enameled part of a stove. It is likely to destroy the surface glaze. When sewing something that re-quires a good bit of thread, fill several bobbins before you begin. Then all you will have to do is replace the empty bobbin with a full one. This saves time and pa-tience, and one can sew steadily for a long time. Odorous foods like sauerkraut, fish, strong cheese, or broccoli should always be covered before they are placed in the refrigerator to prevent their tainting other foods. B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage Nicaragua and Costa Rica are apidly expanding their balsa crops d keep up with current war de-mands and in anticipation of wood's l.portant role in postwar aviation. The use of tin to preserve food afely in metal containers was first xploited by Napoleon's engineers reparatory to his invasion of Rus-ia- . Cinchona seeds have grown in the 1. S., the seedlings have been flown I South America and successfully rown there for quinine production. Increasingly efficient utilization of ircraft labor has resulted in more lar planes for Allied flying forces rith fewer workers. A new training film which puts rar industry workers on the produc-to- n line in to one-thir- d iss time has been developed by the t. S. Office of Education. Stamp out turnover stay on the job and finish the job! That should be every American's" creed. All honorably discharged mem-bers of the armed forces both men and women will be assisted in ev-ery way possible to find a job to their liking, according to Paul V. McNutt, chairman of the War Man-power commission. Women are now employed as armed guards in the New Castle workhouse in Delaware, as traffic policemen in AshevUle, N. C, and as street cleaners in Baltimore, Md. More power to them. A vigilant safety patrolman, with an electric eye that can see the ghostly shadows of many otherwise invisible gases and vapors, has been developed to warn of dangerous con-centrations of these compounds in the atmosphere of manufacturing plants. HIGHLIGHTS . . " the week's news PICKLES: In the midst of an demand for pickles by the armed forces and civilian sources, directors of the National Pickle Packers association, at a wartime meeting in Chicago, forecast a short-age of pickles for civilians unless farmers increase cucumber acreage in 1944. Available pickle stocks are reported to be 1 million bushels less than a year ago. CHINCH BUGS: The prolonged drouth is adding a new danger in the corn belt the threat of a much larg-er number of chinch bugs next sea-son. Dry fall weather is favorable to the pests, as they can go into hibernation with small losses. An open winter also preserves many of the insects, who would ordinarily be killed by cold, it was said by ento-mologists. 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