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Show , THE PROGRESSIVE OPINION Powerful Allies Aid Farmer in Battle Against Bugs, Infection and Erosion V' I if v. ; Experiment Stations, County Agents Fight Crop Destroyers. - How the farmer fares in his never-endin- g battle against insect pests, weather, .disease, erosion and the thousand and one other hazards farm life is heir to, will largely determine how well he succeeds in meet-ing Uncle Sam's ever-increasi-call for more production jof foods, dairy products, fibers and fats. Luckily, the farmer has his own army, navy, marine corps, coast guard, and air force to battle and vanquish his enemies. Who com-prise these armed forces? The agri-cultural experiment stations and the extension services of his state land grant colleges. - - - - The way these services help the farmer to combat any production troubles old or new that come his way, is described by M. N. Beeler, in the current issue of Capper's Farmer. "The trouble which meets a man at any dawn or in the dead of night may be as old as Bang's disease (brought to America by Cortez in 1521) or Hessian fly (introduced into the colonies by German hirelings during the Revolution)," writes Mr. Beeler. "It may be as new as late potato blight in the Red river val-ley, or the attack of European corn borer in Illinois. Trouble may be as persistent as bindweed, smut, codling moth or boll weevil, as complicat-ed as malnutrition originating in and nutritional troubles of crops, plants and foods, are legion. How the army of scientists from the land grant colleges has fought and won battles for the farmer against these and other adversaries forms a fascinating tale. Make Seed Germinate. . When Iowa farmers reported sweet clover seed didn't germinate proper-ly, the state agricultural experiment station discovered the cause was hard seed and made a scarifier that corrected the trouble. That was 30 years ago and was the forerunner o many more modern devices and methods, the most recent of which is a process by the Fort Hays, Kan., station for "waking" buffalo grass seed. Then there was that matter of "Laryngot racheitis" down in New Jersey. Sounds professorish, doesn't it? But it has an easihy connotation to any poultryman who has lost 20 to 60 per cent of his flock. The New Jersey station found an inoculation that protects, the birds from this disease. A shortage of spraying machinery threatened the crop of certain Penn-sylvania potato growers in 1942. The state college extension service met that threat by organizing 50 spray rings to serve 1,500 farms and pro-tect 10,000 acres. An average of 30 farmers used each machine. In-creased production was estimated at 1,376,000 bushels. So the story goes. One of the troubles that plagues farmers on the plains is "poisoning" of cattle by wheat pasture. The Oklahoma sta-tion investigated and recommended a remedy which included feeding a little dry roughage. The Kansas col-lege not only discovered a success- - : - ' ; 4'?:- - )xxi ? vs 5-- ' GRASSHOPPERS and locusts are among the worst scourges in many farming regions. 1888 the investigations in coopera-tion with Texas which made control of Texas fever tick possible. A mysterious livestock disease, ob-served by Marco Polo in China more than 600 years ago, which afflicted army horses at Fort Randall, Neb., was explained only in 1931. The trouble is caused by feed grown on soil containing selenium. The South Dakota station has announced con-trol and remedies. The list of achievements is almosv endless. Substitutes for pyrethrum have been produced by the Dela-ware station. Beginning in 1900 the West Virginia station worked out the e date for controlling Hessian fly. Tennessee discovered and in-troduced cryolite to replace scarce arsenicals as an insecticide. Mon-tana instituted the feeding of io-dized salt during pregnancy to pre-vent goiter losses of new-bor- n pigs, lambs, calves and colts. Nebraska checked the potency of commercial serums offered in control of swine erysipelas, with resultant standard-ization of effective protection. By breeding a cot-ton strain, the Alabama station saved the cotton-growin- g industry of the southern parv el the state. Purdue experiment station in Indi-ana has produced a new Hessian-fl- y resistant wheat. New York has ' announced a new organic spray which kills late fruit blooms, ma-terially reduces the hand labor of thinning, and induces annual bear-ing in varieties which normally pro-duce fruit every other year. Develop Borer-Resista- Corn. The Ohio station has demonstrat-ed that milk fever can be greatly reduced by feeding four ounces of irradiated yeast daily to cows for four weeks before and one week aft-er freshening. Another Ohio sta-tion project was the development of borer-resista- corn hybrids. Experiments at Pennsylvania and elsewhere disclose that fowl paraly-sis, which caused a $43,000,000 loss in 10 poultry states one year, can be controlled by selective breeding and culling. But lest any farmer get the no-tion that the scientific research job has been completed and that he can get along without it, Mr. Beeler suggests that he remember just one menace wheat rust. "Ceres was a stem rust resistant variety distributed by North Dakota in 1926," he points out. "By 1933 it occupied 5,000,000 acres. But cer-tain physiologic races of rust in-creased and laid it low. Then the Minnesota station brought out Thatcher in 1934. It spread to acres in the United States and Canada by 1940. Now Thatcher is on the way out, because of sus-ceptibility to leaf rust. But the Min-nesota station announces New-hatc-outyielding Thatcher by 36 per cent for three years, to be released in 1944." EROSION, though slow and unspectacular, lowers land productivity tremendously. This Kansas field, too steep to terrace, was planted with corn in 1942. There was no protective covering sown on it. Wind and rain scraped another layer off the already thin topsoil in the spring of 1943. Land like this should be in pasture. , ful treatment for black-le- g in calves, in 1914, but through extension it so increased the use that dosage costs declined from 50 to 10 cents. This station likewise introduced copper carbonate treatment of bunt smut of wheat, sorghums and millet. When the New England coastal hurricane damaged 10 to 75 per cent of trees in farm orchards, the exten-sion service of Rhode Island, Con-necticut and Massachusetts worked out a rehabilitation program that saved thousands of trees. Control Fever Tick. Colorado ' potato growers were faced with an infestation of bacterial ring in 1938. The station found a remedy. Cattle fever tick had pre-vented development of cattle rais-ing in Louisiana up to 1936. Exten-sion workers and animal husbandry researchers led the fight to stamp it out. Missouri had inaugurated in poor soil, as evident as a grass-hopper scourge, as mysterious as baby pig disease, as commonplace as labor shortage, as rare as foot and mouth disease, as little as ants in the kitchen, as big as a com-plete management and production program." Assistance Is at Band. But whatever the difficulty, help in most cases is no farther away than the county extension agent, or the land grant college, Mr. Beeler points out. Potentialities for trou-ble can be appreciated when such an every-da- y animal as the hog is sub-ject to more than "60 afflictions. Poul-try may succumb to any one or a combination of 89. The Indiana ex-periment station lists 18 common enemies of corn within that state in the category of diseases. And an Ohio report credits these same dis-eases with a 19,000,000-bushe- l yield reduction in a single year. This 'damage is in addition to losses from borers, chinch bugs, ear worms, grasshoppers, aphids, root lice and a host of other insects. Continuing experimental projects are reported by the Arkansas sta-tion in combat with a few enemies of cotton, such as wilt, boll weevil, diseases, aphids, leaf worms, boll worms, red spider, flea hopper, root rot and just plain soil poverty.. Any sheepman, says Mr. Beeler, can count a dozen profit and g afflictions of his flock, but there are at least 36 miscellane-ous diseases and 40 internal para-sites besides foot rot, sore mouth, scab, ticks, pregnancy and lung diseases. Furthermore, the U. S. depart-ment of agriculture year book for 1942 devotes 172 pages to diseases and pests of cattle and explains there are 70 or more species of bo-vine infesting tapeworms and round-worms. Books have been written about the ailments of horses and mules. The insect, fungous, virus " ' ' 7 ' , , 1 k X',1,, CHINCH BUGS ruin millions of bushels of corn every year as dn to c7noS' army WrmS' al,d ther PeS'S' maDy ' Whi "C 'difflc"" Reply That Should Answer Multitude of Questions During a question period follow-ing a lecture, a man arose and put a foolish query to the speak-er. The latter replied: "The logic of your question makes me think of another. Can you tell me why fire engines are always red? You can't? Well, have four wheels and eight men. Four and. eight are twelve. Twelve inches make a foot. A foot is a ruler. Queen Elizabeth was a ruler. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship that sails the seven seas. Seas have fish. Fish have fins. The Finns fight the Russians. The Russians are red. Fire-engin- are always rushin'. Therefore, are always red. "I hope this answers your ques-tion also." Mexican Pan Holde, Towels and CufljjJ "THE corner shelf A rack with screwed to theV and red cut-o- scallops an, ttot xont is an idea for u the tightener. The scalloped yood over the stove looks for pan holder It is the MexicannholSdea'V ls and curfctowflii,, he gift maker with needle 1 ;hread. t; A whole set of amusing Ifeir-igure-may be embroidered simple outline stitch in bright rs. Some of the transfer desi '" ire large and some are small'.' hat they may be used for B,, liff erent purposes. Try them uncheon set of coarse turqJ.: inen. NOTE-Y- ou will enjoy making arv jmbroidered with these quaint Mexican figures. There are mortt' .wenty on this hot Iron transfer shee' lifterent and all easy to do. Pri7" Jrder No. 203 and it will be mailed nediately upon receipt. Address: MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEAR Bedford Hills Ne y Drawer 10 Enclose 15 cents for Transfer N. 203. Name Address ' CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT FEATHERS WANTED FEATHERS WANTED, NEW OR OLD Ship or write to Sterling Feather Company, 009 N. Broadway, St. Louis, Missouri, Used Cars Trailers TOmOBJLES Nurses' Training Schools MAKE UP TO WEEK as a trained practical nurse! Learn quickly at home. Booklet free. CHICAGO SCHOOL OF s NURSING. Dept. CW-- Cblcaco. OFFICE EQUIPMENT WE BUY AND SELL Office Furniture, Files, Typewriters, Add-ing Machines. Safes. Cash Registers. SALT LAKE DESK EXCHANGE S5 West Broadway, Salt Lake City, Utah. TOL'ISISTlil Put nostril. It (1) shrinks swollen membranes, (2) soothes irritation, (3) relieves transient nasal co-ngestion . . . and brings greater breathing comfort. Follow the complete Vl,,J directions in folder. VA"!.. J RUMEIP ; if back aches from need of diuretic aid Functional kidney disturbance due to need of diuretic aid may cause stabbing back- - ache! May cause urinary flow to be fre-quent, yet scanty and smarting! You may lose sleep from "getting up nights" often may feel dizzy, nervous, "headachy." In such cases, you want to stimulate kidney action Jast. So if there is nothing systemically or organically wrong, try Gold Medal Capsules. They've been fa-mous for prompt action for 30 years. Take care to use them only as directed. Accept so substitutes. 351 at your drug store. DON'T LET cohstipati::i SLOW YOU UP When bowels are sluggish and irritable, headachy, do as milx do chew the moir cHfewing-gu- laxative. Simply before you go to taking only in accordance with pach: directions sleep without being Next morning gentle, helping you feel swell again.!" FEEN-A-MIN- Tastes good,uhaK! and economical. A generous family iuft FEBWHITT 1 Surer 7"" rf'ViMiiiitki 2ii-W0RU'S LARGEST SELLER AI IO$ Moss Miast Drd To Relieve Head Colds Miseries N When head colds strike, help nose drain, a dear the way for breathing comlort u I Kith Kondon's Nasal Jlly. KondM 0 t acts ouickly to open dogeed pass inflamed, irritated tissue, reduce.sTO- - simple. At all druggists. Used Satisfaction or money back is rj- - Ask your druggist for lOKDOIfS HS1LJW Relief At Last For Your Cough Creomulsion relieves promptly be-cause it goes right to the seat of the trouble to help loosen and expel germ laden phlegm, and aid nature to soothe and heal raw, tender, in-flamed bronchial mucous mem-branes. Tell your druggist to sell you a bottle of Creomulsion with the un-derstanding you must like the way it quickly allays the cough or you are to have your money back. CREOMULSION for Coughs, Chest Colds, Bronchitis WNU W 444 - f SNAPPY FACTS . ABOUT t Inflatable rubber borg" the U. S. Navy are "' at B. f. Goodrich in vulcaniier that i " long, lOVi feet in ian weighs 35 tonf . door that alone weis"' tons. It', a record ferii"" turn, out the borsjj at a rata of one every minute.. Synthetic rubber plant completed and ose for construction will have ,0C) nual rated capacity of long tons. Before the war ft about o States consumed long tons of rubber omhic BEGoodiiijf TSURVEY SHOWS HELPS BUILD STAMINA HELPS BUILD ACTUAL RESISTANCE TO COLDS Try g Scott's Emulsion Con-tains natural A & D Vitamins that help bring back energy and stamina if there is dietarv deficiency of these elements. ti0i Take it daily. All druggists ! Who's News! This Week By Delos Wheeler Lovelace Consolidated Features.-W- NU Release. YORK. Every morning at NEW bells 8 a. m. to land-lubbersthe navy's top man squints upward from, the deck of the yacht Dauntless in Top Man of Navy the Washing-Wa- y Be Upped to ton navy y aT d a n d Admiral of Fleet throws a smart salute toward the high-flyin- g flag which he now says wiU throw heavier and heavier shadows across Japan as this new year runs along. A full admiral, there is talk of rais-ing him still higher, to match senior officers of our Allies. This would make him admiral of the fleet, a rank no American has held since Dewey 45 years ago. Adm. Ernest Joseph King's family, as much as an ardent army has left of it, lives in Washington but the admiral sleeps on the Dauntless because It can also accommodate the staff which helps him plan the coming offensive. Having given his smart salute he walks, prob-ably by way of Virginia avenue, to the Navy building on Consti-tution. There he puts in a big day's work for a man already two birthdays past retirement age. He was 65 in November and about then a rumor got around that Admiral Nimitz would succeed him. When this did not happen the rumor died a natural death. Married since 1915, with a son in Annapolis, and five daugh-ters, of whom four are married to army officers, Admiral King has been in the navy for 40 years. He has had his flag for 10, has been a full admiral for 7, and has had his present high post for more than 2. LOREN BATT of the WILLIAM board looks ahead to the days when the war will be stumbling offstage and doesn't like what Vice WPB Chief 5jfc . He Fears a Shortage sees lots of workers and Of Products Ahead ,ots of ma. terial, but too few products for a commodity-hungr- y United States. This is likely to be so, he says, be-cause workers will be in one re-gion, stockpiles in another. The government gives Batt a dollar a year for miscellaneous jobs, chief of which is the of WPB. He has worked at the latter since early in '42. His assignments keep him in his office 13 hours a day and busy at home more nights than not, but he still finds time to eye postwar problems. He s believes that if management and labor pull together this country can have an unequalled pros-perity with living standards so high the golden '20s will seem poverty-stricke- n by comparison. Batt has been studying the rela-tions of management and labor for years. In private life he heads the S. K. F. Industries at Philadelphia. He got to that post from a running start off an Indiana farm. Born near Salem, he walked six miles a day to get part of his schooling and finally was graduated from Purdue with an engineering degree. That led him into manufacturing, and manufacturing forced him into a study of management on which he is now an authority. Away from Washington he lives in a Philadelphia suburb. For 35 years he has been mar-ried to a chum of his childhood and they have 5 children, as well as a substantial equity in 5 grandchildren. "X7'ORD reaches this corner by a ' ' round-abo- road from Tehe-ran that the Big Three included Fin-land in their talks and that when Finland s Premier Russia sits down to Can Breathe Much make peace Easier After This with her small north-ern neighbor she may be surprising-ly reasonable. This is a rumor to file for future reference, and mean-while it will cheer Premier Edwin Linkomies. Since he took his job last March he has worried chiefly about Russia's intentions. Linkomies is one of Europe's most erudite statesmen. Educat-ed abroad, chiefly in Italy and Greece, he is vice president of Helsinki university and profes- sor there of Latin and Roman literature and is certainly the only prime minister who has written a Latin grammar. Six years ago, when Hoover visited Finland, Linko-mies welcomed him with a Latin oration. His political activities have kent pace with his academic progress. He has held various municipal posts in his native Viipuri and for 10 years has been a member of parlia- ment. He is titular head of Uusi Suomi, leading conservative daily and organ of the National Coalition party. Fifty years old, Linkomies is en-ergetic, persuasive and a terrific worker. Notwithstanding his pro- fessorial background he gets on with all sorts of people and is popular Partly, perhaps, because of his quick, sharp, dry wit. In common with most Finns he likes sports and any work with his hands. Most of his spare time is spent on his farm. mm Released by Western Newspaper Union. HIDDEN TAXES AND WASTE IN GOVERNMENT WHEN WE BUY cigarettes, ci-gars, tobacco, playing cards, wines and liquors, if any," 'we know there is a tax included in the price we pay because of the internal revenue stamp on each package. But there are other taxes we pay on these things and on all other things we buy. They are referred to as hid-den taxes and they include taxes levied by municipalities, counties, school districts, states and the fed-eral government. It is by no means the tax bill we receive that represents the taxes we pay. These hidden taxes that are a portion of the price of every commodity we buy represent the taxes paid directly by all those who produce the things we buy. They are passed along to the consumer as a part of the price he pays. If that were not done all industry would soon be bankrupt and we would have industrial chaos. Taxes are a part of the cost of production, just as much as is labor or materi-als or power. A loaf of bread offers a simple il-lustration. Trie farmer raises wheat and must sell it at a profit if he is to continue producing wheat. An item of the cost of production is the taxes he pays on his farm. If his taxes are $100 and his only pro-duction has been 1,000 bushels o wheat, the tax item amounts to 10 cents a bushel. That must be, and is, passed along to the man who buys the wheat. The elevator operator buys the wheat and pays the farmer's taxes. He sells the wheat to the miller at a price that includes the farmer's taxes with the addition of a share of the taxes of the elevator operator. It goes on from the miller to the wholesaler, the retailer, the baker. Each one adds a bit of taxes. By the time a bushel of wheat has reached the consumer in the form of bread it is possible there may have been added 25 cents, or more, to the actual cost of the wheat. That 25 cents becomes a part of the price of the bread made from that bushel of wheat and the consumer pays it. Competent tax analysts estimate that from 20 to 30 per cent of the price of a loaf of bread represents the taxes the consumer pays for those who produced the wheat and converted it from grain to bread. That is as it always has been, and must continue to be, if Ameri-can industry is to continue to oper-ate. When the tax fixing bodies, lo-cal, state or national, collect a high tax rate from the industrial corpo-rations, they are not soaking such corporations, they are soaking us, the consumers. When the taxes on anything we buy commodities, transportation, gas or electricity are increased, the price we pay for the product is, and must be, in-creased. When taxes go down we get more for our money. We, the consumers, have a very definite interest in government, lo-cal, state and national, economics. We, in the end, must pay the cost of government waste and extrava-gance. It is right that we do so, if anybody must pay, but it is unfair when those who fix the taxes try to fool us into believing that we do not contribute to the tax collector. SUBSIDIES AND BUREAUCRATS OPA WAS CREATED for the pur-pose of controlling distribution, price and consumption of commodi-ties used by the civilian population on the tome front. It has full authority to specify the amount of any commodity that may be used by the civilian population. Through the point rationing system it regu-lates the amount of each commodity each civilian may have. It is author-ized to, and does, fix prices that may be charged for commodities by the producer, the processor, the manufacturer, the wholesaler and the retailer. It tells the consumer what he is to pay for any com-modity on which OPA feels it should, and does, set a price. These things being true, why does any failure to pay subsidies threaten us with runaway, inflationary 'prices on food products? When the farm-er, the1 processor, the wholesaler, the retailer are told at what price they can sell and the consumer is told at what price he may buy, where does the threat of runaway prices come in? The payment of subsidies, it would seem, provides but another means by which Washington bureaucrats may tell American farmers what to raise and when and how. The farm-ers are to be commended for their opposition. ONE POINT about farm subsidies that seems to have been overlooked: The administering of them would provide jobs for several thousand additional federal government em-ployees. THE ONE OBSTACLE THE FARMER has so far been successful in surmounting is the racketeering labor leader who has attempted an invasion of the farm field. The racketeer's difficulty is in finding mass elements with which he can deal. ' BOTH PEN AND SWORD AGAINST THE ENEMY Judging from the "by lines" in our newspapers and periodicals the American fighting man, from buck private to general officer, is using both the sword and the pen as weapons with which to subdue the enemy. With the sword he defeats the enemy on the battlefronts. With the pen he tells how he won the battle, he adds to the soldiers meager compensation and bolsters the morale on the home front. Buy War Bonds Mother Tongue Of the hundreds of languages in existence, 11, with their dialects, constitute the mother tongues of three-quarte- rs of the human race. Ranked in importance they are Chinese, English, Russian, Span-ish, Western Hindi, German, Jap-anese, French, Bengali, Italian and Portuguese. Life's Highlights In a cemetery at Ruidoso, N.!' is a tombstone bearing this : scription: "Wild Bill Britt. E. for sheriff in '82. Ran from sher. in '83. Buried in '84." Touchy Kind Lady How long is it since you have done any1 work? Hobo Pardon me, mum, but I'm sensitive about my age. Monkey Receptionists Trains that stop at way static:: near Udaipur, India, are als: met by troops of monkeys i emerge from the jungle to chaii ' at the passengers. Strength of Nylon A half-inc-h nylon rope can lift three tons, or double the load that can be raised by a manila rope of the same diameter. Seeds In the Seychelles Islands a( Indian ocean are palm trees s: seeds weigh as much as 50 - Floods and Drouth Destroyed Crops on 13 Million Acres Last Year Latest reports from the U. S. de-partment of agriculture show that growing conditions during the past year were probably a little better than average, despite floods through-out the Mississippi basin in May and June and severe drouth in Arkansas and the surrounding states during the summer, and in the region ex-tending from New Jersey into Vir-ginia. Total crop area lost was about 13,500,000 acres, government figures show, nearly 2,000,000 more acres than were lost in 1942. Pastures and most late crops suf-fered from the hot, dry weather dur-ing July and August, although June produced enough dry weather east of the Mississippi to permit farmers in most areas to catch up with late planting and haying. Showers in the corn belt and the eastern half of the cotton belt pre-vented serious damage from the drouth there, and reports show that the warm weather enabled nearly all of the threatened corn and soybean acreage to mature before frost The dry summer and fall also helped most farmers to complete their harvesting job. The 1943 harvest totaled about 347,500,000 acres, exceeding 1942 by nearly 3 per cent or more than 9,000 . 000 acres despite wet weather thai prevented planting of some acre-age- , losses from drouth, and flooded acreage that could not be replanted 'Fixed Copper' in Spray or Dust Controls Late Blight Funm, Late blight is characterized by which the destruction of the foliage of po-tatoes and to some extent the fo-liage of tomatoes in wet fall weath-er. The size and yield of potato tu-bers may be greatly reduced if the tops are blighted early; if the blight comes late the principal loss is from rotting of the tubers either in the ground or in storage. With toma-toes the loss results principally from rotting of the fruits on the vine. sraje is caused by a fungus lives over winter on infected potato tubers which may be used for seed, possibly on tubers left in the ground, and on potato refuse left on dumps or compost heaps. Dusting or spraying is the best way to prevent damage. A copper-lim- e dust may be used, freshly mixed and applied in the early morning when the plants are wet with dew. Dusts known as fi::cri copper" dusts are now avails L. which are about as good as com lime dust, do not have to be fresh and may be applied at any time oi day when the air is still. For spraying, home-mixe- d bor- deaux has proved most effective but other materials of the --fixed' copper" type are almost as good and are easier to mix and handle. Here the concentrated copper material such as copper oxide, is mixed with' M dh'eCted on the container tra,ttan bing dilUted and in the dusts. Marine Sergeants There are 15 types of sergeants in the marine corps. They - major, master gunnery sergeant, master technical sergeant quartermaster sergeant, paymaster sergeant, first sergeant, gunnery sergeant, technical sergeant, supply sergeant, drum major, platoon ser-geant, staff sergeant, sergeant, mew sergeant and field music sergeam |