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Show THE MAKING OF CIDER, j Methods in Vogue a Hundred; Years Ago. WOODEN CYLINDERS FOR GRINDING. Tile 8toue Trough and Roller. Modern l Inventions. j There are uoiue Interesting facta In connection con-nection with tue cider industry of the at ute which at tho opi-uinx of the pre&eut century wad a primitive business among vhe fa'imern. The fruit of which the i cider wajj made at that time was the wild, 1 natural apples, mostly bour and deficient ; of flavor. Tho cider waa a harsh, bout drink, even aa it ran from the prewit. The cider drinkerof those days lived toagreat age. As time went on, grafting was discovered; dis-covered; then many of the wild trees were grafted to more palaiablo fruit, and later on budding came into nse. Then an experienced ex-perienced budder could change hundreds of a mail nursery seedlings in one day to tfny desirable variety. A this day, there are not more than ten or a dozen varieties of apples with which it i advisable to plant an orchard. Those choice varieties quisites for success to the planter: namely, quality, productiveness, vigor, growth and color pleasing to the eye of the consumer. con-sumer. TUB OLD FABIIIOSED WILL. Here is a description of a cider mill of a well to do farmer 100 years ago: The first thing was a circular stone trough about 80 feet in diameter. The inside stones, which were set up edgewise, were about 19 inches in height, aud the outside stones wero 2 feet in height. The space between the stones was tilled with clay, pounded in hard to prevent loaking. The width of the bottom of the trench was about 15 inches. A post was sot in the center of the circle, and from that post extended a shaft of wood, which served as the axis of a atone cylinder made to turn in the circular trough. This cylinder cylin-der was 4 foot long and about 8 inches in diameter. At t-ko end 0 tho shaft, outside out-side the trench, atorso was hitched. The animal, by walking around the stone, jammed under tho cylinder the apples that wero placed in tho trough. A man or a smart boy had his hands full to keep tho horse going and to poke the apples under tho stone, as they had a tendency to slide up the Bides of tho circular trough. In eix hours a horse and man could mush about thirty bushels of apples, ap-ples, if tho horse did not get the blind Btaggers from walking In so small acircle. After tho grinding the finest portion of the pomace was shoveled into a tub and slid on two timbers to the press. A thick layer of straw was laid on tho bottom of tho press, with tho ends reaching over a frame tho sizo of tho intended cheese. They a layer of mashed applo was laid on, and tho straw was bout over the edge ol the layer of apples, tho form lifted np, tiien a layer of straiv and so on until tho cheese was at tho desired height. The press was outdoors, with a roof over the top. The press was set high enough above the ground to allow a tub to bo set under the vat to receivo tho juice. "'H1U1X" AND BTEAlKEn. Tho juice was bailed from tho tub by a vessel called a "pigglu," a wooden measure meas-ure like a petk measure of today, with a wooden handle attached. The strainer and funnel consisted of a bucket of about two gallons capacity, with a wooden tube fastened on the bottom to placo in tho bnnghole. That hnckot was filled with straw for a strainer. After six or eight hours of pressing tho cheese would be quite compact; then tho screws were raised and tho sides of tho cheeso were cut down with a broad ox. Two or three buckets of water were then poured upon tho cheeso. and then tho screws were forced down for all they would stand. Tho rosv.lfc of all labor was about two and ono-half gallons of juice from a bushel of apples, and, being exposed ex-posed so much and tiu long to tho atmosphere, atmos-phere, v.::s oxidised to a dark brown color, wnleh was tiuppo-tcd tit thnt ticio and is tof-.'.y by some psople) .o bo the only cri-teri'-n of its qunllty. j After th 1 'stono ago" of making cider, t woedtn cylinders, tvvj feet in length and 1 on-" iu diaoe:ei', vero used. Theso stood end who, with fluted edges, each flute filled into tho other with a sweep on the top. Tho cylinder werj driven by horse pov. ov, and iho horse walked in a circle of '20 fctt. Each tlmo ho traveled GO feet the "nuts," as they wero called, revolved onco around. Tho dnshed apples adhered to them so that a-person had to scrape the pomaco from tho revolving nuts opposite op-posite the hopper. About lsyo s Salem man invented a highspeed grater to Jio horizontally and revolve at a speed of 1,000 revolutions pc? minute. It was r.bout one foot in length and tlio s-o iu dir.meter. That did away with scraping 05 the pomace. The bar on tho to? of tho cylinder held tho apples from crowding. That contrivance con-trivance would grind sixty bushels in about three hours If the bci was set for iino work. LATE It ISVESTIOSS. About this timo iron screws camo into nso -cd took tho place of tho wooden nta, and soon rr.tchets wero attached to tilers. By this uot hod a cheese put on tho press in the morning wculd bo ready to ihvow 01T the next morning, providing :ivo or t;x Lour.? wero spoct by two mon pulling cu tho (screws. During the lu.-it war power presses be-f;au be-f;au 10 bo invented, first screw, then Utu;:!:le jointed, ssimilur to Franklin's priiiTing press. They required great care to .-re-vent tho cheese from sliding. " .'iili those preisas camo tho cloths and iramcs. Tho cloths are called cider cloths, 'ij'.-y aro three threaded and twisted very nurd, with tho desired space between eacb t in vu!. Frames of lattlco work wero used be! ween each cloih holding the pomace, and t iiey were abotit four inches apart, .liter 1 lie pressure was taken oi tho layer .-t' jiom;i.'e wum abont one inch In thickness. In l.-ir'.l a lor.r rcrew press was Invented vri;ii Ih.'ie tc-ds up L.ud tl?3 stima down :hn: v:n;ld c.-..in a chjcte in thirty mtn-'.i mtn-'.i t . 1 iie cylinders avo intended to make 1! if;vc!v.vioJ.: nei' rjiuuto. At that .:p-icd ic v.:;! i.vat.o" 1C0 bushels in thirty minute-.. 'I'i.s !:::p:-oved mills of the present time are too o:.tly icv tho average farmer to (:.- u. C niy '.lio.-e near a dense population : :ui v. 1;g cro r.b'.s to br.y apples of their : ciiT-i -u nrierd to maintain a plant l.jf.-: tivo ;.:oinhs In iho yew and bt Liiu :ea u-onin:. ilostou Globe. |
