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Show ROOSEVELT GIVES I0BJUECI0BE As Recipient of Peace Prize He Talks in Christiania. ENDING OF WARS HIS TOPIC Treaties of Arbitration, Development of Hague Tribunal and Check on Growth of Armaments Urged by the Ex-President. ChrlBtlanln. Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Roose-velt, former president of tho United States, lectured on "International Peace" Thursday, May C, heforo tlio Nobol prize committee which nwnrd-ed nwnrd-ed him the peaco prize for his successful suc-cessful efforts In ending tho war between be-tween Russia and Japan. The great hnll whore tlio lecture was delivered was filled to the doors, many distinguished distin-guished persons being in the audience, and Colonel Hoosovelt's words wore heartily applauded. Ills lecturo follows: fol-lows: It Is with peculiar plcasuro that I stand hero today to express tho deep appreciation I feel of tho high honor conferred upon mo by tho presentation presenta-tion of tho Nobel peaco prlzo. Tho gold medal which formed part of tho prize I shall always keep, nnd I shall hand it on to my children as a precious heirloom. Tho sum of money provided as part of tho prlzo by tho wlso generosity gen-erosity of tho Illustrious founder of this world-famous prlzo system, I did not, under tho poculinr circumstances of the case, feel at liberty to keop. I think It eminently Just and proper that in most cases tho recipient of the prlzo should keep for his own use the prlzo in Its entirety. But In this case, whllo I did not act officially as president of tho United States, It was nevertheless only becauso I was president pres-ident that I was enabled to net at all; and I felt that tho money must bo considered as having been given me In trust for the United States. I therefore there-fore used It as a nuclous for a foundation founda-tion to forward tho causo of Industrial Indus-trial peaco, as being well within the general purpose of your commlttoo; for In our complex Industrial civilization civiliza-tion of today tho peaco of righteousness righteous-ness and Justice, tho only kind of peaco worth having, Is nt leaHt as necessary in tho industrial world ns It Is among nntions. Thero Is at least ns much need to curb tho cruel greed nnd arrogance of part of tho world of capital, to curb tho cruel greed and violence of part of tho world of labor, as to check a cruel and unhealthy militarism In International Interna-tional relationships. When Peace May Be Evil. We must ever bear In mind that tho great end In view Is righteousness, justico as botweon man and man, nation na-tion and nation, the chance to lead our lives on a somewhat higher level,-with level,-with a broader spirit of brothorly good will ono for another. Peaco Is gon-orally gon-orally good In itself, but It is never tho highest good unless It comes as tho handmaid of righteousness; and It becomes a very evil thing If It serves merely as a mask for cowardlco nnd sloth, or as an Instrument to further tho ends of despotism or anarchy. Wo despise and abhor the bully, the brawler, tho oppressor, whether In prlvato or public life; but we despise no less tho coward and tho voluptuary. voluptu-ary. No man is worth calling a man who will not fight rather than submit to Infamy or boo those that are dear to him suffer wrong. No nation do-serves do-serves to oxlst if It permits Itself to lose tho stern and virile virtues; and this without regard to whother tho loss Is due to tho growth of a heartless heart-less and all-absorbing commercialism, to prolonged Indulgence In luxury and soft effortless easo, or to the deification deifica-tion of a warped and twisted sentimentality. senti-mentality. Moreover, and nbovn all, let ub remember re-member that words count only when they glvo expression to deeds or nro to be translated Into them. Tho leaders lead-ers of the Red Terror prattled of peace whllo they stooped their hands In the blood of the Innocent; and many a tyrant has called It peace when ho has scourged honest protest Into silence. Our words must be Judged by our deeds; and In striving for a lofty ideal wo must use practical prac-tical methods; and If we cannot attain at-tain all at ono leap, wo must advanco towards It step by Btep, reasonably content so long as wo do actually make some progress In the right direction. di-rection. Now, having freely admitted tho limitations to our work, and tho qualifications qual-ifications tp bo borno in mind, 1 feel that I have tho right to have my words taken seriously when I point out where, In my Judgment, great advance ad-vance can bo mado in tho causo of International In-ternational peace. I speak as a practical prac-tical man, nnd whatever I now advocate advo-cate I actually tried to do when I waa for tho time being the head of a treat nation, and keenly Jealous of its honor hon-or and Interest. I nsk other natloni to do only what I should bo glad to soo my own nation do. Treaties of Arbitration, Tho ndvanco can bo mado along several lines. First of all thero can bo treaties of arbitration. Thero are, of course, states so backward that a civilized community ought not to enter en-ter into an arbitration treaty with them, at least until wo havo gone much further than at present In securing se-curing Bomo kind of International po-lico po-lico action. But all really civilized communities should havo effective arbitration ar-bitration treaties among themselves. I bellovo that theso treaties can cover almost all questions llnblo to arlso between be-tween such nations, If they aro drawn with tho explicit agreement that each contracting party will respect the other's oth-er's territory and absolute sovereignty within that territory, and tho equally explicit agreement that (aside from the very raro cases whero tho nation's honor Is vitally concerned) all other posslblo subjects of controversy will bo submitted to arbitration. Such a treaty should lnsuro peaco until ono party deliberately violated It. Of course, as yet there Is no ndequato safeguard against such dollborato violation, vio-lation, but tho establishment of a sufllclent number of these treaties would go a long way towards creating a world opinion which would finally And expression in tho provision of methods to forbid or punish any such violation. Work of Hague Tribunal. Secondly, thero Is tho further do velopmont of Tho Haguo tribunal, of tho work of tho conferences nnd courts at The Hague. It has b'een well said that tho first Haguo conference framed a Magna Charta for tho nations; na-tions; It set heforo U3 an Ideal which haB already to some extent been realized, real-ized, and towards tho full realization of which we can all steadily strive. Tho second conference mado further progress; tho third should do yet more. Meanwhile tho Amerlcnn government gov-ernment has moro than onco tentatively tenta-tively suggested methods for completing com-pleting the court of nrbltral Justice, constituted at tho second Hague conference, con-ference, nnd for rendering It effective. It is enrnestly to bo hopod that tho various governments of Europe, working work-ing with those of America and of Asia, shall sot themselves seriously to tho task of devising somo method which shall accomplish this result. If I may venturo tho suggestion, It would bo well for tho statesmen of the world, In planning for tho erection of this world court, to study what has been dono In tho United States by the Supremo court. I cannot help thinking think-ing that the Constitution of the United States, notably In tho establishment of tho Supremo court and In the methods adopted for securing peace and good relations among nnd between be-tween the different states, offers certain cer-tain valuable analogies to what should bo striven for In order to secure, through Tho Haguo courts and conferences, confer-ences, a species of world federation for International peace and Justice. Undue Growth of Armaments. In the third placo, something should bo done ns soon ns posslblo to check tho growth of armaments, especially naval armaments, by International agreement No ono power could or should act by ltsolf; for It is eminently eminent-ly undesirable, from tho standpoint of tho peace of righteousness, that a power which really does bellovo In peaco should placo Itself at tho inercy of some rival which may at bottom havo no such belief and no Intention of acting on It. But, granted sincerity sin-cerity of purpose, tho great powers of tho world should find no Insurmountable Insurmount-able difficulty in reaching an agreement agree-ment which would put an end to the present costly and growing extravagance extrava-gance of oxpendlturo on naval armaments. arma-ments. Finally, It would be a master stroke If thoso great powors honostly bent on poaco would form a leagdo of peaco, not only to keep tho peace among themselves, but to prevent, by force if nocessary, Its being broken by others. Tho supremo difficulty In connoctlon with developing tho poaco work of The Haguo arises from tho lack of any oxecutivo powor, of any police power to onforco tho decree of the court In any community of any size the authority au-thority of tho courts rests upon actual or potential forco; on the existenco of a pollco, or on the knowledge that the able-bodied men of tho country aro both ready and willing to see that tho decrees of Judicial and legislative bodies aro put Into effect. In now and wild communities where thore la violence, vio-lence, an honest man must protoct himself; and until other means of securing se-curing his safety aro devised, it Is both foolish and wicked to porsuade him to surrender his nrms while the men who are dangerous to tho community com-munity retain tholrs. Ho should not renounce the right to protoct hlmsolf by his own efforts until the community commu-nity 1b so organized that it can effectively effec-tively relievo the Individual ot tho duty of putting down violence. So It Is with nations. Each nation must keop well prepared to defend ltsolf until un-til the establishment of some form of International police powor, competent compe-tent and willing to provent violence as between nations. |