| OCR Text |
Show CEMENT CULVERTS. Prove the Cheapest Because They Last Longest. If it Is necessary to lay a plpo within two feet of tho surfneo of tho roadway, iron water plpo or gas plpo should bo used. For larger volumes of wator culverts of rubblo masonry or Portland-cement concroto may bo built. Very often, with a proper design, de-sign, It will bo found to bo mora economical to ubo tho concrete, particularly par-ticularly It It Is ro-enforced with steel. .fc ' Concrete Culvert End. Largo culvorts nnd brldgos should always bo designed by competent civil engineers nnd constructed under their supervision. Indcod, very often tho advlco of such nn engineer in regard to tho smaller waterways might bo sought with profit. Money Is too often wnstcd from a lack ot knowlcdgo concerning con-cerning tho prop'cr bIzcs ot pipes nnd culverts. In many localities It Is tho custom to extend to tho contor of tho road drlvoways leading from adjacent lands to thn rnncl to meet Its center grade. This practlco makos it necossary to carry tho gutter water under tho drlvu-way drlvu-way In a plpo. Hearty always It Is possible, by regarding such n driveway, drive-way, to mako it colncldo with tho gut-tor gut-tor grado, so that tho surface water will flow by without Interruption This should always bo dono when possible. pos-sible. Pipes with open ends laid nt tho gutter grado nro always unsatisfactory, unsatis-factory, since thoy fill up quickly with loaves nnd sand nnd with Blush In winter tlhio, nnd thus tho surfneo wn-' wn-' tor Is forced out upon tho macadam and soon gullies It. When a plpo Is required, a catch basin should bo built on tho uppor sldo of tho driveway, tho plpo Bhould bo laid to connect with it, and carried sufllclontly far underground under-ground to dlschnrgo proporly into tho gutter bolow tho drlvoway. In cuts whoro tho grado Is in ox cess of thrco por cent, and whero thu soil Is laoso or sandy it Is sometimes necessary to pavo tho uttors with cobblestones or with paving bricks or paving stones to provont tho formation for-mation ot gullies in tho shoulders nnd In tho macadam. Usually a gutter thrco feet In width laid on tho samo or a llttlo greater slopo than tho ma-endam, ma-endam, with an outer row of largo stones about ono foot high laid vertically ver-tically against tho bank of tho cut, is sufllclont. Buch a gutter usually replaces re-places tho shouldor, and It should not bo constructed until tho macudam is substantially completed. |
