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Show PUBLISHED COUNTY ENTERPRISE: Enclosed find f for payment fur (RENEWAL OR NEW) sab criptlon to the COl'NTY ENTERPRISE. OME of the moat fascinating chapter In the book of science deal with tha story of the way the various animals which Inhabit the earth, each after Its own kind, hare come about through long ages of tentative development during a thousand generations. When the fossil remains of other beasts than those we know were first studied at the beginning of the last century, there were many searchings of heart among the pious of that day, and Instead of looking upon them as the most wonderful entries In nature's ledger, some good people regarded them as the malicious inventions of the devil, intended to lead astray the In his book, "The Ox and Its Kindred" (Methuen), Mr. Lydekker tells us the story of our domestic cattle as It Is revealed by the examination of the various species, living wild and In captivity, and by the fossil remains of their progenitors. Although there are a very large number of species belonging to the suborder Artlodactyla (the Greek word artios, meaning equal, and dartuios, toe), which comprises the ox and the other remuninur..& (1. e animals that have the power of regurgitating and remasticating their food), their history is not so well displayed by their fossil remains as that of the hoofed Perissodactyla, or odd-toeanimals, which have only the horse n and some other represen- fashion of their modern brethren, save, perhaps, Jlr. Arnesby Drown and some few others who achieve their greatest triumphs with these subjects. Though Mr. Arnesby Brown, be it noted, seems to prefer the iut-te- r portions of bis models for por-tra- orer-curlou- it ure. Krnm the point of view of the geologist the ox tribe are a modern group, and only date back to the early part of the Pliocene, or upper division of the Tertiary epoch. They are related to the antelopes, and may own cousln-ahl- p v.ifh the gnus of Africa; but their direct ancestors are still unknown. The curliest representatives of the group are very similar to buffar loes. which constitute, in some the most primitive of the living forms, nnd are those whose horns on:e liiMiesi in shape to those of -- half-doze- gnus. tatives. The group is of origin, and the blsons were the only section which reached America. They traveled by way of Behring Strait, and at one time reached as far south aa Texas and California, but never penetrated into South America. Seven aperies of American bison have been Doth families consist, of course, of d hoofed animals; but the ox group differs widely from the horse and Its relations through the special development of the stomach required by ruminants, instead of the simple and almost Imperceptible divisions Into cardjac and pylovlc portions common to man and most other animals. The stomach of the ox has Te chambers, two .of which constitute the rumen, or paunch; in this the grass Is first stored after it Is cut by the, incisors acting against the pad which .takes their place in Identified. The extinct wild cattle of Europe Asia nre called aurochs print!; cuius) ; they were represented in Algeria and Tunla by a local race ( II. t. maurltanlcus). A ami Western I Dos taunts nearly-allie- d to quaintness the artist. Even more strange are the Kathiawar buffaloes of north western India, with their pathetic expres- sion caused by curling their ram-lik- e horns; an ungainly, beast but the upiter Jaw. When the animal has taken in as much food as it requires it seeks a place of safety 'if wild, or settles down in the field if domesticated, and proceeds to regurgitate, that is to say, bring back the food It has taken iq, and chew it up in the powerful mill formed by Its cheek or molar teeth. When the food has been it is taken Into the reticulum, or honeycomb chamber, of the stomach, where it Is acted upon by the digestive juices, and is then passed on through the psalterium, or manyplies, the abomasum and pyloric opening into the small intes- tine. When a ruminant is engaged In chewing the cud, after a mouthful of food has been masticated and swallowed, the animal, as may be seen if a herd of recumbent cows are watched shortly after their meal, will remain perfectly still for a few seconds, after which a kind of convulsive movement will be observed in the throat, followed by the sudden upward movement of a bolus" through the gullet into the mouth to be masticated. The most striking feature in the structure of members of the ox family is the development of the foot. Both the horse and the ox tribe have developed tpwards the one end of great speed over firm ground, and both have become specialized almost as completely as possible; but they have adapted themselves in different ways. In the case of the horse the middle toe has been developed and the others suppressed. The ox and Its tribe, on the other hand, have developed the two cenArtio-daetyltral toes, hence the name of their sub-orde- a. This specialization has entailed an enormous extension of the two bones corresponding to the middle bones of the hand I metacarpal ) and of the foot i met atArsals ) ; these have also become more or less completely fused in the different members of the family, consequently the Joint corresponding to the human wrist has become the knee in oxen. Our illustrations showing the bones of the fore fool of various members of Ariiodactyla and Perisso-daclylthese two will make ibis point clearer lor than much discussion. It will be seen that the hoofed (ungulate) animals really walk on the tip of what corresponds to the finger nails in man and the claws In carnivora, and not on their feet at all, If feet are looked at from the point of view of creatures like ourselves who walk In plantigrade fashion. One of the most fascinating studies In connection with natural history Is the way different members of the same family will modify and adapt themselves to the varying local conditions to be met wilh. A glance at our illustrations will show the wide extent of these variations. At first sight the weird auroch, or wild ox of Poland, recorded by Count von Herbersteln In Hit!), bears a greater resemblance to the phantom of an evil dream than anything we know In our fields und'Varks today; and. no doubt, it owes not a little of its a sub-orderodd-toe- ETw j 22juLr.'r.jr1 y I t powerful. Hands fully five feet high at the shoulder. At the other end of the scale comes the unoa, or pigmy buffalo, of the island or Celebes; it Is the smallest of all the wild cattle, and is about the same size as the dwarf glanl domesticated humped cattle of India. It stands only three feet three inches at the shoulder, though it is rather higher at the loins. Despite its slender build, as compared with larger cattle, its small, neat ears and upwardly-directe- d horns, which incline upwards and outwards in the plane qf the face, without any distinct curvature, the anoa is essentially a buffalo whose afilnitlri are with the Indian species, says Mr. Lydekfer. Although the remains of the bovidae are slight, comparatively speaking, we have evidence that they formed the quarry of the men of the Stone Age, because at Cambriffe the skeleton of an aurochs, or wild ox, is preserved which was killed by a stone weapon, and many other skeletons have been found which show that the animal was lain in the chase. There ia one prehistoric drawing of an extinct buffalo which was found in North Africa; hut as a rule the artists of the prehistoric ages showed very little enthusiasm for the ox as a subject to sketch, in spite of their obviously keen interest In him as sn addition to the larder; their pictures are chiefly concerned with horses, men and dogs. Somewhat after the DREAD CHILDREN OF WAR v'vi Is the great ex- well-know- n Patronize Home Industry Own-Materia- l CIIAS. W. IiUIIL, Tailor Couldnt Fool Jimmie. Away back in 1776, Washington Teacher was 631-3- 2 CONSTITUTION BUILDING, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. the nation's champion. Jimmie Aw! Whatchu glvln' us? The Washington team never won the chainpecnfchip! Judge. SLAVERY. DECE War has had many children since the world began, Ihe new York Mail remarks. Some of them are dead now, but others are alive. War's first born was slavery. The savage who conquered his neighbor in the forest killed him as a matter of course, but he made captives of bis family and his dependents, and these captives were sIhvcs. Dy and by it became so profitable men were not to hold slaves that conquered killed. Inn span! lor a late worse than death. And in (lie measure (hat war drove and spread and becaive vaster and more dreadful, sluveiy spread an.l nourished, tu. It was but yesterday that we ended it in America: and it is not yet gone from tlie earth. Wars next child was pestilence. Put not so hideous as slavery. Kim was hideous! She luilnwa war like a shadow. With the wings of the vulture, site hovers over the cninp. Porn on tin buttle field, she (lies over all the world for lhat point of vantage, and her victims vastly outnumber those of war itself. She Is so closely associated with her blood stained parent that it is probable that if war were no more on the earth there would be no more pestilence as long aa the world endures. Then famine. This sister enme later than pestllenre. and her ravages have been more dreadful. In thin age and quarter of the world we do not have famine In the same guise aa tbat In which she visited the middle ages and still visits Asia. Our people do not die and rot upon tbe streets, ss in Lucknov or Nanking. But famine stays longer with us when she comes. species tinct ox ( D. naniadicus) of the superficial. or Pleistocene, gravela of tha vfclley of the Narbada in Central India. In Northern India, in the Tertiary deiiosits of ihe SIwaliks 11 111b aul other low ranges at tC foot of the Himalaya, remains of several kinds of cattle are met with, and as these Siwalik strata are at least eatly Pliocene, their fossil cattle are the oldest known members of the group. The largest and most remarkable of there Siwalik forms of typical oxen is the one for which Mr. Lydekker proposed the name B. acutifioris. From the aurochs and its relatives this Siwalik ox is distinguished by the sharp longitudinal ridge down the middle or the forehead. More or less perfect skulls of u very type of ox have been obtained Troin the alluvial upper Pliocene deposits of the Val d'Arno In Tuscany, and corresponding formations In Southern France. This extinct Etruscan ox (I), elntus or B. etrusous) represents a distinct subgcmiK known as Iepfobos, and is characterand Tobacco. ized liy the absence of horns in the cows, ami by We servo Coffee and Cakes. those of the bulls arising on each side of the 55 V. 3rd So. St. l'hoiu Was. .50-(We make JiuMicr Si .mips.) skull from a point nearly midway between the PliONE 311-R- . occiput and the socket of the eye; the skull Is also remarkable for Its shortness. Another interesting progenitor of the ox is the great extinct bison (B. prisons) of the caverns and gravels of England and the superficial formations of Europe. This animal differed from the living species in the enormous size of its horns. Bo a tailore d man or woman and command more respect. I have a fuS line of PROVO MILLS WOOLENS at from $22.00 up for Mens Suits an $25.00 and up for Ladies Suits, which I will make to your measure in the Might Make Money, latest fashion. Men's Own Material made up from $15.00 up; Ladies our le Father, daughter being courted by a made up in Suits $lii.mijackets $11.00, Skirls $3.00. When order poet Is that so, mother? I1I kick him out." ing a Suit see me first. Orders left at COUNTY ENTERPRISE Office wi be promptly attended to. I do alterations, repairing, Not so fast. Investigate first and find out cleaning and pressing whether he works for a magazine or for a breakfasin the neatest maimer. t-food factory. X. CRUE TY, FAMINE, . SHLE.vCE PHONE. MURRAY 81 is the expert and urtistlc work that we put upon our shirts, collars, cuffs, fancy vests and colored shirts, at reasonable prices. You never could tell that your garments were not new U you didn't know (hey were your old ones. Lea us launder your next bundle c t aUled linen at the ARSON, PILLAGE AbD and adversity. She visits us in unemployment She drags out her curse over the years. The crust may not be wanting; but the horrible waste and cliargp of the armaments, upon this western world, withhold from the mouths of rmintlcss thousands the nourishing food to which their hard toll entitles them. Famine, ait the child of war. means for us the untold billions th.it arn squandered on battleships which in a few years are Junk, to the robbery of legitimate industry. Hatred between peoples, rrntricidal enmity, la another ihihl of war. This ugly bister of pestilence and famine we have had with us many years in America. Even to this day, after half a century, he waves tier bloody shirt In tire halls Then there is arrogance, which is of congre-s- . war's offspring; and dciclt. tor all is fair in war, and the student in ihe military academy is taught flrsj cf all to fool the enemy with all manner of lies, the baser the better. And arson and pillage are they not the children of war that survive to this day? Iist of all, the ultlnni'e breeding power of war lias been 'Hr is the well expressed by one who said: father of more wars." Never was there n war that did nit leave Its offspring in hatreds that had somehow to be worked out. The world is full today of wars that are merely awaiting their The state of Europe is more like declaration. war than it Is like peace. Every dreadnought, every added regiment of the mighty armaments Is a war child of the monsters that Napoleon am Bismarck 'et loose upon Europe Our Long Suit MURRAY STEAM LAUNDRY We call for and deliver your iau dry free of extra charge. FREE. - THREE WEEKS TRIAL ORDER Please send t Ins COUNTY ENTERPRISE to my address for three weeks free (if charge. If I do not send word to the contrary you may coa tinm- - sending il after the three weeks, mid 1 will send the years sub script ion at an early date. Name Town Box Number It. U |
