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Show Page 12—THE HERALD, Provo, Utah, Wednesday, November4, 1981 Judge Will Consider Jiscrimination Suits WaSHINGTON (UPI) — The Supreme Court has taken on a pair of sex discrimination cases, one protection of the law over whether a state university can keep men out Court of Appeals failed to consider that Hogan could attend at least two other coeducational, state- and the other challenging a Japanese firm's refusal to hire American women as managers. The justices agreed to hear appeals in sepa cases in which the Mississippi University for Women and Japanese-owned Sumitomo Shojhi American Inc. both are fighting to retain their single-sex bias. MUW,the oldestall-female state college in the country, is appealing a court order that found its enrollmentpolicyviolated the rights of a man who tried to enroll at the school Sumitomo, a New York-incorporated, wholly owned subsidiary of a Japanese firm, wants the highcourt to reverse a lower court order that found it has to comply with U.S. antidiscrimination laws ‘The suit against MUW was filed by Joe Hogan, a white male who was refused admission to the schools’ undergraduate nursing programbecause of his sex. The appeals court found the admissions policy violated Hogan's constitutionalright to equal The university maintains the 5th U.S. Circuit Supported nursing programs The Japanese firm was taken to court in 1979 by WAIT TILT FINISH MY SARATOGA men all present or former clerical and rial employees in New York — whoclaimed Sumitomodiscriminated “by restricting them to clerical jobs and by failing to train or promote them to executive managerial and-or sales posi- tions noted the company hires only nese nationals’’ as executives “male en all but one of them U.S. citizens — ompai ated 1964 Civil Rights riminating on the basis of both sex and national origin. In defending its practice, the company argues that a 1953 ‘Treaty of Friendship’ between the United States and Japan allows the companytohire executive andtechnical person and exemptsit fromhavingto of their choice’ obey the Civil Rights Act Amish Explain Objections To Social Security Payments WASHINGTON (UPI) — Kor the Old Order Amish, the words of the Apostle Paul in Ist Timothy 5:8 are central: “If anyonedoesnot provideforhis relatives, and ecpeaiy for his own family, he has disowned the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.”’ Notonly are those words central, membersof the sect take them to mean that the close-knit community, which traces its history back to the 16th century Protestant Reformation, must create a social welfare system to take careofits own. Therefore, to pay for or receive any government benefits is a sin. Lawyersfor the governmentand an Old Order Amish farmer who refused to pay the employer tion of Social Security withholding argued ielae the Supreme Court Monday over whether that perceived sin took precedenceoverthe government’s interest in maintaining a national Social Security system. In 1965, Congress provided an exemption to Old Order Amish believers, and members of some other religious groups, from Social Security taxes as long as they are self-employed But Pennsylvania farmer Edwin Lee, who employed five other sect members in a carpentry business, refused to pay his employer's shareof the Social Security tax. “We don’t question that he (Lee) in good faith and sincerity believes it would be a sin to pay the tax,” Lawrence Wallace of the U.S. Solicitor General's office told the justices during an hourof oral arguments. ButWallace said Congress. in granting an exemption to self-employed Amish,did not intend to grant the same exemption to employers of Amish evenit the employees were members of the same sect. Although the First Amendment's guarantee of religious freedom “‘confers on the Amishthe right to maintain their community,(it) does not remove fen from the obligation’ of taxation, Wallace said. The group. following the Biblical injunction of Timothy, has created its own welfare system and prohibits members from paying Social Security taxes or receiving any benefits from public assistance programs. Members do, however, pay general income taxes and property taxes. The high courtis expected to ne by July in the case, which arose in 1978 when Lee, of New Wilmington, Pa., contested a government order to pay Social Security taxes for five employees. He paid $91 — out of more than $27,000 the government said he owed — and then brought suit demanding a refund. Francis Caiazza, arguing in Lee's behalf,told the court the governmenthadfailed to show ‘‘a compelling state interest’’ that overrides the Amish’'s religious objections andtheir delief in the Timothy passage was crucial ‘for the salvation of their soul.” “They believeit to be a very serious sin,”’ he said. Healso noted that federal employeesarenot part of tlie Social Security system but had their own plan for retirement and disability. Wallace, however, argued Leeandhis lawyersoffered ‘‘no claim that the religious views of the Amishwill be offended by the purposes to which the moneywill be spent.” Supreme Court Justices Disagree Enjoy smoking longer without smoking more. On Death Penalty for Juveniles WASHINGTON (UPI) — Thefateof at least 17 younginmates on death rows across Americarests with an outwardly divided Supreme Court which mustdecide whetherit is constitutional for states to execute juveniles Whenthe high court returned to the benchthis fall, the issue of executing teen-agers developed as onelikely to raise passions on bothsides. It did just that Monday, as two justices engaged in a rare public display of vastly different opinions during oral arguments in the case. The potentially landmark case involves Monty Lee Eddings, who, as a runaway 16-year-old, killed an Oklahoma highwaypatrolofficer with a sawedoff shotgun in 1977. Justice William Rehnquist, a strong supporter of capital punishment. sharply questioned Eddings’ lawyer, Jay Baker. Rehnquist asked Baker, “Why should the taxpayers haveto bear the cost” of confining and treating Eddings for the next 15 to 30 years. Baker responded by noting “the expense of litigation” the state alreadyhas invested — tensof thousands of dollars — in prosecuting Eddings. Rehnquist then bemoaned the cost to taxpayers from endless appeals of death sentences At that moment, Justice Thurgood Marshall — an ardent foe of the death penalty — interrupted. “Tt would have been cheaper just to shoot him right after he was arrested, wouldn't it?” he asked sarcastically, Rehnquist did not respond. Baker went on with his argument, telling the justices that mostof the Western world bansthe execution of juveniles. “The current thought in Europe and South Americais that to execute juveniles is barbaric,” he contended. ‘‘The only purpose I can see in executing a 16-year-old child is retribution — pure and simply vengeance But OklahomaAssistant Attorney General David Lee argue s Should be allowed to execute a juvenile a e has no psychologicaldisorders and is not r ded They'd Rather Quit Than Earn $690.54 in 26 weeks.* Switch Brands DUBLIN. Ireland (UPI) — Astrike by Maintenance men has Teduced toa trickle supplies of Guinness stout Treland’s centuries-old national drink. and some people apparently would rather go dry than accept substitutes “A lot of people have quit drinking altogether since Guinness ran out,’ said Tony Byrne, manage of a downtownpub “Our sales have dropped by between 15 and 20 percent since the strike began two weeks ago,”’ he said. ‘Apparently older people who have been PRUDENTIAL FEDERAL SAVING MonevMarKET SavingsCertificate That’s based on this week’srate: 13.659 % woos (Effective 11/3/81 through 11/9/81) *Based on $10,000 minimum deposit. interest paid on certificate only when held to maturity. Federal regulations prohibit compounding of interest and require substantial penalty for early withdrawal. drinking stout all their lives just can’t take to anything else.” Onethird of pubsin the country report they have no supplies left and the rest say they have only enoughfor another two or three days. The strike by maintenance men objecting to the transfer of a Superviser at the company’s giant Dublin brewery has meant that machinery is not being seviced or repaired. Management Wednesday said it wasstill able to operate but threatened to layoff almostall of the company’s 2,600 employees within a weekif the strike is notsettled. for the latest PFS MoneyMarket Rate Wewrote the bookon it. This free book is available at any PFS Office and is designed to answer questions like: What is a MoneyMarket Certificate? Who are they for? How much interest do they pay? “Wd Prudential Federal Savings Personalized Financial Service 363 North University, Provo, Utah 84601 + Phone 374-934( Low tar SaratoPa 120% ip Morris Ine. 1981 Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoxing Is Dangerous to Your Health 5 mg"'tar,’ 11 mg nicotine av. per cigarette, FIC Report Mar'81 |
