| Show WATER measurement the american of may 27 contains au an article contributed by 0 D lai hiscox M E on the subject of terms of water measurement fur midia irrigation and mill power jy J y it says the c the terms of water measurement seems to be bonit what or has become misleading aling iu in many parts parta tf if the them iu ft a primitive custom ot water mea measure bure meat has been adopted iu in different lu IL cali ties anil and after in momo of its forms been made legal by b the courts in elevation above the sea gea and the lati latitude latigu tuie ie make a blight difference in the flow of water by gravity lor for a length of time tm t small mall tor lor but just enough for a it legal gal quibble when water measure la is referred ferrea re to the courts variation in the furin form of the orifice varies the actual actual delivery per square inch of orifice with all ajl the ot of variation in head bead farin of orifice elevation of locality lalieu jy and ana dissimilarity in the lengthy of orifice ture there tu re is found a variation in the accepted unit gow flow through a square inch of af orifice of over halt a cubic foot per second in this thin view the miners inch ol of water used in the early days of california mining has become a standard etan dard of varying proportion a is in differ different out localities most moat perplexing as aa a definite and legal measure so ao that thai the nominal minera niner ls inch may deliver deli any quantity from to cubic feet of water waier per minute the largest volume for a miners inch i its the measure used at smart vilie yuba county cal called the inch to is derived from a horizontal rectangular alar orifice 4 inches in depth through a 2 inch plank under a head bead of 9 inches frum from the center of the orifice and of the re quiren cluth tor for the total flaws flaw this being iqual to cubic reet feet per minute par square inch ui oi orifice the cidern inch ut of the park canal CADA and mining co el 1 dorado county cal is equal to cubic feet per minute with an orifice two inches deep through a li inch plank head 6 inches above center ol of orifice this being the rating of several ditch companies in Cali california ornia by a series cries ot or experiments at co lumbis hill cal ip lat 89 degreef Ue greef 2900 leet feet above the sea aea cubic feet per square inch per minute was assigned as a mineral miner is inch this being the mow flow per square inch through a rectangular slit elit 60 50 inches long 2 inches deep equal to inches under head bead of 7 laches inches from the center ot of the Bill this biang b also the rate with the north bloomfield and la orange lagrange ditch bitch companies in other parts oi 01 california 60 50 miners inches are rated at 60 cubic leet jeet of water or cubic leet per miners inch the statutory or legal minera miner inch of california is equal to a flow of 1894 1 cubic feet per minute anu is defined as the flow a square orifice I 1 inoh inch in depth by I 1 inch in width through a 1 inch plan it under a head bead of aj 4 inches above the center ot of the orifice in colorado previous to statutory regulations and still in ute ube by agreement 40 miners inches at 60 cut cubic le feet or cubic feet per square inch of orifice under a bead of oil ix inches above the orifice in the bottom ot of the delivery box the stream falling vertically the actual tiow flow being 1666 1556 1 cubic feet feel per minute the rho statutes of colorado now provide that water sold gold by the inch by any individual or corporation shall be measured as follows to wit ever loch inch shall be considered equal to loan an inch square orifice under a 5 inch pris pressure sure and a 6 5 inch pressure shall hall be irom the lop of ef the orifice of the box put into the banks of the ditch to the surface of the water the practice much in use in mon tana tada is ie to deliver the water through a ho slit I 1 inch in depth of chent length for the requires supply under a head beau ot of 4 inches above the ahe head of the slit elit and la is equal to a flow of cubic teet leet per minute per square inch of orifice six and a half inches head above the center of a 1 inch square orifice or a long horizontal gate 1 inch I 1 iu u depth is becoming the more usual practice in california anere the minors miners inch originated aud will no doubt come into general use as aa the most moat tory working condition of water supply for mining and irrigation purposes eee from experiments of the pelton water wheel co the relation of flow under various heads beads and increasing widths of slot with a uniform thick ness of plank and 01 distance stance of orifice from the bottom of the flume becomes interesting in view of the varying practice ep in different states and localities with a square orifice 2 inches to in depth 4 inches wide a 6 5 inch bead above the center of the orifice gave a flow of 1 1348 1848 cubic feet per minute 6 inch head bead 1473 1 cubic feet 7 inch head 1689 1589 cubic feet per minute per square inch of orifice by lengthening the orifice horizontally the flow I 1 creased in quantity per square inch of orifice owing to the increase of area relative to the increase of perimeter so that at 16 inches in width 6 5 inon inan head bead now flow 1366 1365 6 inch head bead 1489 7 inch head bead cubic feet per square inch of orifice for the purpose of irrigation the irrigating duty of water takes taken its if bass base of computation from the flow per second or minute but as an ib this Is is DO not a constant quantity lor for dif different terent localities owing dwing to variation in value in the minors miners inch the acre duty doty will be an uncertainty until some general law jaw fixing a uniform stain standard daru of measure or detail as to bead and area to constitute a unit of measure re to Is made tb extend over the di different nt at states anu ADU territories requiring a system of irrigation As an irrigation term the duty of water means the area of land upon which a definite volume of water applied during a given period will successfully raise orope crops in utah where irrigation laws have largely covered the details of water rights the unit of water measurement is designated as an one cubic foot of water per second exiled the second foot is the standard of expression for water service lor for irrigation and la is equal to cubic feet per day the acre foot to is the equivalent of one acre covered one foot deep or cubic foet feet to which is added the time requirement in utah the second loot Is in equal to two acre leet feet per day 60 acre feet per or month california inches equal I 1 4 acre feet per day and colorado inches eruol 6 16 1 6 acre feet per day the second foot la is becoming popular u lar through ut the western states and territories from its ito definiteness of meaning and understanding at ai d with which there to Is little chance for technical quibble the measurement of water for power in the eastern portion of the united states is the inch under a stated head the inch por or inches meaning the number of square inches opening in a gate or orifice leading to a water wheel under some specified head bead the practice varies largely in differ ent states in new england the water power compi companies knies have specific measures ot gate opening po ning from one foot head upward and also rate by the theoretical horse power for any form orm of flow 0 where no specific head to Is named a 4 leet feet head bead from the center of the gate orifice tu to the surface oi 01 the water in the flume has ban become legalized in some of the states by statute or court decision the height or head bead above or below the statutory 4 feet being reckoned by its relation to the unit in power producing effect this is made the basis basie in water power leases in Wis consi from the time lime ot of the earliest leases iu in that mate in some oases cases the he actual heads are named the valuation of variation in we tiie head bead below and above four feet wi aeu eu named as a unit has been a cause of legal contention in several states and in wisconsin it has been fairly defined that the power derived from a unit orifice varies proportionately abely with the variation of the head and that the area for a given power powe r varies inversely as an the square roots of the heads leu the proportion of in creased bead and the reverse tor for decreased bead |
