Show ET E EDITO T I 1 T 0 E A T Q AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN WARFARE COL charles CHESNEY ney has written and had bad published a gerles geries bf essays in military biography which have elicited considerable sid erable comi comment nent from various writers jn in this tilis country and across the atlantic one feature connected with the subject which has come out in a very salient manner in this discussion is that there is a radical difference in the warfare system of europe and that of america in this that by the force of tradition european generals and armies tacitly acknowledge certain circumstances as indubitable evidences of defeat and american generals and armies never know when they are beaten while they can stand up to fight european soldiers fight conquer or are conquered by science rule precedent and american soldiers mainly by sheer energy and the never give it up spirit I 1 Welling tons refusal to consider himself beaten at waterloo and his consequent dogged 10 retention the field until blucher came up is cited as an exceptional instance A similar difference in warfare is manifest in many of the little irregular nonmilitary non military nights fights in both hemispheres two men or two parties fall out and fight in europe and especially in britain they fight not to annihilate but to defeat each other and certain circumstances are tacitly acknowledged and accepted by both pers persons 1 ons or par as evidences of defeat but in america especially in the west persons and parties who fall out but and tight light often tight night to the death and aud S seem eem anxious only for the utter extermination of each other if the wing of a european army is flanked it is ii generally under stood to be a bignal of defeat derea t so far ani an i of immediate retirement of the flanked army it if the centre is pier pierced c ed and aud broken it is generally understood to imply utter defeat and aud r rout out of the broken army the C aise alse of austeri itz is cited as aa asig nal exa apie aple af pf defeat aud and rout roat roul orom from 71 u ut ii i i i centre pho allied aus 11 it i 4 binl mi lul ruu rut russians fians descended I 1 il A ak mir m veir ir strong strung pusun ou olt the tAt lat zea hei hel heights hellie lle lie and i golit in in tho tile valleys val vai leys less to flank na napoleons Nap oleous lc fc wiil will vying bode his time and at rit the tile decisive moment launched forth his hid battalions broke the allies centre crushed their weaker wing concentrated his forces upon the other othen wing utterly routed the alliea 11 finished the war with a clap elmp of thunder 11 fur for the time subi subjugated northera northern europe and hastened the death of pitt of a broken heart says col chesney 1 1 neither was the frequent frequently lk indecisive indecisive dedi degi sive relt reit of the great battles fought in america any proof that thit they formed exceptions to the ordnary ordinary rules of military science these actions were so inconclusive first finst from deficiency in cavalry and next because the beaten side fould would could not break up tile the amerl american soldiery in thus refusing to yield to panic when losing the day dag retiring in good order and keeping a good front to the victorious army displayed let us venture to believe an inherited quality in order to pursue there must be some one ot run away and to the credit of American americans sl the ordinary conditions of european warfare in this respect were usually absent from the great battles fought across the atlantic hence partly the frequent repetition of the struggle almost on the same ground of which the tho last campaign of grant and lee is the crowning example this american method of hammering away until one side or the other succumbs through sheer exhaustion ha ba and inability to continue the conflict is not peculiar to warfare on this continent in modern times the same kind of warfare prevailed in ancient times alone the wars of the tho ancient americans according to the history of them in the book 0 odmor f mor mon were conducted in much the same manner in the latter part of the fourth century of the christian era em a series of exterminating wars came to an end in what is now a portion of the state of new york all the people being gathered thereabout there about for the last ninal final struggle between two natio nations hg in deadly rivalry and at deadly enmity an account of this thi s last struggle may be found inthe luthe in the book of mormon pages 8 i but hundreds of years previous to this great struggle there was a similar contest occurred in tile the same locality with this merence Terence dlf dif that in this earlier contest both part parties les ies millions of people were exterminated utterly used up as will be seen by a perusal of the tile book bookoff of mormon dormon Sf ormOn pages 6 7 89 1 whatever may be the meaning or the cause of this peculiarity of american warfare wo we shall not now stay to inquire but the fact is one that has commenced to interest thinking minds on both hemispheres the psychological philosophy of this subject Is one of a highly interesting character and not unworthy of the thoughtful consideration of men and women of intellect in the old and the new 1 worlds AMERICAN WARFARE IN our notice yesterday of that d dogged oa peculiarity of american war var fare of fighting it out tp to the bitter endy instead of a an 4 overreached army considering itself deia dela deviated defeated ted at as is usual in european warfare we referred to the existence tlde tide of df the same characteristic in the warfare of the ancient Americ americana anIf as among the modern americans as recorded cord in the book mormon jn in the fourth bourth century after aften christ christ the two principal notions nations of north america became en engaged in deadly warfare aimie with with each oilier and after various contests intervals of peace successes h the gathered together in the tho absy corthern por thern states to to I 1 0 P gat it out still further finally they assembled at and around oi or in the vicinity or of what is now Mand maud manchester hes bes ontario county 1 T iw temir rk with the follow following lg result acco according adl to the book of mormon page 10 5 and it came to pass that when wilen we had llad katli katti gathered eed in all our people I 1 fi one to the land laud of cumorah behold 1 I dormon mormon began to bp be old and knowing it to be the lat last struggle q of my people and having be been en ca commanded of the lord that I 1 should nut not sutter suffer that tha ther lebord records which had llad been handed down by our father fathers which veto vero were vete sacred to fall into info the hands of the lubian laman ites for the Lama nama would destroy them therefore I 1 made this record out of tile the plates on oft nephi and hid up in tile thu hill cumorah cumon b all ail the records which had been entrusted ed tome to me by the hand of the lord save it ivere were these few plates platea which I 1 gave unto my sort moroni and it ltv came to pass that my people with their wives and their child children rely relf ild iid lid did now behold the armies of the Lama marching towards them and with that awful fear of death which nils nills the breasts oft off alithe wicked did they await to receive them ani and it came to pass thail that they came to battle against us and P every 1 ers ery soul was wai filled with tp terror aror i bec bee because ause abse of the greatness of their numbers and it came to pas that I 1 they did fal fai lupon fall fali upon my people with thos thoa theford the word and with the bdie bowland and aud with ith the arrow and with the axe and with all map manner ner of weapons of war and it came topas to pass that my men were hown hewn down yen yea even my ten thousand who were with me and I 1 fell wounded in the midst and they passed by me that they did id not put an end blid to my rny life and when they had gone through and hewn down all my people save it were twenty hud bud four of us a niong whom was my son moroni and wo we having survived the dead of our people did behold on the morrow when the Lama had returned unto their camps from the top of the hill cumorah the ten thousand of my people who oho ho were hewn down being led in the front by me and we also beheld behold the ten thousand of dof my people who were led by my son bon moroni and behold the ten thousand of donah had fallen and he also in the midst and lamah had fallen with his ten thou thousand rand tand and gilgal galgal had bad fallen with his ten thousand and had fallen with his tep ten thousand and joneak had fallen with his ten thousand and camen ibah and Moroni hah and antio antim hiim and and and aud josh josi had fallen with their ten teli thousand each I 1 and und it came to pass that there were eten ten more more wh who did fall by the sword with their thair ten thousand each yea even oveil all my people save it were those twenty and fo four ur who were with me and also a few who had escaped into the south countries anda and Q few who had dissented the Lama had fallen and their flesh and bones and blood lay upon the face faco of the earth heling heing left by Y the hands banas of those who slew them to moulder moui moul det upon the land and to crumble and to return to their mother earth but still greater struggles of this same exhaustive and exterminate fhe character happened in north america amerle a many hundred bundred years previous to those to which the extract above quoted refers A much more nidre ancient people became ingolv ed edin in wa wars P with eath each ot herand they pursued the fielce strife with similar lar bitter relentless relentlessness ness and unto duto even I 1 4 A apor gioie e cohl complete ae destruction not one alone but b both parties being exterminated after describe describing ing ang much bloodshed the book of p pages akes ages 7 says sayd and it came to pass that shiz pursued after and lie did overthrow many cities and he did siby slay siry both women and children andee and he did I 1 burn the cities thereof and thero there went vent I a fear of shiz sh lz throughout all the laud land yea a cry went forth the land who can stand before army or of shiz behold he swee peth the earth carth before him and it came dame to pass that the people began to flock to together in armies throughout all ali tei tee the face of odthe the land and they abre were divided and part of them fled td thearty the army of shiz and part of them nned fled to the aminy army of corlan corian turbie humr alid aija and ard so great and lasting had beon tile the war and so long had been tho the see ste scene seene rie of bloodshed arid arld carnage manage that the whole face of the landaas land was covered cohered with the bodies of the had bad aa J and ad so swift and speedy was the war ar that there was none left to bu buny bury ry the dead afi but they did march forth from the shedding of bf blood 0 the shedding of blood leaving leavin g tife the bodies of both men women alrid and cb children ildren lidren strewed upon n thi the face of the land to become a prey to the worms of khe the hesh desh had and the scent thereof went yent forth upon the hace dace of the tife jand land even upon all thie rade mace or the lanz lana land wherefore the people became troubled bled bied by day and by bk night because of the scent thereof nevertheless shiz did not cease to pursue for he ha dworn to avenge aimse himself f upon of the blood of his brother who had been beer slain and it came to pass that shiz did pursue eastward evan even to the the border bordens bf the sea shobe shoie and there lie iid gave battle battie unto shiz for the he spade of three days wand and so ter terrible riffle was ds the destruction among the armies of shiz that the he people began to be frightened and began to nee flee before ole oie armias armies of corlan corian humr and they nned ned to the land of Cor ihor ands off the inhabitant before th them emall emali all ali they that would not I 1 join them and they pit pitched cheI chel their tents in irl the tho valley of C Cor ihor and pitched his hib tents tenta in the valley of N now tow the valley of shurn was near the hill comanor wherefore corian humr did gather his armies together upon the i jill hill coldor and did sound a t trumpet unto the armies of shiz to invite them forth to battle i and it came e to pass that tiley came forth hut but were driven again and they came the second time and they were driven the second time and it came to pass that they came again the third time a and nd th the a b battle battie a 0 eo became became exceeding sore and it came to pass that shiz smote upon Corlan corian that ho he gave him man many y deep wounds and having lost kis his 1413 blood fainted and was carried away at as though ha were dead now the kossof loss of men women and children on both sides was 8 so 0 great that shiz commanded his people that they should not pursue the armies of wherefore they returned to their camp after this finding that nearly two millions of his people had been slain made made overtures of peace to shiz who offered ed to accept them for the people providing Cori corl antu mir was kiven given up to him for death of cou course arse this tins offer was declined and after a awhile while the two nations fell feli to fighting oltof each ather again dg crain continuing tho war until they found themselves I 1 in u this same new york state here is U the I 1 ci sequel of the struggle quoting from the tho book of mo Sf ormin min pago go ais ff 9 and it came to pass that the army of did pitch their tents by the hill ramah damah and it was that same hill where my father i mormon did illde ilide up the records unto the lord which were sacred f and fand it came to pass that they did gather together all the people upon all the face of the land who bad had bad not mot been blain slain save it was ether and it came to pass that ether did be nil nii all the people and nd he beheld thaIr that the people who were for were gathered together to the army of and the people who were for shiz ghiz were gathered together to the army of shiz wherefore they were for the space of four years gathering together the people that they might get all who were upon the nace naco of the land larid and that they might receive all the strength which it was pos possible able that they could receive and it came to pass that when they tiley were all gathered together every one to the army which hei he would with their wives and their children both men women and armed with weapons of war having shields shield and breast head plates and being clothed after the manner of war they did march forth one against another to batt battle le and they fought all that day and and conquered not and it came to pass that when it was night they were weary camps and after they had retired to their camps they took up a howling nud and a lamentation forthe for the loss of the tha slain of their people and so greal great wore were their cries their howl ingland lamentations that it did rend read the air exceedingly and it came tame to pass that on the morrow they did go again to battle and great and terrible was that day nevertheless they conquered noti note not and when the night came again they did rend the air i with their cri crl cries erles as and an d I 1 heir howlings how bow lings and the their ir mourn ings for the loss of the slain of their people i c and it came to pass that they I 1 fought all that day and when the night came they slept upon their swords and on the morrow they fought dought even until the night came and when the night came they were drunken with anger even asa as a man who js is drunken with wine and they slept again upon their sword swords 3 and on the morrow they fought nought fought a again aln ain and ands when the night came muae they find llad had all fallen by the |