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Show Page C4 THE HERALD, Provo, Utah, Thursday, November 22, 1990 last living signer of Warsaw JPaet:rofleeilsrlooEis'&hoaca BUDAPEST, Hungary (AP) -Andras Hegedues was 32, a peasant's son and committed Communist, when he went to Warsaw as premier of Hungary in May 1955 to help found an alliance he believed could ensure peace in Europe. years later, after Thirty-fiv- e much reflection and a personal rebellion that got him expelled from the Communist Party, Hegedues has very different ideas about peace and the Warsaw Pact's ability to guarantee it. The Soviet-le- d military alliance created on May 14, 1955, is fading into history, helped by a vigorous push from his own country. Hegedues is the only living signer of the treaty. Hungary revolted in 1956 and Soviet tanks rushed in. Hegedues and other Communist faithful were Committed Communist thought Warsaw Pact would ensure peace m no of 1968. st Hegedues eventually was expelled from the Communist Party and forced to retire Into writing and study. In 1979, he helped found the European Nuclear Disarmament group. These days, he worries about how to keep history from repeating itself. "The Warsaw Pact is now actually a piece of fiction," he said in an interview. "The military command zy A. longer has an army at its disposal. It's a group of generals without soldiers." On Nov. 3, officials of the six Warsaw Pact members met in Budapest to divide up what conventional weapons they may keep under an East-Weagreement to be signed Monday in Paris. It may be their last major decision. Hungary and Czechoslovakia want the alliance to finish its military business in 1991, and other members appear to agree. In the last year, Communist regimes have fallen throughout the former Soviet bloc. East Germany has ceased to exist, and the united Germany so feared in Moscow and other Eastern capitals is a fact evacuated to Moscow during the bloody fighting that followed, and he began to reconsider his beliefs. He criticized the next use of Warsaw Pact tanks against a invamember, when a Soviet-le- d sion crushed the "Prague Spring" ltL IV 3f if X 0 Iserpbuto Reading about freedom groups on a bulletin board set up in the main square. up-to-d- Bulgaria more democratic, but divided -year after more duction is down last year. SOFIA, Bulgaria (AP) Bulgaria is democratic a a Politburo coup ousted Stalinist leader Todor Zhivkov, but it also is a divided nation heading for economic disaster. Many Bulgarians were taken by surprise when Zhivkov fell Nov. 10, 1939, after 35 years in power. Dissidents and ordinary people celebrated, but there has been little cause for rejoicing since. Life is the poor. 30 and reformist parties, he said, the Socialists have become a deadlocked hybrid of Stalinists and Social Democrats. percent from hardest for pensioners and "These food lines, these prices; this is death for older people," said Maria Ivanova, 64, waiting in a chill rain for a store to open. "We are eight people at home," said Stefka Savova, 61, who had waited three hours to find only milk and rationed bread available. "We have a baby there and they give us just five cartons of milk. I don't have sausages, meat or cheese." Mrs., Savova, a retired nurse with a monthly pension equivalent to $14, said she had thought Zhiv-kov- 's fall was the beginning of a brighter future. Exhorting Bulgarians into the streets of Sofia, the fledgling opposition forced talks in January with the governing Communists, who hurriedly began implementing reforms after Zhivkov was thrown out. In June, as a result of the negotiations, Bulgaria held its first free elections in 58 years. Instead of solving the nation's problems, however, the elections seemed to create more. The Communist Party, now On the other side, the the Union of Democratic Forces is united only in wanting the former Communists out of power. the Socialists, became unique among former masters in the Soviet bloc by winning at the Dra-gano- nt economic strength. At the Warsaw Pact signing, the Soviets went out of their way to emphasize civilian control, even to the clothing worn by Soviet Premier Nikolai Bulganin, Hegedues and leaders of Albania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania and East Germany. Albania left the pact in 1968, after breaking with Moscow. The atmosphere in Warsaw was informal and the generals were kept in the background. "I took a dressy suit, but I never wore it once," Hegedues recalled. 144. It required six weeks for the chose a president, assembly former UDF leader Zhelyu Zhelev, and longer to approve an government. Endless argument by deputies of the opposition alliance, and divisions among the former Communists, have made it impossible to pass legislation on foreign investment, selling state companies and other economic and political reforms. UDF members refuse to support Premier Andrei Lukanov or join a Socialist-lecoalition. Although polls indicate the UDF would win if elections were held now, many Bulgarians are critical of the opposition's conduct in Parliament. Frustration, fear and tension have increased in the streets. A mob burned the governing party's headquarters in September after smashing windows and demanding the Communist red star be removed from the roof. The charred walls and the empty mausoleum next door that once housed the embalmed body of Communist founder Georgi Dmitrov removed and reburied in July symbolize the collapse of Stalinism. Bulgaria's economy seems about to collapse with the old regime, and Sofia is preparing for a bleak winter. Harvests were ruined by the driest summer in 32 years. Meat, cheese, milk and even bread are rationed, and prices of available goods rise steadily. Power cuts to factories and homes are routine. Industrial pro to KS IKS 3 5 K 3 IfS 3 3 fS Croatian writer Slavko Mihalic pulist leader, says he will enlarge in Serbs from other regions if the federation disintegrates. When Croatian police tried to recover hundreds of guns stolen from government armories by local Serbs, banner headlines in Serbia said: "Croatian Police Throw Serbian Infants Around" and "Fascist the republic to take Terrorists Sent to Subjugate Serbs." Stories below the headlines in the dailies Politika and Politika Ekspres did not support the allega- tions. They quoted sources," unnamed and not described, echoing Serbian claims that Croatian police recruited "fas0 cist terrorists" to harass the Serbs in Croatia. , "Poison seeps from the pages of Politika in all directions," said Croatian writer Slavko Mihalic. "Everybody is denounced for one thing or another, and that includes any Serbs who dare oppose Milos"well-inform- 500,-00- evic." Media in Slovenia and Croatia have accused Milosevic repeatedly of fomenting ethnic turmoil. In the Croatian parliamewnt, deputy Stjepan Mesic waved a copy of Politika and declared: "Milosevic is guilty of stirring up the trouble in Croatia." Belgrade television reported "all-ocivil war" between Serbs and Croats in Croatia, although no one ut government's v, 3 S tfS S 3 KS 153 Up to 30 ' g I jf Q 5 ISS 3 IS S fe3 S J cA' '' I i ' Unique, jj j I Ij I' clocks. must-hav- e I t 1 I chriun" Z m fiallnn I 'Share The Moment With Howard Miller ofer 8001 thru I Ij d tt ti.. off suggested retail. much more. 1 ' Z uge for Communists," hard-lin- e Vjesnik declared. Calls for fairness by opposition parties and independent journalists are ignored by Serbian television Politika. and the In June, police with clubs broke up a demonstration against biased coverage, beating several intellectuals and opposition leaders. Television did not show what happened and said protesters atonce-respect- ed tacked the police. A television newscast in Croatia that included footage of the violence was not broadcast in Belgrade. "Two-third- s of what the Belgrade media say is lies," said Vuk Draskovic, head of the opposition Serbian Renewal Movement, which threatens to boycott the December elections unless unbiased coverage is guaranteed. mm D " Richly detailed heiriool pieces and I - Z To tighten the grip on Serbian media, Milosevic and his Communist supporters have fired or demoted hundreds of independent-minde- d journalists. After the latest round of 20 demotions, the daily Vjesnik in Zagreb, capital of Croatia, accused Serbs of concepts "pushing their hard-lin- e to the brink of intercommunal violence to avoid holding free elections." Serbia has scheduled elec-ilo.- is fu Dec. 3. "Civil war may be the last ref- eco- much-neede- d nomic reform program, or accept anything less than the leadership of a coalition government, threatens to dash hopes of economic recovery. Until the stalemate is resolved, foreigners have little reason to invest in Bulgaria. : '"TT v!ti' cu "fa 10 Gallon ! iT3ffiMHT3B njnfTiTTiT0?-.i'f- 20 Gallon ! ! 29 Gallon INCANDESCENT: SET FLUORESCENT FLUORESCENT ati SET FLUORESCENT SET NOW NOW NOW NOW $4495f : : 38 Gallon 55 Gallon i FLUORESCENT SET FLUORESCENT SET $3795! : ; ; $841 : : $104! 5 I 1 ' ' j" j r .fc m( JMr j w DIAMOND REMOUNTS WATCH AND CLOCK SERVICE 4 JEWELRY & TROPHIES INC. 184 West Center Provo, Utah 84601 0 NOW : I NOW L5.1J.?.95! i t The AQUA REMEMBER!! We Have TANK: 2 gallon hex PUPPIES tank WHILE THEY LAST! I l$2195!! I Z Z I Mih ifmlin in mind Herb, Brad or K rry Hoover I z : : z PET CENTER 210 East 1300 South (Pwky. CenterWest of Fred Meyer OREM; & KITTENS I hir thou R (801)373-527- I I I I IN MULLETT-HOOVE- t t 1 in- jured. L0W0UT SAL!" 168 weekly, business-oriente- d Prime Time Z had been killed or seriously ty Hours, expressed the public impatience: "What kind of moral respect can (deputies) win if they argue for a week over what their salaries should be?" he said. Opposition refusal to support the KHoward Miller I I effort to redraw borders can keep Central Europe from becoming a battleground once more. 'Poison seeps from the pages of Politika in all directions.' 400-se- at (J.KS Hegedues feels disarmament, Political polarization and the Parliament is "incompetent and rather weak," said Dragomir a reform-minde- d deputy for the newly named Socialists. Instead of either uniting to govern or splitting into into orthodox polls. The stunned opposition Union of Democratic Forces accepted the result, but has seemed unable to live with it. Little has been accomplished in the Parliament, where the former Communists have 211 members and the opposition alliance st coming winter "create perfect conditions for every populist," Draga-no- v said, and a succesful one "could liquidate even the small gains we have made on our way to democracy." Petyo Bluskov, editor of a new "We expected things to get better, and they have gotten worse," she said. "I can do nothing ... only walk through the streets and cry." Legislators share the sense of helplessness. called The Warsaw Pact, signed a few days after West Germany joined the NATO alliance in 1955, seemed to him a way of protecting Hungary from Germany. East-Weideological confrontation was at its peak. There were fears of a third world war and Hegedues accepted Josef Stalin's image of the West. "It was a totally irrational image of a enemy, but it played a strong role," he said. Hegedues believes Stalin wanted war, but that Nikita S. Khrush- - BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (AP) -Truth has been critically wounded, at the very least, by partisan journalism that inflames the bitter ethnic rivalries of this patchwork nation. Yugoslavia's freewheeling press, once the most open of Eastern Europe, has become increasingly provincial, entangled in local conflicts. The trend is evident in all six Yugoslav republics, but the state-ru- n press and television of Serbia seem to lead in the way. Headlines scream "Hellish Police Hunt on Serbs" over accounts of routine investigations in Croatia. An article on federal reforms aimed at creating a market economy is introduced with: "Serbian Economy Knifed in Back." Accusations flying between Communist-ruled Serbia, the largest republic, and the freely elected governments of Slovenia and Croatia have created such animosity that Yugoslavia may not survive. Serbs and Croats, the largest ethnic groups in this nation of 24 million, have been rivals since 1918, when the country was born as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was reconstituted as a communist republic in 1945. Political and economic differences accentuate the ethnic divisions in a power struggle that began with the death in 1980 of Josip Tito, who founded the postwar nation and held it together. Croatia and Slovenia want Yugoslavia to be a loose confederation of sovereign states. Serbia insists on a "modern federation" with power still centralized in Belgrade, the Serbian and federal capital. Slobodan Milosevic, Serbia's po- - ?j Residents of the Western Ukrainian city of news on the activities of Lvov get bytheSS. over Yugoslavia's future ; AP tor by 1955, was more Interested in' expanding communism through Media fight headline war & 4 chev, who had succeeded the dicta- once again. As a Communist In World War II, Hegedues lived through the Nazi occupation in a Hungarian jail run "The word came down from the Soviets what Bulganin was going to wear, and everybody else dressed accordingly." In 1990, still Involved in research and investigating the roots of Europe's postwar division, Hegedies rejects the rationale for the Warsaw Pact He believes the Western Allies' decision to invade Italy in 1943 rather than drive toward Germanjr from the Balkans was partially intended to cause the Soviet Union more casualties and weaken it after the war. Instead, the West gave away Eastern Europe. are already vaccinated!! All |