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Show WINGS ANtT RUDDERS TAIpFINS ' " FIN LESS (SWIVELS ENGINE) ... I. ' " ' '' J : 2 I ' It Airframe is body of missile. RAMJET in- cludes steering mechanism. Some use wings and rudders; some have only tail fins; some swivel engines the same as outboard motorboats. 3 Guidance system tells missile which way to steer. Radar types use reflected echoes; homing types, im pulses from target; inertial types use gyros; celestial types track the stars. TURIOJET 4 SOLID ROCKET LIQUID ROCKET is power that throws missile. Ramjet and turbojet engines are Elgin "air-breather- can't operate s," out- and engines go anywhere. side, atmosphere. liquid-rock- et Solid-rock- et the things every citizen should know about the fantastic developments of the space age. and ballistic missiles. Text explains basic difference. Short-rang- e Army artillery weapons. types are front-lin- e , "'v V. "tV-- including the stack two, three, or more missiles on top of one another. Multi-stag- long-rang- " e missiles, satellite-launcher- s, A ' Ill Matador take-of- f Jupiter k ji IRBM missiles and airplanes. It also works on Newton's principle of action and reaction, with one basic difit carries ference. A rocket engine is self-contain- ed; both fuel and oxidizer and operates independently of the outside atmosphere. A jet engine carries only fuel, getting its oxidizer (oxygen from the air) in flight. Instead of one opening, it needs twoj its gets air through the front opening, but blows 'its exhaust out the rear opening the same as a rocket. The thing to remember, then, is that a jet engine is an "air breather" and can't operate outside the earth's atmosphere, while a rocket engine can. are there?. and turbojet. ramjet How many kinds of jet engines uAmmM - ,.A&a&&iat;awtfcig. Snark, 5,000-mil- e guided missile ... and military establishments throughout the country and interviewed experts in the Pentagon and at the missile testing center at Cape Canaveral, Fla. This resulting article is an gap bettoeen our attempt to bridge the arsenal of missilesandwhat the r average citizen knows about them. euet-toident- ing - A ramjet engine is ptly called a "flying stovepipe." It's practically a hollow tube with no moving parts. The air enters the front end, is mixed with fuel and burned, and the hot gases are blown out the rear end. Its advantage is simplicity; its disadvantage is that it can't draw the air in, but must be flown fast enough through the air so that the air is literally "rammed" into the front end. A ramjet engine, then, needs auxiliary power such as booster rockets for take-of- f. Once in flight, however, it's capable of supersonic speeds. A turbojet engine has moving parts. One of them, the compressor, draws air in the front end and forces it into the combustion chamber. Another, the turbine, is, mounted off the same shaft as the com- - taff writer Kevin V. Brown was a fighter pilot during World War II and has since been a member of the Air Force Reserve. To gather material for this special Family Weekly article, Ke recently visited civilian ast-GToto- r..'. 'V. .iin V, T Two Intermediate- - and intercontinental-rang- e types replace e bombers, can carry thermonuclear warheads, ng ' renin..,, f I i Z II A . 'fi Atlas ICBM I J t J I Aihe:m-- ' Vanguard Jupiter-- C pressor and is spun by the exhaust gases. Thus, as the exhaust rushes toward the rear opening, it spins the turbine, which spins the compressor, which draws in more air. So the whole cycle is continuous until the fuel supply is cut off. problem, Ramjet engines, because of the take-o- ff to few confined in missiles. use are a Turbojet engines, because they can be started on the ground, are widely used in both missiles and airplanes. . What is a missile? , ,It's something that's thrown. In modern a missile is something that can throw itself and change its course in flight Depending on its size, it's anything from an "intelligent" bullet to a pilotless airplane. It consists of four things: the thing that's thrown (the pay load), the power that throws it (the engine), the thing that aims it (the guidance system) , and the body that holds the whole terms,-however- thing together (the airframe). How many kinds of airframes are there? As many as there are kinds of missiles. Each missile is built for a different purpose .with different equipment, and each needs its own body design, the same as airplanes or automobiles. An important part of the airframe is the control system, or steering mechanism. Some airframes have wings and rudders, - Family Weekly, June 29, 195S 27 -- v. J |