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Show V .Vernal Express, Wednesday, June 14, 2006 it It's hot out here: How to help kids avoid heat related symptions By Ann Archer With summertime in full swing and temperatures skyrocketing, sky-rocketing, it is important not to forget that overheating can cause injury and illness. There are several deaths each year in the United States due to heat related causes. Children are more susceptible to heat than adults, and it is important to always be aware of temperatures tempera-tures when you might be out and about this summer. Most symptoms of heat exhaustion can be prevented using smart "hot sense." There are several signs and symptoms to watch for in heat related injury. Excessive sweating, sweat-ing, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, and heat rash are common symptoms of heat exhaustion. In young children, vomiting and heat rash are the most common symptoms. Heat stroke is a more severe heat injury that can lead to death. Signs of heat stroke include elevated body temperature, tempera-ture, disorientation, and hot, dry, flushed skin. Heat stroke is the result of elevated brain temperatures that can lead to seizures, stroke, and death if left untreated. In the United States, 8,000 people have died from heat related injury in the last 20 years as reported by the Centers for Disease Control. Many of these deaths are related relat-ed to children being left inside a car without ventilation in extreme heat. In children, heat injury is more common because of several sev-eral factors. First, children have a higher surface area of skin as related to body weight and therefore, are more susceptible sus-ceptible to hot and cold environmental envi-ronmental conditions. Second, children have a higher metabolism metabo-lism which means they already have a greater amount of body heat to expel under normal circumstances. If the environment environ-ment contributes to increased heat, the child has to try twice as hard to dissipate the heat. Third, children have less effective effec-tive sweat glands than adults. Since sweating and evaporative evapora-tive cooling are the body's main defense against heat, if this system is not working efficiently, efficient-ly, then overheating can occur more quickly. The most effective method to overcome heat related injury is hydration. Dehydration, or lack of adequate total body fluids, can contribute to heat injury in several ways. When a person is dehydrated, the body has a higher temperature and increased difficulty in cooling because of the lack of necessary neces-sary sweat production. Children are less likely to want to drink when dehydrated because of fatigue and nausea, plus stubbornness stub-bornness of will, can make coercing of fluids extremely hard, especially in toddlers. Children also have less precision preci-sion in fluid balance due to immature kidneys and are more likely to lose electrolytes,, mainly salt, via the kidneys. Because of the importance of hydration in maintaining body temperature, it is imperative that fluids are replaced quickly and appropriately. The composition of fluids given to treat dehydration and overheating are important. Water is the main fluid given to keep the body hydrated. However, in infants, too much water can be life threatening threaten-ing because it can dilute the amount of electrolytes in the body. There are electrolyte solutions solu-tions available to give infants that are specifically made for this purpose (i.e. Pedialyte, infalyte). Fluid with electrolytes electro-lytes also increases the desire to drink, therefore improving improv-ing fluid consumption even in small infants. Older children also need fluids with electrolytes, electro-lytes, especially salt, when exercising and with sweating. Beverages with carbonation or a lot of sugar should be avoided avoid-ed if possible. Most juices and sports drinks have adequate amounts of electrolytes to avoid symptoms of heat injury. Avoidance of heat overexposure overex-posure altogether is the best way to prevent heat injury. Activities and exercise should be done early in the morning or in early evening hours. Air conditioning in homes and cars can be very useful tools to cool the body in extreme heat. Fans may provide comfort in hot conditions, but are not helpful in reducing heat injury because they do not act to cool the body. Cool water baths can be used in an environment where air conditioning is unavailable. Children should never be left in the car exposed to heat, even for a few minutes. And of course, the most important of all, is to keep drinking those fluids all summer long to beat the heat. Ann Archer practices pediatrics pediat-rics at Ashley Valley Medical Center. 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Please vote Rolene Rasmussen, "The Right Candidate for the Job.H Paid Political Ad While most kids cannot wait for summer vacation to start, last week some students actually actual-ly wanted to be back in school Those were the students who signed up for Bugs, Guts and Microscopes: Summer Science Fun. Science teacher Stephen Borton has been offering this summer class to students for 16 summers now. It is but one of many summer programs sponsored spon-sored by the Uintah Recreation District. Dennis Spackman of the Mosquito Abatement program, pro-gram, also helps out when he stops in to teach the students about mosquito life cycles and the diseases mosquitoes can spread. In the class, middle school age students get to dissect frogs, baby pigs, grasshoppers and crayfish. In the process they learn about the heart and lungs, the liver and stomach, as well as the muscles, brain and kidneys. It is also a great chance to learn some comparative anatomy, as they examine the differences between mammals, amphibians, amphib-ians, insects and arthropods. In addition, they do microscope studies of mosquito larva and other insects. Plus they spend some time in the computer lab doing science simulation activities. activi-ties. In all it proves to be a fun way for young minds to learn about anatomy, biology, classification, classi-fication, and life processes. For a number of students, this fun class has been a first step into future careers in medicine. Borton says that one of the things that keeps him teaching the class is the enthusiasm of the kids. These students really enjoy hands-on learning. Their curiosity is self-motivating, making the class a lot of fun to teach. "The Bugs and Guts students display many talents; as I teach them I can see the scientists, engineers and doctors of the future getting their start right before my eyes," Borton said. 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