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Show ) > REPORWIAJ REPORWIAJor ft r or ON 1 1wl wl THE THERUSSANS tlE tlERUSSIAt4S RUSSIAt4S RUSSANS . . . . . . . . . a r # - ra rK rsl W . L . K sl White h INSTALLMENT IIoSTALLl\IENT IIoSTALLl IENT IASTALLMENT ! \ SIXI SIXIf SIX SIXB - I IIf B If allowed this much freedom trecdom onemight one onemfght cmmight mfght might want the right to quit . his bc fac bctory factory factory tory Job and end nd start a crossroad storeexploiting store storeexploiting ttoreexploiting exploiting I113 hIs neighbors by sellingthem selling sellingthem sellinithem them merchandise from a temptingly temptIngJy temptIng Jy ly , convenient location thus disrupt disrupting disrupttug disruptSns ing tug the plans of the Soviet FoodCommissariat Food FoodCommissarla FootCommissariat Commissarla Commissariat t . . . They would point out that under undercapitalism undercapitalism undeicapitalism capitalism such little lIttJe men often oftenmake oftenmake ottermake make mistakes locating crossroadstores crossroad crossroadstores crossroacttores stores where there Is no need for forthem forthem (01them 01them ( them and then go brokeHere brokeHere broke brokeHere Here competit on with the state 15 is 15outlav.ed isoutlawed Isoutlawed outlav.ed outlaved outlawed . so Inefficiency Is protected protectedand protectedend protccttcend and end the people accept It becausethey becaus because becausethty becausthty < tht-y tht y they - - know noth ng better Occa Occasionally Occasionally Occationally sionally tome some Russ an expert re returns returns returns turns from trom abroad with the newsthat ne"s nes news ne"sthat newsthat " that keen capitalist competition has hasdeveloped hasdeveloped haadeveloped developed a cheaper quicker w " , Bay ay ofdoing of ofdomg oldoing domg doing something Then It If he can get getIn getIn getIn In to tee see the Important commissars commissarsand commissarsand commissarsand and beat down the natural Inertia ofa ofa ot of a bureaucracy the new system Is Isinstalled isinstalled ifinstalled installed throughout the Soviet SovietUnion SovietUnion SovietUnion Union But more often than not capI capt capItalism capttalism cpltollsrn * talism pioneers while wlule wiule socialism onlycopies only onlycopIes onlycopies onlycopiesWe copIes copIesWe We continue on out the paved road roadWhen roadWhen roadWhen When it ft ends we bump over ruts rut * to toGerman toGerman toGerman [ German fortifications fortlftcations They are neat a i , R 1 1t3 A t3A t3 t3s t3s t3a s s a . ' 4 ) a 9 sa saRussian Russian women built bll11t many mall7 forll- forll font forllcaUons forlt-flcatlons forlt flcatlons - - . caUons Ecations dnrinc during the warand war warand and orderly like German entrench entrenchments entrenchmeats entrenchments ments meats everywhere everyv.here everyvhere . At this point pomt the theGerman theGerman theGerman German line hne ran through a little httle clua clue cluater clueter cluiter ter ot of bouses houses which whIcb was a co-opera co opera cooperative cooperalive co-operatlve co operatlve - - - tive live farm and had been heavily heavilyshelled heavilyshelled heavilyihelled shelled by Russian artillery because becausenear becausenear becausenear near It the Germans located one oneof oneof oneof of the big liege siege guns " , which hicb pounded Leningrad poundedLeningrad . . . The Germans got their theirgun theirgun theirgun gun out but its great emplacementremains emplacement emplacementremains emplacementremains remains a careful job of concretework concrete concretework concretework work and camouflageAlready camouflageAlready camouflage camouflageAlready Already the people are returnIng returningWe We see three ragged women pIcking pickingabout about the ruins nuns trying to put on oneend one oneend oneend end of a room a temporary roof roofwhich roofwhich rootwhich which willshelter will ihelter shelter a ttove stove trom from ( rom the therain therain therain rain . . . Ashy A thy shy chunky nineteen year old yearold girl dragging from trom anotherruined another anotherruined anotherruined ruined pttsesu passesUI passesus house a heavy rafter passes UI us butthey on the path She Is In ragt rags but handhave handshave they are clean rags Her hands * have calluses ai as thick ai al as those ot of a toremason ItOl'emason ItOlemason Storemason aItOl'emason aStoremason ' toremasonLeningrad ItOl'emasonLeningrad StoremasonLeningrad Leningrad I s * people are ar tremen tremendously dously proud of their 01 city and re- re re - - gard regard themselves as culturally IUpe- IUpe supe- supe - - - upe-rior upe rior IUperlor superior rlor rior to the rest of Russia They are tohold also arealso lso proud Pf0"1 Pf01 " ! ttat that they were able to hold the Germans Germane German * for v . weary eary itarv stare itarvfl8 Itarv1ng stareing 1ng ing 1ngmonths months 01 * at the clty city s a * eate gates * and , fl8 anddnally andfinally finally hurl them back . . They are con temptuous contemptuous of Moscow which they theyhave have alway alwaYI always * regarded as a * an over overtrown overerown overgrown erown grown peasant village vlllage but particu particuswept particularJy particulady larJy lady , now because of the panlc panic which whichIwept whichswept swept Iwept Germanwere Germanswere Moscow when the Germans * were at ita its it * gatesHl:1fway gatesHalfway gates Kt'ttw7 Ktttw7 Hl:1fway Hl1fway Halfway ! : ' * lcrosl across Leningrad we en tered entered the Church Churchof of St Nicholas The church was built In two eleva tions dons and as we cllmbed climbed the stairs We heard singing We had blundered in fn on choir . Practice allwomen They were all mil women in early ZS-S ZS S middle age - wen well very dressed by SovIet SovIetstandardl Sovietstandards standardl standards and decently dressed - - who whoSAecX-tb1 whoSAecX tb1 rhimself Presently apologized there because appeared - the . a Father > man r himselfwal himselfwas himself wal was wa . not here her:8 her8 : but butF volun teered Leered to show us the various altars altarsand and the miracle-working miracle working - - - ikon . . We W . asked a ked how the money was * . ' w.raised wraised wasraIsed raIsed for keeping the church repair Inre'Pair InrePair in inre re- re - - pair .tat.took tat.took tattook and were told that the Itate state . . * took care car * of this thisCOInmunlst thisCommunist thl Communht COInmunlst Communist Party member members , con eon cona tinue tine their private 1glon ligton re1glon ! . . They regard contempt such doctrines for re the al as 1mmortalIty forgiveness of sin sinand and the 1m tm mortalIty IUperstiuons superetittone childishsuperetittone of the soul as a . childish childishRus.lal.the ! on a level with . palnia- palnia palmis : ! try palniatry It is highly - improbable that anyone hOldIng to toany any of these be- be llera liefs bellera beliefs would be - - regarded regardedas as tit fit for mernbershlp membership in the Party Russia Rus.lal.the Ruslal.the Ruslalthe . is . the only onlyroad road to which power in However PowerHowever the Orthodox Church Is now " the officiallyestabllshed officially establishedchurchof churchof establlshed established church of the Soviet Union with a rep- rep r . , ? - reprelentative relentative resentative on the Councll Council of Pec- Pec Pea - Xle 1e file Pec1e Peafile a . Commissar Commissarl Commissars . corresponding correspondlng to ' a cabinet post In the Western countries coun countries islargely Is Islargely Islargely Hitler tries For this change largely responsibleAfter responsibleAfter responsible responsibleAfter After the 1917 Revolution , , most of ofthe ofthe olthe eml emi emlgrated emigrated emigrated the Orthodox Orthodo Orthodoc " ( Church leaders grated to the Balkans and HItler Hitleras , , as part of his invasion mvaslon plans for forthe forthe toithe the Soviet So.iet Soiet Sotiiet . Union seized sC1zed on this his historlcal historical historlcal torlcal torical background He established establisheda Orthodox churches inBerlin in inBerhn uBerlin a number of and andearmarked andearmarked andearmarked Berhn Berlin , , Including a cathedral earmarked millions of reichmarks reichmarkator reichmarksfor for their support After he invaded invadedFrance invadedFrance InvadedFrance France he commandeered commandeeredsilk -silk silk calk - Ilk to tomake tomake tomake vestments When heentered he heentered heentered make rehg relIg rebg ous entered Russia he proclaimed rum him rumself himself himself self the Protector of the Russian RussianChurch RussianChurch RussianChurch Church every German army quar quartermaster quartermaster quartermaster termaster ' " was as equipped with these thesevestments thesevestments thesevestments vestments as well as sacredchurch sacred sacredchurch sacredchurch church vessels and churches were wereeverY wereeverywhere wereeverywhere In the theUkrame theUkraine theUkraine theUkraineWhen everY everywhere " here re-opened re opened - - Ukrame Ukraine UkrameWhen UkraineWhen When- When Whenthe - - the Communists Commurusts dropped droppedtheir droppedtheir droppedtheir I their anti ant ! rcllg re1lg relig ous propaganda and andsuspended andsuspended andsuspended suspended the official pubhca publication publicationtor publicationfor tion tionfor I , for the Society of the Godless Godiess be- be because be because - theircritics their theircrItIcs theircritics cause of a paper papcr shortage crItIcs in the outside world Insisted Insistedthat insistedthat insistedthat that these moves were only to im- im impress Im Impress . - Ipress press foreignersThese foreignersThese foreigners foreignersThese I These critics were wrong the theParty theParty theParty Party had sounder domestic reason reasons reasonsfor reasonsfor . tor for changing changmg their policy For the theGermans theGermans theGermans Germans were making headway In the Ukraine with their rehgIous religious rehgIouspropaganda religiouspropaganda religiouapropaganda propaganda Not only was It popu popular populax popular lar lax with the older people but butmany butmany bulmany many of the young were joining jommg theGermans the theGermans theGermans Germans During the final stages stagesof stagesof stagesof of the Ukrainian Ukrainlan mop up the Red RedArmy RedArmy RedArmy Army came on entire regiments of ofUkrainlans ofUkrainians ofUkrainians Ukrainlans Ukrainians In German uruformAs uniformAs uniform uruform uniformAs As further answer to this Germanpropaganda German Germanpropaganda Germanpropaganda propaganda In the Ukraine threedignitaries three threedIgn1taries threedignitaries dIgn1taries dignitaries of the Russian Orthodox OrthodoxChurch OrthodoxChurch OrthodoxChurch Church were invited mVlted to see Stalinand Stalin Stalinand Stalinand and on September 4 4 1943 a a formal formalreconclhatlOn formalreconciliation formalreconciliation reconclhatlOn reconciliation was effected and end the theChurch theChurch theChurch Church got Its place on the Councll Council Councllof Councilof Councilof of People s Commissars This is acomplete a acomplete acomplete complete reversal of the action ofJanuary otJanuary of ofJanuary January 23 1918 which separatedChurch separated separatedChurch separatedChurch Church and State In Russia RussiaA , A further explanation of the thechange thechange thechange theI I change Is 1 . that the BolshevikParty BolsheVIk BolsheVIkParty BolshevikParty Party now feels strong enough totolerate to totolerate totolerate tolerate even to recognize the theChurch theChurch theChurch theChurchThe Church ChurchThe The party has not overlooked overlookedthe overlookedthe overlookedthe the fact that a patriotic .natIonalis natIonalis . .nationallstic nationallstic .natIonalistic . nationalistic tic Church can be as useful to their theirregime theirregime theirregime regime as It was to the Romanov Romanovdynasty Romanovdynasty Romanovdynasty dynasty The State printing prmtIng pressel presses presselIn pressesin presse.la pressela . In Moscow are now turning out beau beautlfully beautifully beautifully tlfully tifully printed religious books for theuse the theuse theuse use of the Church and It has hal can con conseated cansented contented sented seated to the establishment of 01 . a aseminary aseminary a.eminary aeminary seminary . for training priestsAlthough priestsAlthough priests priestsAlthough Although the Church is now recog recognIzed recognized recognized nIzed and tolerated it is not official officially officially ly 1) 1 ) ' encouraged The Party reahzel realizes reahzelthe realizesthe reahzesthe the new policy poliey is popular abroad abroadand abroadand abroadand and itrengthen strengthens * In America and andEngland andEngland andEngland England both Its own position andthat and andthat andthat that of Its friends trlends in those countriel countries countrielConsequently countriesConsequently countrleConsequently * Consequently It encourages all news newsstories newsstories newstories stories and picture layouts coming comingout comingout comingout out of Russia portraying the new newstate newstate newstate state of affain affairs affairsSomething affairsSomething affainSomething Something of the basic attitude toward to- to - toward to toward - ward the Church however may be beseen beseen beseen seen in a little htUe thing like electric electriclight electriclight electriclight light rates Astateowned A state-owned state owned - - - store pays paysonly paysonly payonly * only 116 kopeks per kilowatt k1lowatt hour hourfor hourfor hourtor for Its current , , , a home user IJ is IJcharged ischarged Itcharged charged 5 8 15 5 S 15 while whlle a church mustpay must mustpay mustpay pay 41The 41The 41 41The The case Is tar far different with theChurch the theChureh theChurch Chureh Church of Rome This has become becomeimportant becomeimportant becomeimportant important only since the war when whenthe whenthe whenthe the Soviet Union Unlon absorbed the Bal Baltic Baltic . tic States and parts of Poland all of ofwhich ofwhich 1 1which which contain many million millions minions * of Ro- Ro Roman Ro R0- R0 - R0man Roman - man CatholicsSome CatholicsSome Catholics CatholicsSome Some concessions have been made madeAfter madeAfter madeAfter After Hitler IntIer i s attack on Russia the theSoviet theSoviet theSoviet Soviet s * Polish prisoner prisoners * of war warreleased warwere warwere ' were released from trom internment internmentcamps internmentcamps Internmentcamps warI I camps and organized into leveral several severaldivisions leveraldivisIons severaldivision divisIons * originally headed by Gen GenI General Genera General I eral era ! Anders The Soviet government governmentpermUted governmentpermitted governmentpermitted permUted permitted the teaching of the Catho Catholic Catholie Catholie lic lie religion to their ' children I'h11dren Ih11dren In spe special * peclal cial special Polish language schoolsorgan ichools schools organ organized organized organIzed ized by the Soviet Department of ofEducatIon ofEducation ofEducation EducatIon Ander Anders * was also per permitted permitted permItted mItted to have thirty seven Catholic CatholicchaplaIns Catholicchaplains Catholicchaplains chaplaIns for his teven seven division dIvlsionJ divisions dIvlsionJRegardless divisionsRegardless * Regardles Regardless * of the basic contempt contemptof of all Communist Communists * tor for religion theOrthodox the theOrthodox theOrthodox Orthodox Church la is a purely Rus Rue Russian Ruescan Russian sian scan institution and It UI its * clergy are arenow arenow arenow now theKremlin al as a * completely obedient to the theKrem11n theKremlin Krem11n Kremlin as they were onca once lubser subser lubservlent subservient ubservient vlent vient to the Czar But the " " > - _ - ! Italian living in Rome II is I * another anothermatter M Mth anothermatter th ; matter The Soviet Government per I pernut permUI permite mUI mite * outsider outsiders * |